ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: to determine the accuracy of infrared (IR)-based serum biomarker profiling to differentiate horses with early inflammatory changes associated with a traumatically induced model of equine carpal osteoarthritis (OA) from controls. METHOD: unilateral carpal OA was induced in 9 of 17 healthy Thoroughbred fillies, while the remainder served as sham operated controls. Serum samples were obtained before induction of OA (Day 0) and weekly thereafter until Day 63 from both groups. Films of dried serum were created, and IR absorbance spectra acquired. Following pre-processing, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to assess group and time differences and generate predictive models for wavenumber ranges 1300-1800 âcm-1 and 2600-3700 âcm-1. RESULTS: the overall correct classification rate when classifying samples by group (OA or Sham) was 52.7% (s.d. â= â12.8%), while it was 94.0% (s.d. â= â1.4%) by sampling Day. The correct classification results by group-sampling Day combinations with pre-intervention serum (Day 0) was 50.5% (s.d. â= â21.7%). CONCLUSION: with the current approach IR spectroscopic analysis could not differentiate serum of horses with induced carpal OA from that of controls. The high classification rate obtained by Day of sampling may reflect the effect of exercise on the biomarker profile. A longer study period (advanced disease) or naturally occurring disease may provide further information on the suitability of this technique in horses.
ABSTRACT
The essential oil, various extracts at different polarity, fractions, and pure compounds obtained from Nigella damascena plants and seeds were screened for biological activity. Antimicrobial tests showed the essential oil to be active only against Gram positive bacteria; among the extracts, the BuOH was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Molluscicidal activity was absent.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Molluscacides/pharmacology , Nigella damascena , Phytotherapy , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Candida albicans/drug effects , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molluscacides/administration & dosage , Molluscacides/therapeutic use , Plant Oils/administration & dosage , Plant Oils/therapeutic use , Snails/drug effectsABSTRACT
The antimicrobial activity on bacteria and fungi of increasing polarity extracts of Rubus ulmifolius and that of some isolated constituents, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide; kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide, gallic acid, ferulic acid and tiliroside was evaluated. The phenolic and tannins fractions showed an high antimicrobial activity.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rosaceae/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/statistics & numerical data , Phytotherapy/methods , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plant LeavesABSTRACT
The antimicrobial activity of extracts of Geum rivale (Rosaceae) and that of some isolated constituents, on bacteria and fungi, was evaluated. The activity was concentrated in the triterpenes fraction and, for gram+ and gram- bacteria, also in the flavonoids fraction.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Fungi/drug effects , Rosacea , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Extracts/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The antimicrobial activity of the n-hexane (H) and chloroform (C) extracts, the methanol extract (M) and its ethyl acetate (E) and n-butanol (B) fractions, and six isolated constituents of the aerial parts of Hypericum hircinum was investigated using an agar diffusion method. The maximum activity was exhibited by the methanolic extract against Staphylococcus aureus, while all pure constituents showed no antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Hypericum , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Fungi/drug effects , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effectsABSTRACT
The chemical composition of the essential oil of Calamintha nepeta and its antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella veneziana, S. paratyphi B. S. typhimurium, Fusarium moniliforme, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger and Pyricularia oryzae have been studied. Moreover the main constituents of the oil (limonene, menthone, pulegone, menthol) have been tested against the same microorganisms. Only pulegone showed antimicrobial activity, particularly against all the Salmonella species.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Menthol/analogs & derivatives , Monoterpenes , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bacteria/drug effects , Chromatography, Gas , Cyclohexane Monoterpenes , Fungi/drug effects , Menthol/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
The biological activity of methanol and water extracts of Mutisia acuminata Ruiz et Pavon var. acuminata (Asteraceae) against bacteria and fungi (spores and mycelia) was evaluated. The role of pH of the medium in antimicrobial activity was investigated.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bacillus subtilis/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Fungi/drug effects , Listeria monocytogenes/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effectsABSTRACT
Essential oils from Satureja montana L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Thymus vulgaris L., and Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi, were chemically analysed and their antimicrobial and fungicide activities evaluated on the basis of their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). All four oils have a biotoxic effect, the most active being those from Calamintha and Thymus.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bacteria/drug effects , Chromatography, Gas , Fungi/drug effects , Mediterranean Sea , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
The authors refer on Salmonella species isolated from carriers, in USL 13 country, during the period of five years 1984-1988 in the microbiological laboratories of S.M.P. USL 13. N. 1240 Salmonella strains were isolated. N. 62 serotypes have been recognized of which about 77% were of the groups B, C1, E1. The trial shows a high positivity of more rare serotypes especially in summer period.