ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for a woman to experience pregnancy denial. DESIGN, SETTING AND POPULATION: A French multicentric prospective case-control study with 71 mother-infant dyads having experienced a pregnancy denial versus a control group of 71 dyads. METHODS: Data were collected in the week after delivery using an observational leaflet and two psychiatric scales (MINI and QSSP). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding social, demographic, medical and psychiatric data. RESULTS: Not being in a stable relationship (odds ratio [OR] 17.18, 95% CI 3.37-87.60]; P < 0.0001), not having a high school diploma (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.38]; P < 0.0001) and having a psychiatric history (OR 6.33, 95% CI 1.62-24.76; P = 0.0002) were risk factors to experience pregnancy denial, whereas being older was a protective factor (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79-0.93; P = 0.0054) (logistic regression, Wald 95% CI). Other risk factors included late declarations of pregnancy history and past pregnancy denials (case n = 7, 9.7% versus 0% in controls; P = 0.01), past pregnancy denials in the family (case n = 13, 18% versus control n = 4, 5.6%; P = 0.03), and use of a contraceptive method (75% for cases versus 7% in control; P < 0.0001), primarily an oral contraceptive (75%). CONCLUSION: Family or personal history of pregnancy denial should be part of the systematic anamnesis during the first visit of a patient of child-bearing age. Further, our study points out that life context (young age, single status, socio-economic precarity, pill-based contraception) could be a trigger for pregnancy denial in certain women. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Life context can be a trigger for pregnancy denial.
Subject(s)
Denial, Psychological , Pregnancy, Unplanned/psychology , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Contraception/psychology , Contraception/statistics & numerical data , Educational Status , Female , France , Humans , Logistic Models , Maternal Age , Odds Ratio , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively study our risk factors of recurrence of infiltrating breast cancers treated by conservative therapy in Saint-Etienne university hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1997 to 2000, 254 patients were treated by conservative treatment. Through a univariate then multivariate analysis we identified factors of locoregional and metastatic recurrences. RESULTS: The global rate of recurrence is 21.6%. There is 9.8% of local recurrence, 2.3% of node recurrence and 14.9% of metastatic one. Plurifocality OR: 3.7, tumoral type OR: 2.93, lymphovascular invasion OR: 3.6 and young age are factors of locoregional recurrence. For distant metastases, the recurrences factors are the tumoral size, the node status, the absence of estrogens receptors, the SBR rank, the locoregional recurrence, the rise of CA 15-3 and the addition of chemotherapy but only the SBR rank OR: 2.56 appears in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: On one hand, this study revealed known risk factors already used to decide on the adjuvant therapy. On the other hand, plurifocality and lobular cancer must be taken into consideration before a conservative therapy. The surgery will probably be more extensive under these conditions.