ABSTRACT
The high frequency of benign and asymptomatic liver cysts must not underevaluate the potential diagnostic difficulties of liver cystic diseases. Complicated liver cyst or cystic mass of various origin, such as developmental, neoplastic or inflammatory, are important to be recognized by the radiologist. The diagnostic approach is depending on the number of lesions and their dissemination. The presence of a wall, the internal structure of the lesion, particularly the MR signal and the proximity of the biliary tree are the main diagnostic criteria. Some less frequent but characteristic unusual features need to be memorized.
Subject(s)
Cysts/diagnosis , Diagnostic Imaging , Liver Diseases/diagnosis , Adult , Bile Duct Diseases/diagnosis , Caroli Disease/diagnosis , Cystadenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Cystadenoma/diagnosis , Cysts/diagnostic imaging , Diagnosis, Differential , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/diagnosis , Female , Hamartoma/diagnosis , Humans , Liver Abscess/diagnosis , Liver Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Polycystic Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Magnetic resonance contrast agents have demonstrated their clinical usefulness in a variety of organs for improved detection of various neoplastic, inflammatory and functional abnormalities. Gadolinium chelates are the most widely used. They are extracellular, non-specific contrast agents. Their use in many clinical indications is justified because, in conjunction with improved imaging techniques, these safe and image-enhancing contrast agents add morphologic and functional information compared with unenhanced MR images. This article describes the commercially available compounds, and summarizes their approval status on the international market regarding indications and doses. Their mechanisms of action, biodistributions, toxicities and tolerance profiles in normal and high-risk patient populations are described. Additionally, this article reviews the specific recommendations by the manufacturers for patients at risk. Finally, their main clinical applications are reviewed.
Subject(s)
Chelating Agents , Contrast Media , Gadolinium , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Organometallic Compounds , Chelating Agents/adverse effects , Chelating Agents/pharmacokinetics , Chelating Agents/pharmacology , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Contrast Media/pharmacokinetics , Contrast Media/pharmacology , Humans , Organometallic Compounds/adverse effects , Organometallic Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Organometallic Compounds/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to analyze the CT and MR features of multiple glioblastomas, and to determine the best imaging modality for the initial diagnosis. The CT (four exams) and MR imaging (eight exams) of eight patients with proven multiple glioblastomas were reviewed by two neuroradiologists. The lesions were always hypo- or isodense on CT and hyperintense on T2-weighted images (100%). They were usually hypo- or isointense on T1-weighted images (90%). Edema and mass effect were very variable. After contrast media administration, the enhancement was mostly strong (71% on CT and 70% on MR), often either heterogeneous or ring-like. The different lesions of a patient often had a different pattern on MR (75% of cases). Meningeal or ventricular enhancement, suggestive of a possible way of dissemination, was rare. In case of multiple cerebral masses, multiple glioblastomas should be considered as a possible diagnosis in addition to the better known diagnosis of brain metastases, abscesses, or multifocal lymphomas. Moderate edema and mass effect on MR associated with strong and heterogeneous enhancement are suggestive of feature of multiple glioblastomas. Magnetic resonance allows rarely the visualization of a dissemination route.