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1.
Epidemiol Serv Saude ; 33(spe2): e20231188, 2024.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39230126

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe vaccination coverage and hesitation for the basic children's schedule in Belo Horizonte and Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. METHODS: Population-based epidemiological surveys performed from 2020 to 2022, which estimated vaccine coverage by type of immunobiological product and full schedule (valid and ministered doses), according to socioeconomic strata; and reasons for vaccination hesitancy. RESULTS: Overall coverage with valid doses and vaccination hesitancy for at least one vaccine were, respectively, 50.2% (95%CI 44.1;56.2) and 1.6% (95%CI 0.9;2.7), in Belo Horizonte (n = 1,866), and 64.9% (95%CI 56.9;72.1) and 1.0% (95%CI 0.3;2.8), in Sete Lagoas (n = 451), with differences between socioeconomic strata. Fear of severe reactions was the main reason for vaccination hesitancy. CONCLUSION: Coverage was identified as being below recommended levels for most vaccines. Disinformation should be combated in order to avoid vaccination hesitancy. There is a pressing need to recover coverages, considering public health service access and socioeconomic disparities. MAIN RESULTS: Vaccination coverage of children up to 4 years old was 50.2% in Belo Horizonte, and 64.9% in Sete Lagoas. Fear of severe reactions and believing that vaccination against eradicated diseases is unnecessary were the main reasons for vaccination hesitancy. IMPLICATIONS FOR SERVICES: Recovery of high vaccination coverage among children, considering public health service access conditions and socioeconomic inequities. Acting on reasons for hesitancy that can assist in targeting actions. PERSPECTIVES: The multifactorial context of vaccination hesitancy demands the development of health education strategies to raise awareness about child immunization.


Subject(s)
Socioeconomic Factors , Vaccination Coverage , Vaccination Hesitancy , Vaccination , Humans , Brazil , Vaccination Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Hesitancy/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology , Infant , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Male , Female , Immunization Schedule , Child, Preschool , Vaccines/administration & dosage
2.
Epidemiol Serv Saude ; 33(spe2): e20231216, 2024.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39194084

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe timely vaccination completion and obstacles in the first 24 months of life in Brazil, examining associations with maternal race/skin color. METHODS: Study participants were 37,801 children born in 2017 and 2018 included in the National Immunization Coverage Survey. We calculated prevalence and 95% confidence intervals for timely vaccine completeness and obstacles at 5, 12 and 24 months of life, according to maternal race/skin color. Associations were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: 7.2% (95%CI 6.3;8.2) of mothers faced difficulties in taking their children to be vaccinated, and 23.4% (95%CI 21.7;25.1) were not vaccinated when taken. These proportions were 75% (95%CI 1.25;2.45) and 97% (95%CI 1.57;2.48) higher, respectively, among Black mothers. At least one vaccination was delayed among 49.9% (95%CI 47.8;51.9) and 61.1% (95%CI 59.2;63.0) of children by 5 and 12 months, respectively. These rates were higher among Black/mixed race mothers. CONCLUSION: There are racial inequalities in both the obstacles faced and in vaccination rates in Brazil. MAIN RESULTS: Marked racial inequalities were found in the obstacles to vaccination of children under 24 months in Brazil and to timely vaccination at 5 months and in the first year of life. IMPLICATIONS FOR SERVICES: Racial inequalities in the occurrence of vaccination shortcomings in health services, in the objective restrictions faced by families in taking their children to vaccination centers and in incomplete vaccination in a timely manner need to be addressed by the Brazilian National Health System. PERSPECTIVES: Equal public policies to address barriers to vaccination and qualification of health services need to be implemented. Studies need to deepen understanding of the structural determinants that lead to racial disparities.


Subject(s)
Healthcare Disparities , Mothers , Vaccination , Humans , Brazil , Infant , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Female , Retrospective Studies , Healthcare Disparities/statistics & numerical data , Mothers/statistics & numerical data , Child, Preschool , Male , Vaccination Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Cohort Studies , Socioeconomic Factors , Black People/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Immunization Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult , White People/statistics & numerical data
3.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 33(spe2): e20231188, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1569170

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To describe vaccination coverage and hesitation for the basic children's schedule in Belo Horizonte and Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Methods Population-based epidemiological surveys performed from 2020 to 2022, which estimated vaccine coverage by type of immunobiological product and full schedule (valid and ministered doses), according to socioeconomic strata; and reasons for vaccination hesitancy. Results Overall coverage with valid doses and vaccination hesitancy for at least one vaccine were, respectively, 50.2% (95%CI 44.1;56.2) and 1.6% (95%CI 0.9;2.7), in Belo Horizonte (n = 1,866), and 64.9% (95%CI 56.9;72.1) and 1.0% (95%CI 0.3;2.8), in Sete Lagoas (n = 451), with differences between socioeconomic strata. Fear of severe reactions was the main reason for vaccination hesitancy. Conclusion Coverage was identified as being below recommended levels for most vaccines. Disinformation should be combated in order to avoid vaccination hesitancy. There is a pressing need to recover coverages, considering public health service access and socioeconomic disparities.


resumen está disponible en el texto completo


RESUMO Objetivo Descrever as coberturas e hesitação das vacinas do calendário básico infantil em Belo Horizonte e Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais. Métodos Inquéritos epidemiológicos de base populacional realizados de 2020 a 2022, para estimar coberturas vacinais por tipo de imunobiológico e esquema completo (doses válidas e aplicadas) segundo estratos socioeconômicos, e os motivos de hesitação vacinal. Resultados A cobertura global com doses válidas e a hesitação vacinal de pelo menos uma vacina foram, respectivamente, de 50,2% (IC95% 44,1;56,2) e 1,6% (IC95% 0,9;2,7), em Belo Horizonte (n = 1.866), e de 64,9% (IC95% 56,9;72,1) e 1,0% (IC95% 0,3;2,8), em Sete Lagoas (n = 451), com diferenças entre os estratos. O receio de reações graves foi o principal motivo de hesitação vacinal. Conclusão Identificou-se coberturas abaixo do preconizado para a maioria das vacinas. A desinformação deve ser combatida, evitando-se a hesitação vacinal. Há necessidade premente de recuperar as coberturas, considerando acesso ao SUS e disparidades socioeconômicas.

4.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 33(spe2): e20231216, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1569171

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To describe timely vaccination completion and obstacles in the first 24 months of life in Brazil, examining associations with maternal race/skin color. Methods Study participants were 37,801 children born in 2017 and 2018 included in the National Immunization Coverage Survey. We calculated prevalence and 95% confidence intervals for timely vaccine completeness and obstacles at 5, 12 and 24 months of life, according to maternal race/skin color. Associations were analyzed using logistic regression. Results 7.2% (95%CI 6.3;8.2) of mothers faced difficulties in taking their children to be vaccinated, and 23.4% (95%CI 21.7;25.1) were not vaccinated when taken. These proportions were 75% (95%CI 1.25;2.45) and 97% (95%CI 1.57;2.48) higher, respectively, among Black mothers. At least one vaccination was delayed among 49.9% (95%CI 47.8;51.9) and 61.1% (95%CI 59.2;63.0) of children by 5 and 12 months, respectively. These rates were higher among Black/mixed race mothers. Conclusion There are racial inequalities in both the obstacles faced and in vaccination rates in Brazil.


resumen está disponible en el texto completo


RESUMO Objetivo Descrever a completude vacinal em tempo oportuno nos primeiros 24 meses de vida no Brasil e os obstáculos para vacinação, testando-se associações com raça/cor da pele materna. Métodos Fez-se coleta de informações sobre os nascidos em 2017 e 2018, constantes no Inquérito Nacional de Cobertura Vacinal. Foram calculados prevalência e intervalos de confiança de 95% de obstáculos à vacinação e completude vacinal em tempo oportuno aos 5 meses, primeiro e segundo ano, segundo raça/cor da pele materna. Empregou-se regressão logística para análise de associações. Resultados Analisaram-se dados de 37.801 crianças. Do total, 7,2% (IC95% 6,3;8,2) dos responsáveis enfrentaram dificuldades para levar seus filhos para vacinação e 23,4% (IC95% 21,7;25,1) das crianças não foram vacinadas, mesmo sendo levadas. Essas proporções foram 75% (IC95% 1,25;2,45) e 97% (IC95% 1,57;2,48) mais elevadas, respectivamente, entre pretas; e 49,9% (IC95% 47,8;51,9) e 61,1% (IC95% 59,2;63,0) das crianças tiveram atraso em alguma vacina até os 5 meses e o primeiro ano, respectivamente. Tais valores foram maiores entre pardas/pretas. Conclusão Há desigualdades raciais nos obstáculos enfrentados e na vacinação no Brasil.

5.
Cien Saude Colet ; 28(8): 2335-2346, 2023 Aug.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37531541

ABSTRACT

We aimed to analyze the trend of indicators of the National Immunization Program (acronym in Portuguese. PNI) in children under one-year-old and classify municipalities regarding the risk of transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases (RTVPD) in Maranhão from 2010 to 2021. This ecological time series study was based on secondary data on vaccination coverage (VC). vaccination coverage homogeneity (VCH). proportion of abandonment (PA). and RTVPD. with state coverage for vaccines in the national children's calendar. Prais-Winsten regression estimated trends (α=5%) and the indicators' annual percentage change (APC). We identified fluctuating and discrepant VC between vaccines. with a decreasing trend (p < 0.01). except those against Hepatitis B (p = 0.709) and oral human rotavirus (p = 0.143). The sharpest falls were for Yellow Fever (APC = 12.24%) and BCG (APC = 12.25%) vaccines. All VCH rates were lower than expected. with a drop from 2014 and APC between 5.75% (Pneumococcal 10; p = 0.033) and 14.02% (Poliomyelitis; p < 0.01). We observed an increasing trend in PA for Pentavalent (APC = 4.91%; p < 0.01) and Poliomyelitis (APC = 3.55%; p < 0.01). We identified an increase of 52.54% in the proportion of municipalities in Maranhão from 2015 to 2021. with extremely high (p = 0.025) and high (p = 0.028) RTVPD. The PNI indicators deteriorated. reaffirming the susceptibility to the emergence of vaccine-preventable diseases.


Objetivou-se analisar a tendência dos indicadores do Programa Nacional de Imunizações (PNI) em menores de um ano e classificar os municípios quanto ao risco de transmissão de doenças imunopreveníveis (RTDIp) no Maranhão de 2010 a 2021. Estudo ecológico de série temporal, baseado em dados secundários de cobertura vacinal (CV), homogeneidade de cobertura vacinal (HCV), proporção de abandono (PA) e RTDIp, com abrangência estadual, para vacinas do calendário nacional infantil. Regressão de Prais-Winstein estimou tendência (α = 5%) e variação percentual anual (VPA) dos indicadores. Houve CV flutuantes e discrepantes entre as vacinas, com tendência decrescente (p < 0,01), exceto contra hepatite B (p = 0,709) e rotavírus (p = 0,143). As quedas mais acentuadas foram para as vacinas contra febre amarela e BCG. Todas as taxas de HCV estavam abaixo do esperado, com a diminuição a partir de 2014 e VPA de 5,75% a 14,02%. Houve tendência crescente da PA para pentavalente e poliomielite. No período de 2015 e 2021 houve incremento de 52,54% na proporção dos municípios maranhenses com RTDIp muito alto (p = 0,025) e alto (p = 0,028). Ao longo de 12 anos, houve piora dos indicadores do PNI em menores de um ano, reafirmando a suscetibilidade para o surgimento de doenças imunopreveníveis.


Subject(s)
Poliomyelitis , Vaccine-Preventable Diseases , Vaccines , Humans , Infant , Brazil , Immunization Programs , Vaccination
6.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 47: e115, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37489235

ABSTRACT

Objective: To compare hospital mortality rates (HMR) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated with COVID-19 recorded in metropolitan areas and other regions (interior) of Brazil in 2020 and 2021. Method: This ecological study used public data available on OpenDataSUS. The information was accessed in May 2022. The following variables were considered: age, sex, hospitalization, presence of a risk factor, ICU stay, use of ventilatory support, and final classification in the individual registration form of SARS cases due to COVID-19. Cases and deaths were stratified into five age groups (0-19 years, 20-39 years, 40-59 years, 60-79 years, and ≥80 years) and by place of residence (metropolitan area or interior). The HMR had as numerator the absolute number of deaths by SARS associated with covid-19; and, as a denominator, the absolute number of cases of SARS due to covid-19 according to the year of occurrence, area of residence, age bracket, sex, hospitalization, presence of a risk factor, ICU admission, and use of ventilatory support. Results: There was a significant increase in HMR due to SARS associated with COVID-19 in 2021 in all age groups, except 0-19 years and ≥80 years, as well as among individuals admitted to an ICU and who used invasive ventilatory support, both in metropolitan areas as well as in the interior. Conclusions: There was a worsening of the epidemiological scenario in 2021 with an increase in HMR. However, no differences were identified between the metropolitan regions and the interior of the country.


Objetivo: Comparar las tasas de mortalidad hospitalaria por el síndrome respiratorio agudo grave relacionado con la COVID-19 registradas en las regiones metropolitanas y el interior de Brasil en el período 2020-2021. Método: Se realizó un estudio ecológico con datos públicos disponibles en el sistema OpenDataSUS. La información se consultó en mayo del 2022. Se tomaron en cuenta las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, hospitalización, presencia de factores de riesgo, ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, uso de apoyo ventilatorio y clasificación final en la hoja de registro individual de casos del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave por COVID-19. Los casos y las defunciones se estratificaron en cinco grupos etarios (0-19 años, 20-39 años, 40-59 años, 60-79 años y ≥80 años) y por ubicación del municipio de residencia (región metropolitana o interior). El numerador de la tasa de mortalidad hospitalaria fue el número absoluto de defunciones por el síndrome respiratorio agudo grave relacionado con la COVID-19, y el denominador, el número absoluto de casos del mismo síndrome relacionado con la COVID-19 según el año de aparición, la residencia en una región metropolitana o en el interior, el grupo etario, el sexo, la hospitalización, la presencia de factores de riesgo, el ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y el uso de apoyo ventilatorio. Resultados: Se comprobó un aumento significativo de la tasa de mortalidad hospitalaria por el síndrome respiratorio agudo grave relacionado con la COVID-19 en el 2021 en todos los grupos etarios, excepto en los grupos de 0-19 años y ≥80 años, así como entre las personas internadas en la unidad de cuidados intensivos que recibieron apoyo respiratorio invasivo, tanto en las regiones metropolitanas como en el interior. Conclusiones: La situación epidemiológica empeoró en el 2021 con el aumento de la tasa de mortalidad hospitalaria, pero no se observaron diferencias entre las regiones metropolitanas y el interior del país.

7.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.);28(2): 337-337, fev. 2023. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421161

ABSTRACT

Resumo A queda de coberturas vacinais (CV) na infância, entre elas a da poliomielite, vem se tornando uma preocupação sanitária. O objetivo foi analisar a tendência temporal das coberturas das três doses da vacina contra a poliomielite nos primeiros 12 meses de vida entre 2011 e 2021, com destaque na pandemia de COVID-19, além de mapear as CV no Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo ecológico com técnicas de série temporal interrompida (STI) e análise espacial, a partir dos dados do Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunização. A tendência da CV foi ajustada pelo estimador de variância de Newey-West, segundo as unidades federadas e o Índice de Privação Brasileiro. A distribuição da CV foi estimada por modelos bayesianos e os aglomerados espaciais pelos índices de Moran global e local, identificando áreas de menor cobertura nas Regiões de Saúde. Observa-se perda da CV ao longo do período em todas as regiões do país, sendo maiores no Norte e no Nordeste e se acentuando durante a pandemia. As maiores quedas foram identificadas em estados e regiões de saúde com maior vulnerabilidade social. A queda na CV mostra que o risco de reintrodução do vírus selvagem é iminente e os desafios precisam ser enfrentados com o fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde.


Abstract The drop in childhood vaccination coverage (VC), including poliomyelitis, has become a health concern. The objective was to analyze the temporal trend of coverage of the three doses of the polio vaccine in the first 12 months of life between 2011 and 2021, in addition to mapping vaccination coverage in Brazil, including the COVID-19 pandemic period. An ecological study was carried out using interrupted time series (STI) techniques and spatial analysis, with data from the National Immunization Program Information System. The VC trend was adjusted by the Newey-West variance estimator according to the federated units and the Brazilian Deprivation Index. The VC distribution was estimated by Bayesian models and the spatial clusters by the global and local Moran index, identifying areas of lower coverage in the health regions. There was a reduction in the VC over the period in all regions, being more pronounced in the North and Northeast regions and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The biggest drops were identified in states and health regions with greater social vulnerability after 2019. The drop in VC shows that the risk of reintroduction of the wild virus is imminent and the challenges need to be faced with the strengthening of the Brazilian Health System (SUS).

8.
Cien Saude Colet ; 28(2): 337, 2023 Feb.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36651390

ABSTRACT

The drop in childhood vaccination coverage (VC), including poliomyelitis, has become a health concern. The objective was to analyze the temporal trend of coverage of the three doses of the polio vaccine in the first 12 months of life between 2011 and 2021, in addition to mapping vaccination coverage in Brazil, including the COVID-19 pandemic period. An ecological study was carried out using interrupted time series (STI) techniques and spatial analysis, with data from the National Immunization Program Information System. The VC trend was adjusted by the Newey-West variance estimator according to the federated units and the Brazilian Deprivation Index. The VC distribution was estimated by Bayesian models and the spatial clusters by the global and local Moran index, identifying areas of lower coverage in the health regions. There was a reduction in the VC over the period in all regions, being more pronounced in the North and Northeast regions and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The biggest drops were identified in states and health regions with greater social vulnerability after 2019. The drop in VC shows that the risk of reintroduction of the wild virus is imminent and the challenges need to be faced with the strengthening of the Brazilian Health System (SUS).


A queda de coberturas vacinais (CV) na infância, entre elas a da poliomielite, vem se tornando uma preocupação sanitária. O objetivo foi analisar a tendência temporal das coberturas das três doses da vacina contra a poliomielite nos primeiros 12 meses de vida entre 2011 e 2021, com destaque na pandemia de COVID-19, além de mapear as CV no Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo ecológico com técnicas de série temporal interrompida (STI) e análise espacial, a partir dos dados do Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunização. A tendência da CV foi ajustada pelo estimador de variância de Newey-West, segundo as unidades federadas e o Índice de Privação Brasileiro. A distribuição da CV foi estimada por modelos bayesianos e os aglomerados espaciais pelos índices de Moran global e local, identificando áreas de menor cobertura nas Regiões de Saúde. Observa-se perda da CV ao longo do período em todas as regiões do país, sendo maiores no Norte e no Nordeste e se acentuando durante a pandemia. As maiores quedas foram identificadas em estados e regiões de saúde com maior vulnerabilidade social. A queda na CV mostra que o risco de reintrodução do vírus selvagem é iminente e os desafios precisam ser enfrentados com o fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Poliomyelitis , Humans , Brazil/epidemiology , Bayes Theorem , Pandemics/prevention & control , Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Vaccination , Poliomyelitis/epidemiology , Poliomyelitis/prevention & control
9.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.);28(8): 2335-2346, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447889

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a tendência dos indicadores do Programa Nacional de Imunizações (PNI) em menores de um ano e classificar os municípios quanto ao risco de transmissão de doenças imunopreveníveis (RTDIp) no Maranhão de 2010 a 2021. Estudo ecológico de série temporal, baseado em dados secundários de cobertura vacinal (CV), homogeneidade de cobertura vacinal (HCV), proporção de abandono (PA) e RTDIp, com abrangência estadual, para vacinas do calendário nacional infantil. Regressão de Prais-Winstein estimou tendência (α = 5%) e variação percentual anual (VPA) dos indicadores. Houve CV flutuantes e discrepantes entre as vacinas, com tendência decrescente (p < 0,01), exceto contra hepatite B (p = 0,709) e rotavírus (p = 0,143). As quedas mais acentuadas foram para as vacinas contra febre amarela e BCG. Todas as taxas de HCV estavam abaixo do esperado, com a diminuição a partir de 2014 e VPA de 5,75% a 14,02%. Houve tendência crescente da PA para pentavalente e poliomielite. No período de 2015 e 2021 houve incremento de 52,54% na proporção dos municípios maranhenses com RTDIp muito alto (p = 0,025) e alto (p = 0,028). Ao longo de 12 anos, houve piora dos indicadores do PNI em menores de um ano, reafirmando a suscetibilidade para o surgimento de doenças imunopreveníveis.


Abstract We aimed to analyze the trend of indicators of the National Immunization Program (acronym in Portuguese. PNI) in children under one-year-old and classify municipalities regarding the risk of transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases (RTVPD) in Maranhão from 2010 to 2021. This ecological time series study was based on secondary data on vaccination coverage (VC). vaccination coverage homogeneity (VCH). proportion of abandonment (PA). and RTVPD. with state coverage for vaccines in the national children's calendar. Prais-Winsten regression estimated trends (α=5%) and the indicators' annual percentage change (APC). We identified fluctuating and discrepant VC between vaccines. with a decreasing trend (p < 0.01). except those against Hepatitis B (p = 0.709) and oral human rotavirus (p = 0.143). The sharpest falls were for Yellow Fever (APC = 12.24%) and BCG (APC = 12.25%) vaccines. All VCH rates were lower than expected. with a drop from 2014 and APC between 5.75% (Pneumococcal 10; p = 0.033) and 14.02% (Poliomyelitis; p < 0.01). We observed an increasing trend in PA for Pentavalent (APC = 4.91%; p < 0.01) and Poliomyelitis (APC = 3.55%; p < 0.01). We identified an increase of 52.54% in the proportion of municipalities in Maranhão from 2015 to 2021. with extremely high (p = 0.025) and high (p = 0.028) RTVPD. The PNI indicators deteriorated. reaffirming the susceptibility to the emergence of vaccine-preventable diseases.

10.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 47: e115, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1450286

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo. Comparar as taxas de mortalidade hospitalar (TMH) por síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) associada à covid-19 registradas em regiões metropolitanas e no interior do Brasil em 2020 e 2021. Método. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico com dados públicos disponíveis no OpenDataSUS. As informações foram acessadas em maio de 2022. Consideraram-se as seguintes variáveis: idade, sexo, internação hospitalar, presença de fator de risco, internação em UTI, uso de suporte ventilatório e classificação final na ficha de registro individual de casos de SRAG por covid-19. Os casos e óbitos foram estratificados em cinco faixas etárias (0-19 anos, 20-39 anos, 40-59 anos, 60-79 anos e ≥80 anos) e por localização do município de residência (região metropolitana ou interior). A TMH teve como numerador o número absoluto de óbitos por SRAG associada à covid-19; e, como denominador, o número absoluto de casos de SRAG por covid-19 segundo ano de ocorrência, residência em região metropolitana ou interior, faixa etária, sexo, internação hospitalar, presença de fator de risco, internação em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e uso de suporte ventilatório. Resultados. Verificou-se aumento significativo da TMH por SRAG associada à covid-19 em 2021 em todos os grupos etários, exceto 0-19 anos e ≥80 anos, assim como entre indivíduos internados em UTI e que utilizaram suporte ventilatório invasivo, tanto nas regiões metropolitanas quanto no interior. Conclusões. Houve piora do cenário epidemiológico em 2021 com o aumento da TMH, mas não foram identificadas diferenças entre as regiões metropolitanas e o interior do país.


ABSTRACT Objective. To compare hospital mortality rates (HMR) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated with COVID-19 recorded in metropolitan areas and other regions (interior) of Brazil in 2020 and 2021. Method. This ecological study used public data available on OpenDataSUS. The information was accessed in May 2022. The following variables were considered: age, sex, hospitalization, presence of a risk factor, ICU stay, use of ventilatory support, and final classification in the individual registration form of SARS cases due to COVID-19. Cases and deaths were stratified into five age groups (0-19 years, 20-39 years, 40-59 years, 60-79 years, and ≥80 years) and by place of residence (metropolitan area or interior). The HMR had as numerator the absolute number of deaths by SARS associated with covid-19; and, as a denominator, the absolute number of cases of SARS due to covid-19 according to the year of occurrence, area of residence, age bracket, sex, hospitalization, presence of a risk factor, ICU admission, and use of ventilatory support. Results. There was a significant increase in HMR due to SARS associated with COVID-19 in 2021 in all age groups, except 0-19 years and ≥80 years, as well as among individuals admitted to an ICU and who used invasive ventilatory support, both in metropolitan areas as well as in the interior. Conclusions. There was a worsening of the epidemiological scenario in 2021 with an increase in HMR. However, no differences were identified between the metropolitan regions and the interior of the country.


RESUMEN Objetivo. Comparar las tasas de mortalidad hospitalaria por el síndrome respiratorio agudo grave relacionado con la COVID-19 registradas en las regiones metropolitanas y el interior de Brasil en el período 2020-2021. Método. Se realizó un estudio ecológico con datos públicos disponibles en el sistema OpenDataSUS. La información se consultó en mayo del 2022. Se tomaron en cuenta las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, hospitalización, presencia de factores de riesgo, ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, uso de apoyo ventilatorio y clasificación final en la hoja de registro individual de casos del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave por COVID-19. Los casos y las defunciones se estratificaron en cinco grupos etarios (0-19 años, 20-39 años, 40-59 años, 60-79 años y ≥80 años) y por ubicación del municipio de residencia (región metropolitana o interior). El numerador de la tasa de mortalidad hospitalaria fue el número absoluto de defunciones por el síndrome respiratorio agudo grave relacionado con la COVID-19, y el denominador, el número absoluto de casos del mismo síndrome relacionado con la COVID-19 según el año de aparición, la residencia en una región metropolitana o en el interior, el grupo etario, el sexo, la hospitalización, la presencia de factores de riesgo, el ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y el uso de apoyo ventilatorio. Resultados. Se comprobó un aumento significativo de la tasa de mortalidad hospitalaria por el síndrome respiratorio agudo grave relacionado con la COVID-19 en el 2021 en todos los grupos etarios, excepto en los grupos de 0-19 años y ≥80 años, así como entre las personas internadas en la unidad de cuidados intensivos que recibieron apoyo respiratorio invasivo, tanto en las regiones metropolitanas como en el interior. Conclusiones. La situación epidemiológica empeoró en el 2021 con el aumento de la tasa de mortalidad hospitalaria, pero no se observaron diferencias entre las regiones metropolitanas y el interior del país.

11.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 46: e208, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36569580

ABSTRACT

Objective: To assess the effect of coverage of the Bolsa Família Program (BFP) on oral cancer mortality rates in Brazil between 2005 and 2017, adjusting for health care coverage and socioeconomic characteristics of the Brazilian federative units. Methods: This is an ecological study using annual data (2005-2017) from all the Brazilian federative units. The dependent variable for this study was the oral cancer mortality rate, standardized by gender and age using the direct standardization technique. BFP coverage was the main independent variable, calculated as the ratio of the number of BFP beneficiaries to those families that should potentially be entitled to this conditional cash transfer. Socioeconomic background and health care coverage were covariables. Choropleth maps were drawn, and space-time cube analysis was used to assess changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of BFP and oral cancer mortality rates. Mixed-effects linear regression analysis estimated the coefficients (ß) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between BFP coverage and oral cancer mortality rates. Results: BFP coverage trends increased and oral cancer mortality rate trends stabilized in Brazilian federative units, except for Maranhão, Goiás, and Minas Gerais, where the oral cancer mortality rates have increased. In the adjusted model, greater BFP coverage was associated with lower oral cancer mortality rates (ß -2.10; 95% CI [-3.291, -0.919]). Conclusions: Egalitarian strategies such as BFP can reduce the oral cancer mortality rate. We recommend the follow-up of families benefiting from conditional cash transfer program by oral health teams to reduce the oral cancer mortality rate.

12.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 26(3): 693-704, set-dez. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1399328

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A dengue é considerada uma das principais arboviroses mundiais, caracterizada no Brasil pelo aumento de casos graves e óbitos. OBJETIVO: realizar análise espacial dos casos prováveis de dengue em São Luís - MA. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico de base populacional dos casos prováveis de dengue, notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) em 2015 e 2016, ocorridos no município de São Luís ­ MA. Foram georreferenciados 4.681 casos prováveis de dengue por setores censitários, calculadas as taxas de incidência e ajustadas através do estimador bayesiano empírico local. Foi utilizado o estimador de densidade de Kernel e Moran Global e Local para a análise espacial. RESULTADOS: Evidenciou-se através do estimador de densidade de Kernel, áreas quentes (alta-densidade) nos setores censitários da região noroeste do município. As taxas de incidência foram ajustadas pela aplicação do método bayesiano empírico local, identificando-se maior quantidade de setores com média e alta incidência. A partir do índice de Moran global foi evidenciada autocorrelação espacial positiva estatisticamente significativa para as taxas de incidência de dengue (I=0,69; p<0,001) e para as taxas de incidência ajustadas pelo método bayesiano (I=0,80; p<0,001). De acordo com o índice de Moran local, identificou-se clusters de setores de alta incidência de dengue em áreas com alta densidade populacional na região nordeste e noroeste do município. CONCLUSÃO: A pesquisa demonstrou que os estimadores bayesianos ajudaram a minimizar os problemas de subnotificação e da influência do tamanho populacional nos setores censitários.


INTRODUCTION: Dengue is considered one of the main arboviruses in the world, characterized in Brazil by the increase in severe cases and deaths. OBJECTIVE: to perform spatial analysis of probable dengue cases in São Luís - MA. METHODS: Population-based ecological study of probable dengue cases, reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) in 2015 and 2016, which took place in the city of São Luís - MA. 4,681 probable dengue cases were georeferenced by census sectors, incidence rates were calculated and adjusted using the local empirical Bayesian estimator. The Kernel and Moran Global and Local density estimator was used for spatial analysis. RESULTS: Hot areas (high-density) in the census sectors of the northwest region of the municipality were evidenced through the Kernel density estimator. Incidence rates were adjusted by applying the local empirical Bayesian method, identifying a greater number of sectors with medium and high incidence. From the global Moran index, statistically significant positive spatial autocorrelation was evidenced for the dengue incidence rates (I = 0.69; p <0.001) and for the incidence rates adjusted by the Bayesian method (I = 0.80; p <0.001). According to the local Moran index, clusters of sectors with a high incidence of dengue were identified in areas with high population density in the northeast and northwest regions of the municipality. CONCLUSION: The research demonstrated that Bayesian estimators helped to minimize the problems of underreporting and the influence of population size on census tracts.


INTRODUCCIÓN: El dengue es considerado una de las principales arbovirosis a nivel mundial, caracterizada en Brasil por el aumento de casos graves y muertes. OBJETIVO: Realizar un análisis espacial de los casos probables de dengue en São Luís - MA. MÉTODOS: Estudio ecológico de base poblacional de los casos probables de dengue, notificados en el Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) en 2015 y 2016, ocurridos en el municipio de São Luís - MA. Se georreferenciaron 4.681 casos probables de dengue por sectores censales, se calcularon las tasas de incidencia y se ajustaron mediante el estimador empírico bayesiano local. Para el análisis espacial se utilizó el estimador de densidad Kernel y Moran global y local. RESULTADOS: Se evidenció a través del estimador de densidad Kernel, áreas calientes (de alta densidad) en los sectores censales de la región noroeste del municipio. Las tasas de incidencia se ajustaron mediante la aplicación del método bayesiano empírico local, identificándose una mayor cantidad de setores con incidencia media y alta. A partir del índice global de Moran se evidenció una autocorrelación espacial positiva estadísticamente significativa para las tasas de incidencia de dengue (I=0,69; p<0,001) y para las tasas de incidencia ajustadas por el método bayesiano (I=0,80; p<0,001). Según el índice local de Moran, se identificaron clusters de sectores de alta incidencia de dengue en áreas con alta densidad de población en las regiones noreste y noroeste del municipio. CONCLUSIÓN: La investigación demostró que los estimadores bayesianos ayudaron a minimizar los problemas de infradeclaración y la influencia del tamaño de la población en los sectores censales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Incidence , Dengue/prevention & control , Public Health Surveillance/methods , Spatial Analysis , Public Health/statistics & numerical data , Population Density , Epidemiological Monitoring , Health Information Systems/instrumentation , Census Tract
13.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 46: e63, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36060205

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate whether structural aspects of primary care units (PCUs) and the work processes of primary care teams are associated with the rate of hospitalizations for primary care-sensitive conditions (HPCSC) in children younger than 5 years of age in Brazil. Method: For this longitudinal ecological study, secondary data were obtained from the Brazilian Hospital Information System and from three cycles of the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) (2012, 2014, 2017/2018). The analysis included 42 916 PCUs. A multilevel random intercept model with fixed slope was used. In the first level, the outcome (HPCSC rates) and explanatory variables (structure and process indicators) aggregated by PCU were analyzed. Social determinants (represented by a stratification criterion combining municipality population and health care management indicators) were entered in the second level. The t test with Bonferroni correction was used to compare indicator means between regions, and multilevel linear regression was used to estimate the correlation coefficients. Results: The HPCSC rate in children younger than 5 years was 62.78/100 thousand population per estimated PCU coverage area. A direct association with the outcome was observed for: participation in one or more PMAQ-AB cycles; team planning; special hours; dedicated pediatric care area; and availability of vaccines. Equipment, materials, supplies, and being a small or medium-size municipality were inversely associated with HPCSC. Conclusions: HPCSC rates in children below 5 years of age may potentially be reduced through improvements in PCU structure and process indicators and in municipal social determinants.


Objetivo: Determinar la asociación de la estructura de las unidades básicas de salud (UBS) y del proceso de trabajo de los equipos de atención primaria con los determinantes sociales y las tasas de hospitalización por afecciones que podrían tratarse en la atención primaria en menores de 5 años en Brasil. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal ecológico, con datos secundarios del Sistema de Informaciones Hospitalarias y los tres ciclos del Programa Nacional de Mejora del Acceso y de la Calidad de la Atención Básica (PMAQ-AB) (2012, 2014, 2017-2018). Se analizaron 42.916 UBS. Se aplicó un modelo multinivel con pendiente fija e intercepción aleatoria. En el primer nivel, se analizaron el desenlace (tasas de hospitalización por afecciones que podrían tratarse en los servicios de atención primaria) y las variables explicativas (indicadores estructurales y procedimentales) consolidados por UBS. En el segundo nivel, se incluyeron determinantes sociales municipales (representados por un criterio de estratificación que combina el tamaño del municipio con indicadores que influyen en la gestión de salud). Se utilizó la prueba de la t con la corrección de Bonferroni para comparar las medias de los indicadores entre las regiones y la regresión lineal multinivel para estimar los coeficientes de correlación. Resultados: La tasa de hospitalización por afecciones que podrían tratarse en los servicios de atención primaria en menores de 5 años fue de 62,78/100 mil habitantes por área estimada de cobertura de UBS. Los siguientes factores presentaron una asociación directa con el desenlace: participación en uno o más ciclos del PMAQ-AB; planificación del equipo; horario especial; dependencias de atención infantil en la unidad; y disponibilidad de vacunas. La variable relativa a equipos, materiales e insumos y la clasificación como municipio pequeño o mediano se asociaron inversamente con las hospitalizaciones por afecciones que podrían tratarse en los servicios de atención primaria. Conclusiones: Las hospitalizaciones de menores de 5 años por afecciones que podrían tratarse en los servicios de atención primaria pueden reducirse mejorando los indicadores estructurales y procedimentales de las UBS y los determinantes sociales municipales.

14.
Cien Saude Colet ; 27(6): 2303-2315, 2022 Jun.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35649018

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to develop an intelligible scale to measure the level of supply of best practices in labor, childbirth and delivery in maternity units in the Rede Cegonha (RC) based on the workers' perception. The scale consisted of seventeen items related to best practices, based on the instrument used in the "Evaluation of care during delivery and birth in maternity hospitals in the RC" research The three-parameter logistic model of Item Response Theory was used to create the scale and analyze the items. The scale consisted of three levels. In the first level, there are maternity hospitals that adequately offered strategies for welcoming and encouraging the pregnant woman to circulate during labor. The second level maternity wards also included the adequate offer of the right to a companion of choice, massage, ball and different birth positions. Finally, the third level maternity hospitals also offered an adequate delivery stool, as well as the items already mentioned. The findings of this study showed the contribution of each item in measuring the level of supply of best practices in care for labor, childbirth and delivery and the construction of an intelligible scale to assess RC maternity hospitals.


Este estudo objetivou elaborar uma escala interpretável para mensurar o nível de oferta das boas práticas no trabalho de parto e parto em maternidades da Rede Cegonha (RC) a partir da percepção dos trabalhadores. A escala foi composta por dezessete itens relacionados às boas práticas, obtidos a partir do instrumento utilizado na pesquisa "Avaliação da atenção ao parto e nascimento em maternidades da RC". O modelo logístico de três parâmetros da Teoria de Resposta ao Item foi utilizado para criação da escala e análise dos itens. A escala foi composta por três níveis âncoras. No primeiro nível âncora, tem-se maternidades que ofertavam adequadamente estratégias para o acolhimento e estimulando a gestante a deambular no trabalho de parto. As maternidades do segundo nível incluíram também a oferta adequada do direito a acompanhante de livre escolha da mulher, massagem, bola e diferentes posições de parto. Por fim, têm-se as maternidades do terceiro nível ofereciam também adequadamente banqueta de parto, bem como os itens já citados. Os achados deste estudo mostraram a contribuição de cada item na mensuração do nível de oferta das boas práticas de atenção ao trabalho de parto e parto e a construção de uma escala interpretativa para avaliação das maternidades da RC.


Subject(s)
Labor, Obstetric , Parturition , Female , Hospitals, Maternity , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnant Women
15.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.);27(6): 2303-2315, jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375012

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este estudo objetivou elaborar uma escala interpretável para mensurar o nível de oferta das boas práticas no trabalho de parto e parto em maternidades da Rede Cegonha (RC) a partir da percepção dos trabalhadores. A escala foi composta por dezessete itens relacionados às boas práticas, obtidos a partir do instrumento utilizado na pesquisa "Avaliação da atenção ao parto e nascimento em maternidades da RC". O modelo logístico de três parâmetros da Teoria de Resposta ao Item foi utilizado para criação da escala e análise dos itens. A escala foi composta por três níveis âncoras. No primeiro nível âncora, tem-se maternidades que ofertavam adequadamente estratégias para o acolhimento e estimulando a gestante a deambular no trabalho de parto. As maternidades do segundo nível incluíram também a oferta adequada do direito a acompanhante de livre escolha da mulher, massagem, bola e diferentes posições de parto. Por fim, têm-se as maternidades do terceiro nível ofereciam também adequadamente banqueta de parto, bem como os itens já citados. Os achados deste estudo mostraram a contribuição de cada item na mensuração do nível de oferta das boas práticas de atenção ao trabalho de parto e parto e a construção de uma escala interpretativa para avaliação das maternidades da RC.


Abstract This study aimed to develop an intelligible scale to measure the level of supply of best practices in labor, childbirth and delivery in maternity units in the Rede Cegonha (RC) based on the workers' perception. The scale consisted of seventeen items related to best practices, based on the instrument used in the "Evaluation of care during delivery and birth in maternity hospitals in the RC" research The three-parameter logistic model of Item Response Theory was used to create the scale and analyze the items. The scale consisted of three levels. In the first level, there are maternity hospitals that adequately offered strategies for welcoming and encouraging the pregnant woman to circulate during labor. The second level maternity wards also included the adequate offer of the right to a companion of choice, massage, ball and different birth positions. Finally, the third level maternity hospitals also offered an adequate delivery stool, as well as the items already mentioned. The findings of this study showed the contribution of each item in measuring the level of supply of best practices in care for labor, childbirth and delivery and the construction of an intelligible scale to assess RC maternity hospitals.

16.
Cien Saude Colet ; 27(4): 1581-1594, 2022 Apr.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35475837

ABSTRACT

The objective was to estimate the proportion of women with a full-time companion in Brazilian maternities linked to the Rede Cegonha (RC) and to compare them between the macro-regions in Brazil. A nationwide study, carried out from December/2016 to October/2017. 10,665 puerperal women from all regions of Brazil participated in the study, who gave birth at one of 606 maternity hospitals with a regional action plan approved by RC. Proportions and respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated, adjusted for the cluster effect, by comparing the macro-regions using Wald's chi-square test. The presence of a full-time companion occurred in 71.2% of maternities, being higher among women aged 20-35 years, brown-skinned, with higher education, married, and assisted in vaginal delivery. Almost 30% of puerperal women did not have a full-time companion. In the Southeast and Midwest regions, self-declared black women, with less schooling and unmarried women were less accompanied. The moment of delivery had less presence of the companion (29.2%). Despite the advances, this right is still not fully fulfilled, pointing to the occurrence of social inequities among Brazilian macro-regions.


Objetivou-se estimar a proporção de mulheres com acompanhante em tempo integral em maternidades brasileiras vinculadas à Rede Cegonha (RC) e compará-las entre as macrorregiões no Brasil. Estudo de abrangência nacional, realizado no período de dezembro de 2016 a outubro de 2017. Participaram do estudo 10.665 puérperas de todas as regiões do Brasil, que pariram em uma das 606 maternidades com plano de ação regional aprovado na RC. Foram estimadas proporções e respectivos intervalos de confiança a 95%, ajustados para o efeito do cluster, comparando-se as macrorregiões pelo teste Qui-quadrado de Wald. A presença do acompanhante em tempo integral ocorreu em 71,2% das maternidades, sendo maior entre puérperas com idade de 20-35 anos, de cor parda, com maior escolaridade, casadas e assistidas em parto vaginal. Quase 30% das puérperas não tiveram acompanhante em tempo integral. Nas regiões Sudeste e Centro-Oeste, mulheres pretas autodeclaradas, de menor escolaridade e solteiras foram menos acompanhadas. O momento do parto teve menor presença do acompanhante (29,2%). Apesar dos avanços, este direito ainda não é cumprido integralmente, apontando para a ocorrência de iniquidades sociais entre as macrorregiões brasileiras.


Subject(s)
Delivery, Obstetric , Hospitals, Maternity , Brazil/epidemiology , Educational Status , Female , Humans , Male , Postpartum Period , Pregnancy
17.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.);27(4): 1581-1594, abr. 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1374939

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivou-se estimar a proporção de mulheres com acompanhante em tempo integral em maternidades brasileiras vinculadas à Rede Cegonha (RC) e compará-las entre as macrorregiões no Brasil. Estudo de abrangência nacional, realizado no período de dezembro de 2016 a outubro de 2017. Participaram do estudo 10.665 puérperas de todas as regiões do Brasil, que pariram em uma das 606 maternidades com plano de ação regional aprovado na RC. Foram estimadas proporções e respectivos intervalos de confiança a 95%, ajustados para o efeito do cluster, comparando-se as macrorregiões pelo teste Qui-quadrado de Wald. A presença do acompanhante em tempo integral ocorreu em 71,2% das maternidades, sendo maior entre puérperas com idade de 20-35 anos, de cor parda, com maior escolaridade, casadas e assistidas em parto vaginal. Quase 30% das puérperas não tiveram acompanhante em tempo integral. Nas regiões Sudeste e Centro-Oeste, mulheres pretas autodeclaradas, de menor escolaridade e solteiras foram menos acompanhadas. O momento do parto teve menor presença do acompanhante (29,2%). Apesar dos avanços, este direito ainda não é cumprido integralmente, apontando para a ocorrência de iniquidades sociais entre as macrorregiões brasileiras.


Abstract The objective was to estimate the proportion of women with a full-time companion in Brazilian maternities linked to the Rede Cegonha (RC) and to compare them between the macro-regions in Brazil. A nationwide study, carried out from December/2016 to October/2017. 10,665 puerperal women from all regions of Brazil participated in the study, who gave birth at one of 606 maternity hospitals with a regional action plan approved by RC. Proportions and respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated, adjusted for the cluster effect, by comparing the macro-regions using Wald's chi-square test. The presence of a full-time companion occurred in 71.2% of maternities, being higher among women aged 20-35 years, brown-skinned, with higher education, married, and assisted in vaginal delivery. Almost 30% of puerperal women did not have a full-time companion. In the Southeast and Midwest regions, self-declared black women, with less schooling and unmarried women were less accompanied. The moment of delivery had less presence of the companion (29.2%). Despite the advances, this right is still not fully fulfilled, pointing to the occurrence of social inequities among Brazilian macro-regions.

18.
Saúde debate ; 46(133): 376-391, jan.-abr. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1390355

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi identificar desigualdades macrorregionais relacionadas à estrutura e ao processo de trabalho para o atendimento do Diabetes Mellitus (DM) na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) ao longo dos três ciclos do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, longitudinal, de abrangência nacional, com dados secundários dos três ciclos do PMAQ-AB. Os dados foram comparados entre as macrorregiões brasileiras utilizando o teste t com a correção de Bonferroni. As regiões Norte e Nordeste apresentaram os menores percentuais de adequação nos itens de estrutura: dependências da unidade (<74%), acessibilidade ao cadeirante (<63%), horário especial de funcionamento (<16%), equipe ampliada (<12%) e insumos (<89%) em todos os ciclos do PMAQ-AB, quando comparadas às demais regiões. Já os itens relacionados ao processo de trabalho apresentaram pouca variação entre as regiões, e os que apresentaram percentuais médios ≤ 75% de adequação foram: agenda especializada (41%, 33%, 41%), apoio matricial (58%, 72%, 70%), oferta e resolubilidade de ações (62%, 64%, 75%) e educação permanente (35%, 42%, 58%). Ainda existe a necessidade de investimentos na estrutura e em melhorias no processo de trabalho das equipes, principalmente nas macrorregiões Norte e Nordeste.


ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify macro-regional structure and work process inequalities for Diabetes Mellitus (DM) treatment in Primary Health Care (PHC) throughout the three cycles of the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) in Brazil. This ecological, longitudinal, nationwide study employed secondary data from the three PMAQ-AB cycles. The data were compared between the Brazilian macro-regions using the t-test with Bonferroni correction. The North and Northeast had the lowest percentages of adequacy in the structure items: unit premises (<74%), wheelchair user accessibility (<63%), special opening hours (<16%), expanded teams (<12%), and supplies (<89%) in all PMAQ-AB cycles when compared to other regions. The items related to the work process barely varied between regions, and those with mean adequacy percentages ≤ 75% were specialized agenda (41%, 33%, 41%), matrix support (58%, 72%, 70 %), offer and resolution of actions (62%, 64%, 75%) and continuing education (35%, 42%, 58%). Investments are still required in the structure and improvement in the teams' work process, especially in the North and Northeast macro-regions.

19.
Rev Bras Epidemiol ; 25: e220002, 2022.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35170680

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To identify spatial patterns in cases of changes in growth and development related to Zika virus infection and other infectious etiologies (denominated Zika virus congenital syndrome in this study) reported in Maranhão from 2015 to 2018 and their relation with socioeconomic and demographic variables. METHODS: Ecological study of notified Zika virus congenital syndrome cases in the 217 cities of Maranhão, Brasil. Spatial autocorrelation was calculated using GeoDa 1.14 software and the local and global (I) Moran's index in univariate and bivariate analyses on Zika virus congenital syndrome incidence rate with Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI), population density, Gini coefficient and the cities' time of administrative political emancipation. Local Moran's Index was calculated to identify clusters with significant spatial autocorrelation. RESULTS: Spatial autocorrelation was checked in univariate analysis of the incidence rate of Zika virus congenital syndrome (I=0,494; p=0,001) and positive correlation in bivariate analysis of the incidence rate with Municipal Human Development Index (I=0,252; p=0,001), population density (I=0,338; p=0,001) and the cities' time of administrative political emancipation (I=0,134; p=0,001). The correlation between incidence rate with Gini coefficient was not significant (I= -0,033; p=0,131). Five high-incidence clusters were found in distinct areas of the state. CONCLUSIONS: Cities with higher MHDI, higher population density and more years of administrative political emancipation had more cases of Zika virus congenital syndrome notified.


OBJETIVO: Identificar padrões espaciais em casos de lactentes com alterações de crescimento e desenvolvimento relacionadas à infecção pelo vírus Zika e outras etiologias infecciosas (neste trabalho denominado de síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika), notificados no Maranhão de 2015 a 2018 e sua relação com variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico de casos suspeitos notificados de síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika nos 217 municípios do Maranhão, Brasil. Calculou-se a autocorrelação espacial pelos índices de Moran local e global (I) univariado e bivariado da taxa de detecção de casos suspeitos de síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika com índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal, densidade demográfica, índice de Gini e tempo de emancipação político-administrativa dos municípios. O índice de Moran local foi calculado para localizar clusters com autocorrelação espacial significativa. RESULTADOS: Houve autocorrelação espacial na análise univariada da taxa municipal de detecção de casos suspeitos de síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika (I=0,494; p=0,001) e, na análise bivariada, correlação positiva da taxa de detecção de casos suspeitos com índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal (I=0,252; p=0,001), densidade demográfica (I=0,338; p=0,001) e tempo de emancipação dos municípios (I=0,134; p=0,001). Não houve correlação significativa da taxa de detecção de casos suspeitos com o índice de Gini (I= -0,033; p=0,131). Cinco clusters de alta detecção de casos suspeitos foram encontrados em áreas distintas do estado. CONCLUSÕES: Os municípios com maior índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal, maior densidade demográfica e mais tempo de emancipação político-administrativa tiveram mais casos suspeitos notificados de síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika.


Subject(s)
Zika Virus Infection , Zika Virus , Brazil/epidemiology , Humans , Incidence , Spatial Analysis , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology
20.
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol ; 50(1): 48-57, 2022 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34967965

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To identify changes in the dental service provision to people with disabilities (PD) in the Dental Specialties Centers (acronym CEO in Portuguese-Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas) between the first and second cycles of the Program for the Improvement of Access and Quality of CEO and analyse factors associated with any changes. METHODS: This nationwide ecological time series study adopted the CEO as the analysis unit. The 827 CEO who participated in the two program's cycles (2014 and 2018) were included. Data on the structure and the work process were considered to identify features of providing services to PD in both cycles. Latent transition analysis (LTA) was performed to identify latent status (LS) with similar features and model the transition between LS over time. Models with five variables and with two to five LS were tested, considered best conceptual interpretability and best model fit parameters: human resources structure (dentist working exclusively with PD) and work process that identified guarantee of PD treatment at the CEO, the CEO's interface with primary care, and the interface with tertiary care. Spatial analysis was performed to identify spatial patterns of LS in the Brazilian territory with choropleth maps. A multinomial logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with changes in the provision of CEO (improved, remained or worsened). FINDINGS: The best-fit model identified four LS: 'Better', 'Medium better', 'Medium worse' and 'Worse'. CEO remained in the LS 'Better' (94%), LS 'Medium' (5.3%) and LS 'Worse' (78.4%). It is noteworthy that the highest proportion of CEO, in both cycles, was in the LS 'Better', featured by the CEO, characterized by all the CEO guaranteeing treatment to users with PD, high proportions of professionals working exclusively with PD, and most CEO articulated with primary care and with tertiary care. However, there is a decrease in the number of postgraduate professionals specializing in this service profile (1.3%). The higher the population growth, the greater the likelihood of the CEO achieving 'improved' in the LS. Moreover, the higher the number of goals, the lower the likelihood of the CEO getting 'worse' in the LS. CONCLUSION: Advances in dental service provision were observed, with more significant transitions to the 'Better' class, with improvements mainly in the interface with primary and tertiary care. Disability will be an even more significant concern as the population ages. Initiatives that can remove barriers and empower PD are potent in the provision of oral health services.


Subject(s)
Disabled Persons , Oral Health , Brazil , Delivery of Health Care , Dental Care , Humans
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