Hepatitis C virus infections in oral lichen planus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: A role for hepatitis C virus in oral lichen planus has been postulated. This systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing epidemiological studies was conducted to determine if there is a correlation between oral lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection. METHODS: We examined the association between hepatitis C virus and oral lichen planus by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies that examined the prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in the serum of cases and controls. We searched PubMed, Embase and The Cochrane Library databases from 2005 to January 2015. Associations were measured using random-effect odds ratios (ORs) combined with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Nineteen eligible studies, encompassing 1807 cases of OLP and 2519 controls, were retrieved and included in this review. The summary estimate OR for all studies was 6.07 (95% CI: 2.73-13.48), showing a statistically significant difference in the proportion of HCV seropositivity among oral lichen planus patients, compared with controls and substantial heterogeneity between studies (I(2) = 65%) as a result of a variety of geographical distributions. CONCLUSIONS: The association of hepatitis C virus infection with oral lichen planus emphasizes the importance of hepatitis C virus screening in oral lichen planus patients.

Hepatitis B vaccination and associated oral manifestations: a non-systematic review of literature and case reports.

Hepatitis B vaccine has been administered in children and adults routinely to reduce the incidence of the disease. Even though, hepatitis B vaccine is considered as highly safe, some adverse reactions have been reported. A literature search was carried out in PubMed, accessed via the National Library of Medicine PubMed interface, searching used the following keywords: Hepatitis B vaccine and complications from 1980 to 2014. A total of 1147 articles were obtained out of which articles, which discuss the complications occurring orally or occurring elsewhere in the body, which have the potential to manifest orally after hepatitis B vaccination were selected. A total of 82 articles were identified which included 58 case series or case reports, 15 review articles, 4 cross sectional studies, 3 prospective cohort studies, one retrospective cohort study and a case control study. After reviewing the literature, we observed that complications seen after Hepatitis B vaccination are sudden infant death syndrome, multiple sclerosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, vasculititis optic neuritis, anaphylaxis, systemic lupus erytymatosus, lichen planus and neuro-muscular disorder. Of these complications, some are manifested orally or have the potential to manifest orally. Although, most of the complications are self-limiting, some are very serious conditions, which require hospitalization with immediate medical attention.

Assessment of inverse correlation of p16 and pRb expression in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma.

Published data indicate that an inverse correlation has been identified in some tumours such as ovarian cancer and laryngeal squamous carcinoma. This study aimed to characterize alteration in the immunohistochemical expression of p16 and p Rb in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, and to assess the inverse correlation between p16 and pRb in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. A selected series of 27 cases of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma were examined at Alfarabi Dental School in 2012. The results showed an inverse correlation between p16 (normal expression) and pRb (mutated) in 15 cases. Also 3 cases showed an inverse correlation between p16 (mutated) and pRb (normal expression). p16 and pRb (both proteins with normal expression) were identified in 3 cases. p16 and pRb (both proteins inactivated) were identified in 6 cases. This study suggests the alteration of p16 and pRb expression has been detected in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenomas. They mentioned that if the function of one gene such as p16 or pRb was abrogated the other gene would be overexpressed or unaffected ini 18 out of 27 cases.

Extensive review in the detection of the malignant transformation of pleomorphic adenoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is an increasing likelihood of malignant change in pleomorphic adenoma (PA) with time. This extensive review aims to highlight the current areas of difficulty or controversy in the diagnosis of malignant transformation of pleomorphic adenoma - a subject of most interest and challenge to a pathologist. It is also the objective of this review to compare the clinical and pathological points-of-view on the diagnosis of malignant transformation of pleomorphic adenoma. METHODS: A literature search using MEDLINE, accessed through the National Library of Medicine PubMed interface, for articles relating to malignant transformation of pleomorphic salivary adenoma written in the English language. RESULTS: The updated literature indicates that carcinomas in pleomorphic adenoma may arise in an older age group than benign lesions and are usually larger and longer standing lesions. The use of molecular changes to study malignant transformation of pleomorphic adenoma, unfortunately, have no specific expression on the tumor suppressor genes to detect the malignant transformation of pleomorphic adenoma from pathological point view. CONCLUSION: The use of combined clinical evidence and pathological evidence are very important in the detection of the malignant transformation of pleomorphic adenoma. KEYWORDS: pleomorphic adenoma, malignant transformation of pleomorphic adenoma.

Expression of oestrogen progestrone and androgen receptors in salivary gland tumours. A review of literature.

Hormone therapy is highly recommended on patients with breast cancer who show positive nuclear staining of the cancer cells. It is not known however whether salivary gland tumours can respond to hormone therapy. Twenty eight studies undertaken between 1980 to 2009 involving different types of salivary gland cancers were evaluated and taken into consideration the type of used antibody and the criteria to assess the intensity staining. This review has shown that estrogen progesterone and androgen receptors were detected in few cases of salivary gland tumours. Different types of used antibodies were identified, and the criteria of assessment of the staining intensity were different as well. The outcome of this review indicated that the growth of those tumours was not dependent on hormone function. It is recommended that sensitive and specific biochemical methods can be used to determine if estrogen and progesterone receptors can be detected in salivary gland cancers. It is necessary to use one criterion such as positive or negative nuclear staining to determine the existence of estrogen and progesterone receptors and to avoid any bias. The discrepancy in the results reflects a clear need for consensus on a protocol for scoring of immunohistochemical staining.

Designing cobalt chromium removable partial dentures for patients with shortened dental arches: a pilot survey.

The aim of this survey was to investigate the quality of prescription for the fabrication of cobalt chromium removable partial dentures (RPDs) that are used to extend the shortened dental arches (SDAs). A survey of four commercial dental laboratories located in northern England was conducted. The target of this survey was cobalt chromium RPDs that were requested to restore SDAs comprising the anterior teeth and 2-4 premolars. Dentists' prescriptions were scrutinised, and a special data collection form was completed accordingly. A total of 94 dentists' prescriptions and associated SDA casts were examined. Almost all the requested cobalt chromium RPDs were clasp-retained RPDs (97%). Scrutinising the 91 prescriptions for clasp-retained cobalt chromium RPDs showed that dentists' prescriptions did not have any instructions about the design of the partial denture in a considerable proportion of the cases (32%). Teeth to be clasped were identified clearly in 45% of the prescriptions. A majority of the dentists (64%) failed to provide any instructions about the design of the rests to be placed on the most posterior premolar abutment teeth. A considerable proportion of the dentists delegated the task of selecting the type of the major connector to the dental technician (41%). Only 21 (23%) of the examined casts had clearly defined rest seat preparation. The outcome of this pilot survey shows inadequate quality of prescription in designing RPDs for patients with SDAs. This finding has an ethical and clinical bearing and does not fit with current legal guidelines relevant to designing RPDs.