ABSTRACT
The demobilisation of guerrillas and paramilitaries in Colombia, also known as irregular armed groups, has raised the question among mental health professionals as to whether ex-combatants who have had repeated exposure to stressful events might meet the requirements for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Upon arrival at a psychiatric clinic in Bogotá, 76 patients were evaluated by a group of mental health professionals with experience in this diagnosis. Contrary to clinicians' expectations, there was a conspicuous lack of PTSD among this population. Subsequently, the clinical team administered the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale with 21 of these patients; PTSD was found in 57% of the men. The authors consider various arguments that might explain this discrepancy. Differences between the clinical presentation of PTSD among the ex-combatants and the classic descriptions contained in the DSM-IV-TR may be explained by organisational characteristics of the irregular armed groups. Further research is necessary which focuses on the mental health of populations in the context of political violence, such as those encountered in Colombia.
Subject(s)
Interview, Psychological/methods , Military Personnel/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Veterans/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Colombia/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Educational Status , Humans , Interview, Psychological/standards , Male , Marital Status , Middle Aged , Politics , Poverty , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Young AdultSubject(s)
Extracorporeal Circulation , Heart Diseases/surgery , Hemolysis , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Humans , Middle Aged , RheologyABSTRACT
Occasionally a caesarean section we saw a case of malignant hyperthermia with a favourable fate.
Subject(s)
Cesarean Section , Malignant Hyperthermia/etiology , Adult , Combined Modality Therapy , Dantrolene/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Malignant Hyperthermia/drug therapy , Pregnancy , Procaine/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The authors report on their experiences gained by animal experiments (calf) and their attempts (human corpses) concerning adaptation of the apparatus to the human thorax. At the present time they do not see a chance for its routine clinical use. The main reason why is the impossibility to install the extrathoracic driving system into the thoracic cage and last not least the wear of the material used for the heart chambers.
Subject(s)
Heart, Artificial , Animals , Cadaver , Cattle , HumansABSTRACT
A totally artificial heart--the Rostock totally artificial heart (Rostock TAH) was implanted in calves. We can give the following deductions after 27 examinations: -- The Rostock TAH was tested successfully in endurance test about 7 months; it show no sign of wear. -- The surgical technique of the implantation was standardised and a successful experimentation is possible. -- The longest survival time was 15 days. The hemodynamic early results were very good in 3 other animals. -- Modifications of the Rostock TAH were taken up relating to the dimensions of the artificial ventriculi and by mounting a screw cap for avoiding an air embolism. -- Adaption tests in the corpse show that the present form of the artificial heart is not ideal for a possible application in man. -- The problem is still existing in developing a suitable drive system locates intrathoracically. The present drive and control system on a pneumatic base is qualified only for the animal experiment but not for a possible application in man.