Disseminated Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Alcohol Misuse, Northeast Brazil, 2015-2018.

Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) is an uncommon form of Leishmania braziliensis infection. It remains unknown why some people develop this clinical condition. We describe 14 DCL patients in Northeast Brazil during 2015-2018. These patients regularly drank large amounts of alcohol, possibly increasing their risk for DCL.

Evaluation of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of 7-hydroxy-4', 6-dimethoxy-isoflavone and essential oil from Myroxylon peruiferum L.f.

This study evaluated the antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant effect of 7-hydroxy-4',6-dimethoxy-isoflavone and essential oil of Myroxylon peruiferum. The compound was isolated and its structure elucidated by NMR. The chemical composition of essential oil determined by GC-MS analysis. To evaluation of antimicrobial activity, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were performed. In addition to analysis of antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging tests, iron chelating assay (FIC), antioxidant reducing power assay (FRAP) and ß-carotene bleaching assay (BCB) were performed. For the essential oil were identified 24 organized compounds having as main constituents; Germacrene D (17.2%), α-pinene (14.8%) and E-caryophyllene (10.8%). The results showed that isoflavone (2000 to 156 µg/mL) and essential oil (5.0 to 1.25%) present antibacterial and antifungal activity against Gram-positive bacteria and filamentous fungi. The isoflavone and the essential oil also presented antioxidant activity in all the tests, mainly on inhibition of the oxidation of ß-carotene test concentrations ranging from 60 to 100%. In conclusion, isoflavone and essential oil from M. peruiferum present an antimicrobial alternative against Gram-positive bacteria, especially of the genus Staphylococcus and dermatophyte fungi of the genus Trichophyton, as well as a natural compound antioxidant.

Análise comparativa da intensidade de fluorescência de CD10 e de CD19 em blastos leucêmicos e hematogônias: A comparative analysis / CD10 and CD19 fluorescence intensity of leukemic blasts and hematogones

Hematogônias são células jovens normais da medula óssea responsáveis pela produção das células de linhagem B do sistema imunológico. A leucemia linfoblástica aguda de células precursoras B representa um dos tipos de transformação neoplásica destes precursores hematopoéticos. Devido à alta similaridade citológica das hematogônias e dos blastos leucêmicos, é possível haver erros de interpretação em suas análises, sendo importante, em algumas circunstâncias, o uso de técnicas complementares diagnósticas para diferenciá-las. Os antígenos CD10 e CD19 estão expressos em ambos os tipos celulares, e uma extensão no uso de outros marcadores é necessária para caracterização da natureza benigna ou maligna das células. Foram testadas possíveis diferenças nas curvas de expressão de CD10 e CD19 dos dois tipos celulares. Para o grupo em estudo, foram colhidas 39 amostras de pacientes portadores de LLA de linhagem B por ocasião do diagnóstico. A idade variou de 0 a 14 anos com uma média de 6,6 anos. Como grupo controle, foram também colhidas 36 amostras de medula óssea de pacientes pediátricos não portadores de neoplasia. A idade variou de 0 a 15 anos com uma média de 5 anos. Nos dois grupos, as diferenças nos gráficos das distribuições de intensidade de fluorescência (IF) de CD10 e CD19 foram analisadas quanto aos parâmetros: Média (ME), desvios-padrão (DP), coeficientes de variação (CV), coeficientes de inclinação (CI) e coeficiente de curtose (CC). Os valores individuais destes parâmetros de cada amostra foram comparados com os intervalos gerados pelo grupo controle: ME±2DP; ME±2,5DP e ME±3DP. Foi possível distinguir os dois grupos com 89,7 por cento e 75 por cento, 79,5 por cento e 100 por cento, 71,8 por cento e 100 por cento, de sensibilidade e especificidade para os respectivos intervalos. As expressões de CD10 e CD19 em blastos e hematogônias são diferentes, podendo ser de utilidade prática na distinção entre os dois tipos celulares.

Hematogones are normal immature cells from bone marrow that are responsible for the production of the immune system's B cell lineage. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) of precursor B cells represents one type of neoplastic transformation of hematogones. Due to their high similarity, there are risks of erroneous interpretation making the use of complementary diagnostic techniques necessary. CD10 and CD19 antigens are expressed on both types of cells so, the use of other monoclonal antibodies is necessary to identify their malignant or benign nature. In an attempt to avoid the use of different antibodies, we investigated possible differences in the expressions of CD10 and CD19 in both cell types. We collected 36 samples of bone marrow from non-neoplastic patients as a control group. The ages of the patients ranged from 0 to 15 years with an average of 5 years. Also 39 samples from patients with ALL of B cells were collected. The ages of these individuals ranged from 0 to 14 years with an average of 6.6 years. We analyzed the differences between the fluorescence in respect to average intensity, standard deviation, variation, inclination and kurtosis coefficients for the two markers. The individual values of each sample were compared with the intervals generated by the values of the control group: mean ± 2SD; mean ± SD and mean ± 3SD. It was possible to distinguish the groups with 89.7 percent and 75 percent; 79.5 percent and 100 percent and 71.8 percent e 100 percent of sensitivity and specificity, respectively for the three intervals. In conclusion, the expression of CD10 and CD19 antigens on blasts and hematogones are significantly different and may be useful in the differentiation of the two cell types.