The feasibility of demonstration of GM- and InV-systems in decaying organs.

Gamma-globulin factors (Gm and InV-systems) were determined in 12 cadavers in blood and various organ exprimates (kidney, liver, spleen and muscle). Also checked was the time interval up to which these factors could still be demonstrated in decaying organs. For this purpose blood and portions of the organs were left to decay in plastic containers at an average temperature of 19.1 degree C. Examinations were done with the agglutination-inhibition-test. The exprimates were employed in dilutions 1:10 and 1:20. The serum factors Gm (1), (2), (4), (10) and InV (1) could be demonstrated for varying periods of time. In organs they could be demonstrated for between one and eight weeks. Only factors Gm(1) and Gm(2) could be demonstrated beyond this time. As a rule these serum factors were demonstrable in blood for a longer period of time than in organs; Factor Gm(4) proved to be the most stable one, as it could be demonstrated up to 11 weeks in decaying serum. In 2200 individuals tests with a dilution 1:20 no false positive results were obtained, with the dilution 1:10, however, 5 false positive tests were found. No explanation can be given for the different periods of time for which these factors can be demonstrated under conditions of decay.

Radioimmunological detection of morphine in stains of blood and urine.

Morphine in blood and urine spots was detected by the radioimmunoassay (125-J-Abuscreen R, Hoffmann La Roche) in nanogram quantities. Blood and urine drops containing morphine (5 or 20ng) were dropped on wood, fired clay or cotton and stored for perios of 1 to 21 days in a dry or humid environment. Detection in blood stains on cotton was achieved in all cases. Results were more variable in blood spots on clay or wood, but in most cases detection was possible. In urine, morphine was detectable only on cotton. The differences are explained by different degrees of adsorption of blood and urine on the materials and the difficulties of elution thereof.

Early demonstration of experimental aludrin-induced myocardial damage by the stain according to Lie et al. (HBFP).

Catecholamine-induced alterations of the myocardium were studied in 48 rats following a single subcutaneous injection of 40 mg Aludrin/kg body weight after different intervals following the injection by means of the HBFP stain described by LIE et al. (1971). As early as 5 minutes following application of Aludrin extensive areas with ischemic fuchsinorrhagic cells could be demonstrated. Six hours post injection a decrease in the extent of the alterations could be observed. Five weeks following the injection only small feathery strands of scar tissue could be found in the experimental animals as sequela of the effect of Aludrin. The stain according to LIE et al. (1971) employed by us allows earliest demonstration of (catecholamine-induced) ischemic alterations in the myocardium.

[The dangerousness of revolvers cal 4 mm, long (author's transl)]. / Die Gefährlichkeit der ,,freien'' 4 mm Faustfeuerwaffen

Different models of revolvers (cal 4mm, long), which are obtainable without special permission in Germany, were examinated as to their dangerousness. Both measurements of the kinetic energy of the missiles and investigations on cadavers were performed. Firing of the weapon in its original state yielded kinetic energies of the missiles well below the legal limit of 7,5 Joule. However, even then, fatal injuries of lung and heart could be demonstrated (In one case the os temporale was penetrated). Alteration of the revolver by closing the gas pressure releasing channels with expoxy resin yielded an increase by 45% of the kinetic energy of the missiles. If, in addition, the propelling charge of the ammunition was augmented with some more gun powder the kinetic energy of the missiles rose by 220 %, while such altered ammunition alone caused an increase of 75 %. In every case fatal injuries on head and thorax could be produced. Based on the results of this investigation proposals to amend the existing laws were made.

[Experimental determination of blood-alcohol metabolism with dogs in haemorrhagic shock (author's transl)]. / Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen über den Blutalkoholabbau im standardisierten hämorrhagischen Schock

Ethanol at a dosage of 3 g/kg reduced body weight was injected i.v. into mongrel dogs resulting in a blood alcohol concentration of approximately 2.9 mg/ml. One hour after injection the dogs were anaesthetized with halothane-N20/02 and blood was withdrawn until the blood pressure was reduced to 40 mmHg. This usually required removal of about 30 - 40% of the total blood volume. The resulting haemorrhagic shock was ascertained by monitoring blood pH, pCO2, pO2, lactate, pyruvate and blood electrolytes. A blood specimen for enzymatic alcohol determination (ADH) was obtained every 30 min over a period of 3 hours. Compared with equally dosed controls the dogs in haemorrhagic shock showed a significant (p = 0.005) reduction of the blood alcohol decay rate (beta) which is explained by 1) the diminished blood flow through the liver and 2) the hypoxaemic metabolic situation in shock.