ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to analyze the association of the TLR2 (Toll-like receptor 2 gene) 2258G>A (rs5743708), TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4 gene) 896A>G (rs4986790), and TLR4 1196C>T (rs4986791) polymorphisms with dental caries in Polish children. The participants, 261 15-year-old children, were divided into two groups: 82 cases (i.e., children with DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) index >5, having either moderate or high caries experience, assigned as the "higher" caries experience group) and 179 controls (i.e., children with DMFT ≤ 5, having either low or very low caries experience, assigned as the "lower" caries experience group). Genomic DNA was isolated from buccal swabs, and genotyping was determined by means of real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction). There were no significant differences in the genotype or allele distributions in all tested SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) between children with "higher" caries experience and those with "lower" caries experience. TLR4 haplotype frequencies did not differ significantly between cases and controls. In an additional analysis with another case definition applied (subjects with DMFT ≥ 1 were assigned as "cases", whereas children with DMFT = 0 were assigned as "controls"), no significant differences in the TLR2 and TLR4 genotype, allele frequencies, and TLR4 haplotype frequencies were found between the case and the control groups. The results of the present study broaden our knowledge on the potential genetic factors that might affect caries risk and suggest that TLR2 rs5743708 and TLR4 rs4986790 and rs4986791 SNPs are not associated with dental caries susceptibility in Polish children.
Subject(s)
Dental Caries , Gene Frequency , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Toll-Like Receptor 2 , Toll-Like Receptor 4 , Humans , Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics , Toll-Like Receptor 2/genetics , Dental Caries/genetics , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Poland/epidemiology , Male , Female , Adolescent , Case-Control Studies , Child , Genotype , Haplotypes , AllelesABSTRACT
External cervical resorption is a type of pathological root resorption that is often asymptomatic. It leads to progressive loss of dental hard tissues while the pulp usually remains vital. The first symptom reported by a patient may be a pink shadow at an esthetic zone. This case report describes the treatment of external cervical resorption of a first upper incisor according to the new classification, treatment and management methods introduced in 2018. After 30 months the endodontic treatment was performed due to pulp necrosis and symptomatic apical periodontitis.