[24-hour arterial hypertension profile and heart rhythm variability in patients with arterial hypertension and NIDDM]. / Vzaimosviaz' pokazatelei sutochnogo profilia arterial'nogo davleniia i variabil'nosti ritma serdtsa u bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertenziei s insulinonezavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

The study covered 72 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) whose mean age was 54.2 +/- 0.8 years, duration of the disease 8.6 +/- 3.6 years. They had also mild or moderate arterial hypertension mean duration of which was 12.4 +/- 4.3 years. The examination of the patients consisted of 24-h arterial pressure (AP) monitoring, Holter ECG monitoring, cardiointervalography. For eight weeks 19 patients received enalapril (5-20 mg/day), 14 patients were given felodipin (5-10 mg/day) and 15 patients were treated with valsartan (80-160 mg/day). Enhanced activity of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertensive subjects with NIDDM raises daily average values of systolic and diastolic AP, variability and speed of AP morning rise. In NIDDM patients with moderate arterial hypertension vegetative regulation of AP was more stressed than in mild hypertension. Optimal medication of NIDDM patients' arterial hypertension may consist of ACE inhibitors and antagonists of angiotensin II receptors. These drug lower stress of the sympathetic nervous system and thus promote normalization of daily profile of AP.

[Vegetative regulation of arterial pressure in patients with arterial hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)]. / Vegetativnaia reguliatsiia arterial'nogo davleniia u bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertoniei s insulinnezavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

72 patients with NIDDM (duration 5.3 +/- 3.1 years) aged 41-60 years were examined. They had also mild or moderate hypertension (duration 12.1 +/- 4.5). Control groups consisted of 15 NIDDM patients free of hypertension, 15 hypertensive patients without diabetes, 15 healthy subjects. All the patients have undergone 24-h monitoring of arterial pressure (APM) and computed cardiointervalography (CIG). As shown by CIG, hypertensive patients with NIDDM had sympathotonia which resulted from hypofunction of parasympathetic and hyperfunction of the sympathetic nervous systems. APM demonstrated enhanced variability of arterial pressure and its inadequate fall at night in patients of this group and normotensive patients with diabetes.

[Genetic control of isolating mechanisms in the genus Drosophila]. / Geneticheskii kontrol' izoliruiushchikh mekhanizmov v rode Drosophila.

Published data on the genetic control of isolating mechanisms in the genus Drosophila are discussed. The main isolation types of genetic mechanisms (ecological isolation, behavioral isolation, hybrid sterility, and the inviability or impaired development of interspecific hybrids) are considered. It is shown that each of the isolation barriers between different species is controlled by a small number of genes. However, as each pair of sibling species is usually separated by several barriers, the total number of isolation genes is about 20 to 30. The probable sequence of events in the appearance of isolation barriers during the divergence of novel species is discussed. A concept of the consolidation of a new species is proposed. This concept is based on the assumption of the genetic determination of behavior that promotes crossing between individuals of the new genotype and constrains their crosses with individuals of the ancestral genotype.

[Cerebral form of glutamate dehydrogenase activity in autonomic paroxysms (attacks of panic)]. / Aktivnost' mozgovoi formy glutamatdegidrogenazy pri vegetativnykh paroksizmakh (panicheskikh atakakh).

A study was made of the activity of the cerebral form of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in 59 patients suffering from vegetative paroxysms (VP), 8 patients with multiple sclerosis and 15 normal test subjects. As compared to the normal test subjects, the patients with VP manifested higher activity and lability of the enzyme. The patients with VP demonstrating the "labile" and "stable" enzyme were subjected to a clinicopsychological analysis which revealed a graver disease course and more pronounced anxiety in the group with the "stable" enzyme. The role of GDH in the pathogenesis of VP is under discussion.

[Dynamics of cAMP contents and cAMP-binding capacity of tissue in the healing of different types of wound in animal experiments]. / Dinamika soderzhaniia tsAMF u tsAMF-sviazyvaiushchei sposobnosti tkani pri zazhivlenii ran razlichnogo kharaktera v éksperimente.

The paper considers the alterations in the cAMP and cAMP-binding capacity of proteins in the tissues of aseptic and infected wounds on 220 experimental Wistar male rats weighing 200-210 g. Variations of cyclic nucleotide levels in the time course of wound healing have been found to be dependent on the ratio between free and bound forms of cyclic nucleotides. There are stated the differences in the cAMP level range that arise from a variety of reasons during the healing of infected and aseptic wounds.

Genetics of the sex ratio anomaly in Drosophila hybrids of the Virilis group.

A study was made of the effect of genotype and temperature (25 and 17°C) on sex ratio in the hybrids D. virilis Sturt. X D. littoralis Sokolov. A genetic system has been found controlling sex-differential viability. In the F1 of the reciprocal hybrids D. virilis X D. littoralis the sex ratio is normal, though at 17°C females are slightly excessive. The abnormal sex ratio is observed only in the progeny of test crosses.The major gene causing the death of female progeny of the cross ♀ [♂ (♀, ♂ D. virilis x ♂, ♀ D. littoralis) x ♀ D. virilis] x ♂ D. littoralis is located on chromosome 2 of D. virilis. It is expressed as a lethal if chromosome 5 is heterogeneous virilis-littoralis. Chromosome 3 of D. virilis bears a modifier-enhancer and chromosome 5, a suppressor, of this lethal found in chromosome 2. This genetic system has a maternal effect and functions at 25°C, interacting with the X-chromosome of D. littoralis. If the maintainance temperature is lowered to 17°C, the progeny of the cross 'hybrid ♀ FB1 x ♂ D. littoralis' is predominantly female. Partial death of males is accounted for by a disturbance in the interaction between the genes of X-chromosome in certain combinations with the D. virilis autosomes and the Y-chromosome of the paternal species D. littoralis.Sex-differential mortality in the hybrids D. virilis x D. littoralis is one of the isolating factors between these species which does not appear to act until the second and subsequent F1 generations due to the formation of the recombination load.

[Viability at different stages of development and early embryogenesis of Drosophila virilis and D. littoralis and their hybrids]. / Vyzhivaemost' na raznykh stadiiakh razvitiia i rannii émbriogenez Drosophila virilis i D. littoralis i ikh gibridov

The low percentage of larval hatching both in the initial lines and the hybrids of direct and back crosses was shown to be due to the low fertilizability of eggs. A study of early embryogenesis, up to the gastrulation, has shown that the F1 hybrids (female D. virilis x male D. littoralis) develop at a lesser rate than both the parental species. Some embryos of these latter attain the stage of blastoderm syncytium for 2 hrs whereas the hybrid embryos attain only the stage of polynuclear syncytium.

[Temperature sensitivity of genes controlling chromosome elimination in Drosophila hybrids]. / Temperaturnaia chuvstvitel'nost' genov, kontroliruiushchikh éliminatsiiu khromosom u gibridov Drosophila

The thermosensitivity and thermosensitive period of the genes controlling the elimination of the 6th chromosome of D. littoralis in the hybrids male D. virillis X female D. littoralis were studied. The appearance of flies with the mutation glossy (mosaics and haplo-6-flies) served as a criterion of chromosome elimination. The genes under study were shown to be cold-sensitive, monophasic. The thermosensitive period lasts 2.5 hrs after egg laying--from the 1st cleavage division till the beginning of migration of the nuclei in the egg cortex. The appearance of almost 100% of haplo-6-flies at at 17 degrees is accounted for by the synchronous elimination of the 6th chromosome of D. littoralis during the first 3 cleavage divisions. The appearance of mosaics at 25 degrees is accounted for by the asynchronous chromosome elimination.

Genetic regulation of chromosome behaviour in interspecific hybrids of Drosophila.

When crossing Drosophila virilis females with D. littoralis males, the elimination of D. littoralis sixth chromosome (microchromosomes) was often observed. The absence of the sixth chromosome of D. littoralis was revealed when studying F1 hybrids, because of the mosaic expression of the recessive gene "gl", located in the sixth chromosome of D. virilis. In the reciprocal cross the elimination of the sixth chromosome of D. littoralis did not take place (Sokolov 1959).Genetic analysis enabled the authors to conclude that the observed maternal effect on mitosis is controlled by recessive genes located on the second and fourth chromosome of D. virilis. The genes located on the second chromosome, differ from those on the fourth chromosome both in temperature sensitivity and in the time and/ or the mechanism controlling the mitotic behaviour of the chromosomes.By means of back-crosses a new stock was established where all chromosomes except the sixth belonged to D. virilis. The sixth pair (microchromosomes) in this line was represented by one D. virilis and one D. littoralis chromosome. It was shown that the sixth chromosome of D. littoralis might be eliminated or undergo non-disjunction in D. virilis germline but the frequency of such atypical behaviour was very low (about 2 %). Low temperature treatment was not effective for increasing the frequency of either elimination or non-disjunction of the D. littoralis sixth chromosome in D. virilis germ-line.

Change in the maternal effect in Drosophila hybrids at low temperatures.

Interspecies Drosophila hybrids of the virilis group were used to study the maternal effect (expression of the recessive glossy mutation when females of D. virilis strains carrying this mutation are crossed with D. littoralis males of the wild type) at low temperatures. The maternal effect was found to be intensified by a factor of four at 17 degrees and there was also an increase in the incidence of haplo-6 individuals (95%, as against 26% at 25 degrees), apparently as a result of the increased frequency of elimination of the 6th D. littoralis chromosome during cleavage division I.

Role of the female genotype in the formation of structural anomalies in the organs of Drosophila virilis female times D. litoralis male hybrids.

The role of the female genotype of Drosophila virilis in the formation of structural anomalies of the organs in the progeny after crossing with D. litoralis males was studied. The frequency of appearance and the character of the anomalies are shown to depend on the genotype of the original maternal line.