Assessment of Nutritional Intake in Patients With Kidney Failure Treated by Haemodialysis on Dialysis and Non-dialysis Days.

INTRODUCTION/AIMS/OBJECTIVE: Inadequate nutritional intake in haemodialysis (HD) patients increases the risk of muscle wasting, nutrient deficiencies, leading to an increased risk of additional morbidity and mortality. We aimed to assess nutritional intake on the dialysis day and nondialysis day (NDD) of patients established on HD. METHODS: We employed a 2-day dietary record, one on the day of dialysis and one on the NDD, and then determined nutritional intake using the Nutritics software. Muscle strength was assessed by hand grip strength, and the body composition was determined using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance recorded postdialysis. RESULTS: We recruited 51 established HD patients dialysing between May 2022 and July 2022, of mean age 60 ± 15 years, 52.9% male, and 51% diabetic. Only 25% achieved the calorie and protein intake recommended by Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative. Most patients had inadequate consumption of fiber (96%), calcium (86%), iron (80%), zinc (82%), selenium (92%), folate (82%), vitamin A (88%), and (100%) vitamin D. On the other hand, the great majority followed the restriction guidelines for potassium (96%), phosphorus (86%), and sodium (84%), respectively. However, consumption was greater for potassium (P = .007), phosphorus (P = .015), and zinc (P = .032) on NDDs versus dialysis days, but there was no difference in protein or calorie intake between days. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that many of our HD patients do not achieve the recommended nutritional targets. Patient compliance with restricting sodium, potassium, and phosphate limits protein and calorie intake. HD patients are at increased risk of sarcopenia, so failure to achieve dietary protein intake will further increase this risk.

Does Dietary Intake Differ in Kidney Failure Patients With Sarcopenia and Frailty Treated by Hemodialysis.

Background: Inadequate nutrition is common for both sarcopenia and frailty. We investigated whether hemodialysis patients with sarcopenia and frailty have reduced dietary intakes. Methods: Dietary intake, and physical activity were analyzed, along with body composition and relevant clinical data. Results: We studied 51 hemodialysis patients; 52.9% male, age 60 ± 15 years; 33.3% sarcopenic, and 72.5% frail. Dietary protein and calories were similar for sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients 0.68 (0.38-3.5) vs. 0.68 (0.18-2.9) g protein/kg/day and 19.2 (8.2-77.5) vs. 15.2 (6.2-38.5) kcal/kg/day. More sarcopenic patients had low physical activity (88.2% vs. 58.8%, X2 4.6, p = .03). Frail and non-frail patients had similar intakes 0.67 (0.28-3.5) versus 0.83 (0.18-1.6) g protein/kg/day and 15.5 (8.1-77.5) vs. 18.8 (6.2-45.4) kcal/kg/day. Sarcopenia was associated with age [Odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.02, 1.18], p = .017], body mass index [OR 0.84, 95% CI [0.71, 0.99], p = .042] and lack of exercise [OR 7.62, 95% CI [1.16, 50.29], p = .035]. Frailty was associated with female gender [OR 17.79, 95% CI [2.09, 151.59], p = .008], age [OR 1.13, 95% CI [1.04, 1.22], p = .006], and dialysis vintage [OR 1.55, 95% CI [1.06, 2.26], p = .024]. Conclusion: Hemodialysis patients with sarcopenia and frailty did not have lower dietary protein and calorie intake. Frailty was associated with age and sarcopenia with a sedentary lifestyle.