Comparison of the analgesic effects of dezocine, tramadol and butorphanol after cesarean section.

At present, the drugs used in the field of postoperative analgesia are mainly opioids. The three analgesics selected in this study are opioid receptor agonists, but opioids are easy to produce adverse reactions. In this study, the visual analogue score of resting pain and dynamic pain at two time points of 4 hours and 12 hours was observed in group B and group C were higher than that in group A (P<0.05), indicating that the analgesic effect of dezocine was better. Follow up observation of adverse reactions, dezocine group patients had fewer adverse reactions (P<0.05). It can be seen that although there are certain differences in the mechanism of these three drugs, there are some relevant evidence that all three drugs can be used safely and effectively for postoperative obstetric analgesia.

Correlation between evolution of inclusions and pitting corrosion in 304 stainless steel with yttrium addition.

Effects of the evolution of inclusions on the pitting corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel with different contents of the rare-earth element yttrium (Y) were studied using thermodynamic calculations, accelerated immersion tests, and electrochemical measurements. The experimental results showed that regular Y2O3 inclusions demonstrated the best pitting resistance, followed in sequence by (Al,Mn)O inclusions, the composite inclusions, and irregular Y2O3 inclusions. The pitting resistance first decreased, then increased, and then decreased again with increasing Y content, because sulfide inclusions were easily generated when the Y content was low and YN inclusions were easily generated at higher Y contents. The best pitting corrosion resistance was obtained for 304 stainless steel with addition of 0.019% Y.

Hierarchical self-assembly of squaraine and silica nanoparticle functionalized with cationic coordination sites for near infrared detection of ATP.

Optical activity of hierarchical supramolecular assemblies based on organic dyes would create multiple functional architectures. In this work, three kinds of silica nanoparticles with or without functional groups were synthesized. For the first time, silica nanoparticles can induce positively charged squaraine (SQ) to aggregate to form supramolecular assemblies. Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) as building blocks was absorbed on the surface of silica nanoparticles through metal-anion coordination and electrostatic interactions, in which the aggregates of SQ was transferred to monomer. The thickness being composed of ATP and SQ on the outside of nanoparticles is about 5 nm. These supramolecular assemblies showed selective turn-on fluorescence response to ATP in near infrared (NIR) region over other ions through metal-anion coordination and electrostatic interactions. These functional silica nanoparticles possessing many advantages provide proof-of-principle "seed crystals" for construction of supramolecular assemblies and platforms for sensing with facile performance.