ABSTRACT
Masticatory function is significantly lower in individuals with malocclusion than in those with normal occlusion. Although several studies suggest that masticatory function influences gastrointestinal digestive function, the relationship between malocclusion and gastrointestinal symptoms has not been studied extensively. We hypothesised that insufficient masticatory function would increase the functional burden of the stomach and have some influence on the gastrointestinal system. The purpose of this study was to investigate masticatory function and gastric emptying rate in subjects with malocclusion. Eleven healthy dentate female volunteers and eleven female patients with maloc-clusion underwent a (13) C-acetate breath test with a liquid meal. Maximum (13) CO2 exhalation time (Tmax ) was compared statistically between both groups. Masticatory function was assessed by colour-changeable chewing gum. In addition, the frequency scale for the symptoms of gastroeso-phageal reflux disease (FSSG) and questionnaires on food intake were given to both groups. The mean Tmax of the malocclusion group was significantly longer than that of the normal occlusion group (P = 0·007). Masticatory performance, measured by colour-changeable gum and questionnaires, was significantly lower in the malocclusion group than in the normal occlusion group (P = 0·023, P = 0·003). There was no significant difference in the FSSG results between the two groups (P = 0·262). This study suggested that there was a correlation between malocclusion and gastric emptying function in women.
Subject(s)
Carbon Dioxide/analysis , Gastric Emptying/physiology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/physiopathology , Malocclusion/physiopathology , Mastication/physiology , Acetates , Adult , Breath Tests/methods , Carbon Radioisotopes , Chewing Gum , Exhalation/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultSubject(s)
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Intestinal Diseases/etiology , Scurvy/complications , Scurvy/diagnosis , Stomach Diseases/etiology , Arthralgia/etiology , Endoscopy, Digestive System , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/pathology , Humans , Intestinal Diseases/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Purpura/etiology , Scurvy/therapyABSTRACT
The hypothesis of helper T (T(h))1/T(h)2 cytokine balance proposed by Mosmann and Coffman is often invoked to explain the development of inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Recently, however, a newly identified class of T(h) cells-T(h)17 cells, which produce T(h)17 family cytokines-has been recognized as an essential subpopulation in the development of almost all kinds of human and animal inflammatory diseases, rather than T(h)1 and T(h)2 cells. A representative T(h)17 family cytokine, interleukin (IL)-17A, is produced by not only T(h)17 cells, but also by other types of cells, such as T-cell receptor γδ T cells, natural killer (NK) T cells, NK cells, myeloid cells, and innate lymphoid cells, which may also be critically involved in the initiation and persistence of IBD. Here we review recent advances in the study of such IL-17A-producing cells in the pathogenesis of IBD.
Subject(s)
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology , Interleukin-17/immunology , Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/immunology , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology , Th17 Cells/immunology , Animals , Humans , Immunity, Mucosal , Inflammation Mediators/immunology , Intestines/immunology , Myeloid Cells/immunology , Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology , Th1-Th2 BalanceABSTRACT
A case of bilateral stress fractures of the ulnae in a Kendo (Japanese fencing) player is reported; the mechanism of the fractures, particularly the difference in the site of fracture between the right and left ulna, is discussed.
Subject(s)
Athletic Injuries/etiology , Fractures, Stress/etiology , Ulna Fractures/etiology , Adolescent , Athletic Injuries/diagnosis , Diagnostic Imaging , Follow-Up Studies , Fracture Healing , Fractures, Stress/diagnosis , Humans , Japan , Male , Ulna Fractures/diagnosisABSTRACT
Micro-imaging displays of the anterior segment of the eye, such as of the anterior chamber angle, iris, ciliary body, ciliary zonule of Zinn, and anterior surface of the crystalline lens, were obtained in human eyes in vivo by means of a recently developed, high-frequency, high-resolution ultrasonic diagnostic unit (30 MHz). Much clearer displays than conventional ultrasonic imaging displays (5-15 MHz) were obtained, showing improved resolution, and greater morphologic diagnostic information was provided. Displays considered useful for making measurements were also provided. The subjects were 20 normal volunteers (35 eyes), 36 patients with glaucoma (58 eyes), 6 patients with uveal diseases (6 eyes), and 28 patients with pseudophakia (32 eyes). The equipment used was a model UX-02 ultrasonic diagnostic unit (RION), and the transducer was the three-element annular array type. The frequency was 30 MHz, the resolution was below 50 microns, and tissue penetration was 6 mm. This method enabled close ultrasound biomicroscopic imaging observations of details of the anterior and posterior chambers of the eyes in vivo and was also useful for clinical diagnosis and elucidation of the cause of glaucoma of various types. It also for the first time enabled evaluation of the position of fixation of an intraocular lens loop in the pseudophakic eyes containing an intraocular lens.