Droplet Micro-Sensor and Detection of Respiratory Droplet Transmission.

Droplet transmission is the primary infection route for respiratory diseases like COVID-19 and influenza, but small and low-cost wearable droplet detection devices are a significant challenge. Herein, a respiratory droplet micro-sensor based on graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) assembled onto SiO2 microspheres by the nebulized natural deposition is presented. Benefiting from the energy dissipation of the microsphere to droplets, the sensor can detect droplets as far as 2 m from coughing. With this sensor, droplet signal variations caused by some factors like distance, speech, angles, and wind directions are explored, and the effectiveness of different protective measures in preventing droplet transmission is evaluated. This droplet detection technology is expected to be utilized for the development of personal detection and protection devices against infectious respiratory diseases.

A dynamic online nomogram predicting prostate cancer short-term prognosis based on 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT of periprostatic adipose tissue: a multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels following radical prostatectomy are indicative of a poor prognosis, which may associate with periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT). Accordingly, we aimed to construct a dynamic online nomogram to predict tumor short-term prognosis based on 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT of PPAT. METHODS: Data from 268 prostate cancer (PCa) patients who underwent 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT before prostatectomy were analyzed retrospectively for model construction and validation (training cohort: n = 156; internal validation cohort: n = 65; external validation cohort: n = 47). Radiomics features (RFs) from PET and CT were extracted. Then, the Rad-score was constructed using logistic regression analysis based on the 25 optimal RFs selected through maximal relevance and minimal redundancy, as well as the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. A nomogram was constructed to predict short-term prognosis which determined by persistent PSA. RESULTS: The Rad-score consisting of 25 RFs showed good discrimination for classifying persistent PSA in all cohorts (all P < 0.05). Based on the logistic analysis, the radiomics-clinical combined model, which contained the optimal RFs and the predictive clinical variables, demonstrated optimal performance at an AUC of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.78-0.91), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.62-0.91) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.70-0.93) in the training, internal validation and external validation cohorts. In all cohorts, the calibration curve was well-calibrated. Analysis of decision curves revealed greater clinical utility for the radiomics-clinical combined nomogram. CONCLUSION: The radiomics-clinical combined nomogram serves as a novel tool for preoperative individualized prediction of short-term prognosis among PCa patients.

Nanoparticles targeting the adenosine pathway for cancer immunotherapy.

Cancer immunotherapy, as an emerging approach to cancer treatment, has tremendous potential for application. Compared to traditional methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, it has the ability to restore the patient's immune system, leading to long-term immune memory with less damage to normal tissues. However, immunotherapy has its limitations, including limited therapeutic efficacy, restricted patient populations, and inconsistent treatment responses. Finding effective immunotherapeutic approaches has become a key focus of its clinical application. The adenosine pathway is a recently discovered tumor immune regulatory signaling pathway. It can influence the metabolism and growth of tumor cells by acting through key enzymes in the adenosine pathway, thereby affecting the development of tumors. Therefore, inhibiting the adenosine pathway is an effective cancer immunotherapy. Common adenosine pathway inhibitors include small molecules and antibody proteins, and extensive preclinical trials have demonstrated their effectiveness in inhibiting tumor growth. The short half-life, low bioavailability, and single administration route of adenosine pathway inhibitors limit their clinical application. With the advent of nanotechnology, nano-delivery of adenosine pathway inhibitors has addressed these issues. Compared to traditional drugs, nano-drugs extend the drug's circulation time and improve its distribution within the body. They also offer targeting capabilities and have low toxic side effects, making them very promising for future applications. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of the adenosine pathway in tumor immune suppression, the clinical applications of adenosine pathway inhibitors, and nano-delivery based on adenosine pathway inhibitors. In the final part of this article, we also briefly discuss the technical issues and challenges currently present in nano-delivery of adenosine pathway inhibitors, with the hope of advancing the progress of adenosine inhibitor nano-drugs in clinical treatment.

Predictive value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in histological grade of incidental colorectal adenoma.

BACKGROUND: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as an imaging modality for the whole body has shown its value in detecting incidental colorectal adenoma. In clinical practice, adenomatous polyps can be divided into three groups: low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) and cancer, which can lead to different clinical management. However, the relationship between the 18F-FDG PET/CT SUVmax and the histological grade of adenomatous polyps is still not established, which is a challenging but valuable task. METHODS: This retrospective study included 255 patients with colorectal adenoma (CRA) or colorectal adenocarcinomas (AC) who had corresponding 18F-FDG uptake incidentally found on PET/CT. The correlations of SUVmax with pathological characteristics and tumor size were assessed. Neoplasms were divided into LGIN, HGIN, and AC according to histological grade. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to evaluate the predictive value of the SUVmax-only model and comprehensive models which were established with imaging and clinical predictors identified by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The SUVmax was positively correlated with histological grades (r=0.529, P<0.001). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that SUVmax was an independent risk factor among all groups except between HGIN and AC. The area under the curves (AUCs) of the comprehensive model for distinguishing between AC and adenoma, LGIN and HIGN, LGIN and AC, and HGIN and AC were 0.886, 0.780, 0.945, 0.733, respectively, which is statistically higher than the AUCs of the SUVmax-only model with 0.812, 0.733, 0.863, and 0.688, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: As an independent risk factor, SUVmax based on 18F-FDG PET/CT is highly associated with the histological grade of CRA. Thus, 18F-FDG PET/CT can serve as a noninvasive tool for precise diagnosis and assist in the preoperative formulation of treatment strategies for patients with incidental CRA.

Indicators to Measure Adolescent Health at the Country, Regional, and Global Levels: Results of a Five-Year Selection Process by the Global Action for the Measurement of Adolescent Health.

PURPOSE: To improve adolescent health measurement, the Global Action for the Measurement of Adolescent health (GAMA) Advisory Group was formed in 2018 and published a draft list of 52 indicators across six adolescent health domains in 2022. We describe the process and results of selecting the adolescent health indicators recommended by GAMA (hereafter, "GAMA-recommended indicators"). METHODS: Each indicator in the draft list was assessed using the following inputs: (1) availability of data and stakeholders' perceptions on their relevance, acceptability, and feasibility across selected countries; (2) alignment with current measurement recommendations and practices; and (3) data in global databases. Topic-specific working groups comprised of GAMA experts and representatives of United Nations partner agencies reviewed results and provided preliminary recommendations, which were appraised by all GAMA members and finalized. RESULTS: There are 47 GAMA-recommended indicators (36 core and 11 additional) for adolescent health measurement across six domains: policies, programs, and laws (4 indicators); systems performance and interventions (4); health determinants (7); health behaviors and risks (20); subjective well-being (2); and health outcomes and conditions (10). DISCUSSION: These indicators are the result of a robust and structured five-year process to identify a priority set of indicators with relevance to adolescent health globally. This inclusive and participatory approach incorporated inputs from a broad range of stakeholders, including adolescents and young people themselves. The GAMA-recommended indicators are now ready to be used to measure adolescent health at the country, regional, and global levels.

Ionic Hydrogen Bond-Assisted Catalytic Construction of Nitrogen Stereogenic Center via Formal Desymmetrization of Remote Diols.

The control of noncarbon stereogenic centers is of profound importance owing to their enormous interest in bioactive compounds and chiral catalyst or ligand design for enantioselective synthesis. Despite various elegant approaches have been achieved for construction of S-, P-, Si- and B-stereocenters over the past decades, the catalyst-controlled strategies to govern the formation of N-stereogenic compounds have garnered less attention. Here, we disclose the first organocatalytic approach for efficient access to a wide range of nitrogen-stereogenic compounds through a desymmetrization approach. Intriguingly, the pro-chiral remote diols, which are previously not well addressed with enantiocontrol, are well differentiated by potent chiral carbene-bound acyl azolium intermediates. Preliminary studies shed insights on the critical importance of the ionic hydrogen bond (IHB) formed between the dimer aggregate of diols to afford the chiral N-oxide products that feature a tetrahedral nitrogen as the sole stereogenic element with good yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Notably, the chiral N-oxide products could offer an attractive strategy for chiral ligand design and discovery of potential antibacterial agrochemicals.

Impact of PD-L1 Gene Polymorphisms and Interactions with Cooking with Solid Fuel Exposure on Tuberculosis.

INTRODUCTION: Given that PD-L1 is a crucial immune checkpoint in regulating T-cell responses, the aim of this study was to explore the impact of PD-L1 gene polymorphisms and the interaction with cooking with solid fuel on susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) in Chinese Han populations. METHODS: A total of 503 TB patients and 494 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Mass spectrometry technology was applied to genotype rs2297136 and rs4143815 of PD-L1 genes. The associations between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and TB were assessed using unconditional logistic regression analysis. Marginal structural linear odds models were used to estimate the gene-environment interactions. RESULTS: Compared with genotype CC, genotypes GG and CG+GG at rs4143815 locus were significantly associated with susceptibility to TB (OR: 3.074 and 1.506, respectively, p < 0.05). However, no statistical association was found between rs2297136 SNP and TB risk. Moreover, the relative excess risk of interaction between rs4143815 of the PD-L1 gene and cooking with solid fuel was 2.365 (95% CI: 1.922-2.809), suggesting positive interactions with TB susceptibility. CONCLUSION: The rs4143815 polymorphism of the PD-L1 gene was associated with susceptibility to TB in Chinese Han populations. There were significantly positive interactions between rs4143815 and cooking with solid fuel.

Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enema attenuates inflammatory response ulcerative colitis through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Ulcer colitis (UC) is a chronic, nonspecific, and noninfectious inflammatory bowel disease. Recently, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been found to be closely associated with clinical inflammatory diseases. Achieving complete remission in patients with intermittent periods of activity followed by dormancy is challenging. Moreover, no study has explored the mechanism by which Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enemas to attenuate the inflammatory response in UC. AIM: To explore the mechanism by which Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enemas to attenuate the inflammatory response in UC. METHODS: This prospective clinical study included patients who met the exclusion criteria in 2020 and 2021. The patients with UC were divided into two groups (control and experimental). The peripheral blood of the experimental and control groups were collected under aseptic conditions. The expression of TLR4 protein, NF-κB, IL-6, and IL-17 was detected in the peripheral blood of patients in the experimental group and control group before and 1 month after taking the drug. Linear correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the expression level of TLR4 protein and the expression levels of downstream signal NF-κB and inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-17, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the patient characteristics between the control and experimental groups. The results showed that the expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The TLR4 protein expression in the experimental group was positively correlated with the expression level of downstream signal NF-κB and was positively correlated with the levels of downstream inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-17 (r = 0.823, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enema attenuates the inflammatory response of UC through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Nickel-Iron-Layered Double Hydroxide Electrocatalyst with Nanosheets Array for High Performance of Water Splitting.

Developing high-performance and cost-competitive electrocatalysts have great significance for the massive commercial production of water-splitting hydrogen. Ni-based electrocatalysts display tremendous potential for electrocatalytic water splitting. Herein, we synthesize a novel NiFe-layered double hydroxide (LDH) electrocatalyst in nanosheets array on high-purity Ni foam. By adjusting the Ni/Fe ratio, the microstructure, and even the behavior of the electrocatalyst in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), changes significantly. The as-obtained material shows a small overpotential of 223 mV at 10 mAcm-2 as well as a low Tafel slope of 48.9 mV·dec-1 in the 1 M KOH electrolyte. In addition, it can deliver good stability for at least 24 h of continuous working at 10 mAcm-2. This work proposes a strategy for engineering catalysts and provides a method for the development of other Ni-based catalysts with excellent performance.

The cell cycle regulator p16 promotes tumor infiltrated CD8+ T cell exhaustion and apoptosis.

The therapeutic efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy is largely restricted by reduced viability and dysfunction of CD8+ T cells. Continuous antigen stimulation disrupts the expansion, effector function, and metabolic fitness of CD8+ T cells, leading to their differentiation into an exhausted state within the tumor microenvironment (TME). While the function of the cell cycle negative regulator p16 in senescent cells is well understood, its role in T cell exhaustion remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that TCR stimulation of CD8+ T cells rapidly upregulates p16 expression, with its levels positively correlating with TCR affinity. Chronic TCR stimulation further increased p16 expression, leading to CD8+ T cell apoptosis and exhaustion differentiation, without inducing DNA damage or cell senescence. Mechanistic investigations revealed that p16 downregulates mTOR, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) associated gene expression, resulting in impaired mitochondrial fitness, reduced T cell viability, and diminished effector function. Furthermore, the deletion of p16 significantly enhances the persistence of CD8+ T cells within tumors and suppresses the terminal exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Overall, our findings elucidate how increased p16 expression reshapes T cell intracellular metabolism, drives T cell apoptosis and exhaustion differentiation, and ultimately impairs T cell anti-tumor function.

Integrating interventions supported by development assistance for health into local health system: evidence from a China-World Bank-UK rural health system strengthening project (1998-2007).

INTRODUCTION: To empirically investigate sustainability of development assistance for health (DAH), we conducted a retrospective case study on the Basic Health Services Project (BHSP) for rural health system strengthening, supported by the World Bank and the UK in China between 1998 and 2007. Specifically, this study examines the integration of the BHSP interventions into China's health system. METHODS: From December 2021 to December 2022, we reviewed 64 published papers and project or policy documents, and conducted semistructured interviews with 22 key informants, ranging from managers of donor agencies and the government to township-level hospital directors. From February to March 2023, the data were analysed under an analytical framework for integration of targeted health interventions into health systems. RESULTS: Evidence of the BHSP shows that the integration outcomes can vary by the levels of integration (national or subnational), geographical coverage (project areas or both project and non-project areas) and approach to integration (policy or routinisation). The country's health system reform facilitated the integration of the interventions relevant to the reform policies, as the BHSP was one of the pilot schemes. However, interventions incompatible with this broad context were integrated to a limited extent. This integration occurred through embedding the project within the existing system, with a higher degree of embeddedness leading to smoother integration. Cross-sectoral leading groups and a technical support system heightened the project visibility and enabled contextualised local adaptation, contributing to the smooth integration of the project interventions. CONCLUSION: The DAH-supported interventions can achieve sustainability by being integrated into the local health system. This integration can take various forms to improve health outcomes, including being accepted and internalised, modified as well as innovated and expanded. The host country and development partners can promote DAH sustainability by contextually integrating these interventions within the project scope.

Nylons with Highly-Bright and Ultralong Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence.

Endowing the widely-used synthetic polymer nylon with high-performance organic room-temperature phosphorescence would produce advanced materials with a great potential for applications in daily life and industry. One key to achieving this goal is to find a suitable organic luminophore that can access the triplet excited state with the aid of the nylon matrix by controlling the matrix-luminophore interaction. Herein we report highly-efficient room-temperature phosphorescence nylons by doping cyano-substituted benzimidazole derivatives into the nylon 6 matrix. These homogeneously doped materials show ultralong phosphorescence lifetimes of up to 1.5 s and high phosphorescence quantum efficiency of up to 48.3% at the same time. The synergistic effect of the homogeneous dopant distribution via hydrogen bonding interaction, the rigid environment of the matrix polymer, and the potential energy transfer between doped luminophores and nylon is important for achieving the high-performance room-temperature phosphorescence, as supported by combined experimental and theoretical results with control compounds and various polymeric matrices. One-dimensional optical fibers are prepared from these doped room-temperature phosphorescence nylons that can transport both blue fluorescent and green afterglow photonic signals across the millimeter distance without significant optical attenuation. The potential applications of these phosphorescent materials in dual information encryption and rewritable recording are illustrated.

Cell membrane coated nanoparticles as a biomimetic drug delivery platform for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.

Cancer immunotherapy, a burgeoning modality for cancer treatment, operates by activating the autoimmune system to impede the growth of malignant cells. Although numerous immunotherapy strategies have been employed in clinical cancer therapy, the resistance of cancer cells to immunotherapeutic medications and other apprehensions impede the attainment of sustained advantages for most patients. Recent advancements in nanotechnology for drug delivery hold promise in augmenting the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, the efficacy is currently constrained by the inadequate specificity of delivery, low rate of response, and the intricate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this context, the investigation of cell membrane coated nanoparticles (CMNPs) has revealed their ability to perform targeted delivery, immune evasion, controlled release, and immunomodulation. By combining the advantageous features of natural cell membranes and nanoparticles, CMNPs have demonstrated their unique potential in the realm of cancer immunotherapy. This review aims to emphasize recent research progress and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of CMNPs as an innovative drug delivery platform for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive overview of the current immunotherapeutic strategies involving different cell membrane types of CMNPs, with the intention of further exploration and optimization.

The Application of Nanoparticles Targeting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are the most abundant stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), especially in solid tumors. It has been confirmed that it can not only interact with tumor cells to promote cancer progression and metastasis, but also affect the infiltration and function of immune cells to induce chemotherapy and immunotherapy resistance. So, targeting CAF has been considered an important method in cancer treatment. The rapid development of nanotechnology provides a good perspective to improve the efficiency of targeting CAF. At present, more and more researches have focused on the application of nanoparticles (NPs) in targeting CAF. These studies explored the effects of different types of NPs on CAF and the multifunctional nanomedicines that can eliminate CAF are able to enhance the EPR effect which facilitate the anti-tumor effect of themselves. There also exist amounts of studies focusing on using NPs to inhibit the activation and function of CAF to improve the therapeutic efficacy. The application of NPs targeting CAF needs to be based on an understanding of CAF biology. Therefore, in this review, we first summarized the latest progress of CAF biology, then discussed the types of CAF-targeting NPs and the main strategies in the current. The aim is to elucidate the application of NPs in targeting CAF and provide new insights for engineering nanomedicine to enhance immune response in cancer treatment.

Effects of an Animation-Based Comprehensive Sexuality Education Package: A 2-Year Repeated Intervention Study.

BACKGROUND: Preadolescents, who are in a transitional phase of development, may experience higher exposure to heterosexual interactions while facing higher risks regarding misinformation in sexual knowledge and unsafe engagement in sexual activities. There is a deficiency in the availability of qualified educators and age-appropriate teaching materials for sexuality education in China. METHODS: We implemented an animation-based comprehensive sexuality education package among preadolescents aged 9 to 12 years from eight schools in Anhui, China. The first round of intervention included 1,835 participants, lasting 2 months from September to November 2020. A total of 374 participants, accounting for 52% of the intervention group, received a second round of intervention in September 2021. Participants completed immediate follow-up assessment and 1-year follow-up assessment to assess changes in their sexual knowledge, attitudes, and other outcomes. Propensity score matching and difference-in-difference analysis were performed to determine the short- and long-term impacts. RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed for both sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes in the immediate follow-up. There was no significant effect on pornography-seeking behavior or awareness of experiencing sexual abuse. After 1 year, the effect was sustained for sexual knowledge, but slightly declined for sexual attitudes. The second intervention significantly improved sexual knowledge; however, no significant change in sexual attitudes, pornography-seeking behavior, or awareness of experiencing sexual abuse was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our comprehensive sexuality education package was effective in improving sexual knowledge both immediately and 1 year after the intervention. Repeated intervention can be an effective strategy for promoting preadolescent health development regarding comprehensive sexuality education.

The application of nanoparticles-based ferroptosis, pyroptosis and autophagy in cancer immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have been applied for cancer therapy and achieved great success in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the broad application of ICBs is limited by the low response rate. To address this issue, increasing studies have found that the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells is becoming an emerging therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment, not only straightly killing tumor cells but also enhancing dying cells immunogenicity and activating antitumor immunity. ICD is a generic term representing different cell death modes containing ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy and apoptosis. Traditional chemotherapeutic agents usually inhibit tumor growth based on the apoptotic ICD, but most tumor cells are resistant to the apoptosis. Thus, the induction of non-apoptotic ICD is considered to be a more efficient approach for cancer therapy. In addition, due to the ineffective localization of ICD inducers, various types of nanomaterials have been being developed to achieve targeted delivery of therapeutic agents and improved immunotherapeutic efficiency. In this review, we briefly outline molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, pyroptosis and autophagy, as well as their reciprocal interactions with antitumor immunity, and then summarize the current progress of ICD-induced nanoparticles based on different strategies and illustrate their applications in the cancer therapy.

A fluorescence detection method for postharvest tomato epidermal defects based on improved YOLOv5m.

BACKGROUND: Tomato quality visual grading is greatly affected by the problems of smooth skin, uneven illumination and invisible defects that are difficult to identify. The realization of intelligent detection of postharvest epidermal defects is conducive to further improving the economic value of postharvest tomatoes. RESULTS: An image acquisition device that utilizes fluorescence technology has been designed to capture a dataset of tomato skin defects, encompassing categories such as rot defects, crack defects and imperceptible defects. The YOLOv5m model was improved by introducing Convolutional Block Attention Module and replacing part of the convolution kernels in the backbone network with Switchable Atrous Convolution. The results of comparison experiments and ablation experiments show that the Precision, Recall and mean Average Precision of the improved YOLOv5m model were 89.93%, 82.33% and 87.57%, which are higher than YOLOv5m, Faster R-CNN and YOLOv7, and the average detection time was reduced by 47.04 ms picture-1. CONCLUSION: The present study utilizes fluorescence imaging and an improved YOLOv5m model to detect tomato epidermal defects, resulting in better identification of imperceptible defects and detection of multiple categories of defects. This provides strong technical support for intelligent detection and quality grading of tomatoes. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Photoelectrochemical Cells with a Pyridine-Anchored Bilayer Photoanode for Water Splitting.

A dye-sensitized photoanode is prepared by coassembling a Ru complex photosensitizer and a Ru water oxidation catalyst (WOC) on a TiO2 substrate, in which the WOC molecules are immobilized in a layer-by-layer fashion through metal-pyridine coordination with the aid of a bifunctional anchoring and bridging molecule containing multiple pyridine groups. Under visible-light irradiation, an anodic photocurrent of around 200 µA/cm2 has been achieved with O2 and H2 being generated at the photoanode and Pt counter electrode, respectively. The pyridine anchoring strategy provides a simple method to prepare photoelectrodes for applications in photoelectrochemical cells.

Co-occurrence of and factors associated with health risk behaviors among adolescents: a multi-center study in sub-Saharan Africa, China, and India.

Background: Despite lifelong and detrimental effects, the co-occurrence of health risk behaviors (HRBs) during adolescence remains understudied in low- and middle-income countries. This study examines the co-occurrence of HRBs and its correlates among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa, China, and India. Methods: A multi-country cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021-2022, involving 9697 adolescents (aged 10-19 years) from eight countries, namely Burkina Faso, China, Ethiopia, India, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda. A standardized questionnaire was administered to examine five types of HRBs - physical inactivity, poor dietary habits, smoking, alcohol consumption, and risky sexual behavior. Latent class analysis was employed to identify clustering patterns among the behaviors, and logistic regression was used to identify the correlates of these patterns. Findings: Three clusters of HRBs were identified, with Cluster 1 (27.73%) characterized by the absence of any specific risky behavior, Cluster 2 (68.16%) characterized by co-occurrence of physical inactivity and poor dietary habits, and Cluster 3 (4.11%) characterized by engagement in smoking, alcohol consumption, and risky sexual behavior. Relative to Cluster 1, being in Cluster 2 was associated with being female (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.32), not enrolled in education (aOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71-0.99), and not engaged in paid work (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.08-1.41). Compared with those Cluster 1, adolescents in Cluster 3 were less likely to be female (aOR 0.41, 95% CI 0.32-0.54), be engaged in paid work (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.41-0.71), more likely to be older (aOR 7.56, 95% CI 5.18-11.03), not be enrolled in educational institution (aOR 1.74, 95% CI 1.27-2.38), and more likely to live with guardians other than parents (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.19-2.05). Interpretation: The significant clustering patterns of HRBs among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa, China, and India highlights the urgent need for convergent approaches to improve adolescent health behaviors. Early life and school-based programs aimed at promoting healthy behaviors and preventing risky and unhealthy behaviors should be prioritized to equip adolescents with the tools and skills for lifelong well-being. Funding: Fondation Botnar (Grant #INV-037672) and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, partially funded this study.