Occurrence, distribution, and genetic diversity of faba bean viruses in China.

With worldwide cultivation, the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) stands as one of the most vital cool-season legume crops, serving as a major component of food security. China leads global faba bean production in terms of both total planting area and yield, with major production hubs in Yunnan, Sichuan, Jiangsu, and Gansu provinces. The faba bean viruses have caused serious yield losses in these production areas, but previous researches have not comprehensively investigated this issue. In this study, we collected 287 faba bean samples over three consecutive years from eight provinces/municipalities of China. We employed small RNA sequencing, RT-PCR, DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis to detect the presence of viruses and examine their incidence, distribution, and genetic diversity. We identified a total of nine distinct viruses: bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV, Potyvirus), milk vetch dwarf virus (MDV, Nanovirus), vicia cryptic virus (VCV, Alphapartitivirus), bean common mosaic virus (BCMV, Potyvirus), beet western yellows virus (BWYV, Polerovirus), broad bean wilt virus (BBWV, Fabavirus), soybean mosaic virus (SMV, Potyvirus), pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV, Potyvirus), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, Cucumovirus). BYMV was the predominant virus found during our sampling, followed by MDV and VCV. This study marks the first reported detection of BCMV in Chinese faba bean fields. Except for several isolates from Gansu and Yunnan provinces, our sequence analysis revealed that the majority of BYMV isolates contain highly conserved nucleotide sequences of coat protein (CP). Amino acid sequence alignment indicates that there is a conserved NAG motif at the N-terminal region of BYMV CP, which is considered important for aphid transmission. Our findings not only highlight the presence and diversity of pathogenic viruses in Chinese faba bean production, but also provide target pathogens for future antiviral resource screening and a basis for antiviral breeding.

Effect of Remote Ischemic Conditioning on Organ Transplantation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND: Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has shown great advantages in protecting organs from ischemia-reperfusion loss and applied research on RIC continues to increase. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively investigate the value of RIC for different organ transplantation. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to November 1, 2023, for randomized controlled trials investigating whether RIC has an advantage in organ transplantation (including heart, lung, liver, and kidney) compared with controls. The primary outcomes varied according to the transplanted organ, including liver transplantation (graft loss, early allograft dysfunction, acute kidney injury, days in hospital, and mortality); kidney transplantation (delayed graft function, acute rejection (AR), graft loss, 50% decrease in serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, days in hospital, and mortality); heart and lung transplantation (AR, mortality). Two investigators independently selected suitable trials, assessed trial quality, and extracted the data. RESULTS: A total of 11 randomized controlled trials were included in this study, including six kidney transplants, three liver transplants, and one heart and lung transplant each, with 561 RIC cases and 564 controls, and a total of 1125 patients. The results showed that RIC did not reduce mortality in transplant patients compared with controls (liver transplant: RR0.9, 95% confidence interval [0.31-2.66]; kidney transplant: RR 0.76, 95% confidence interval [0.17-3.33]), graft failure rate (liver transplantation: RR 0.3, 95% confidence interval [0.07, 1.19]; kidney transplantation: RR 0.89, 95% confidence interval [0.35, 2.27]), length of hospital stay (liver transplantation: standard mean difference [SMD] 0.14, 95% confidence interval [-0.15, 0.42]; kidney transplantation: SMD -0.1, 95% confidence interval [-0.3, 0.11]). In addition, RIC did not improve early liver function after liver transplantation (RR 0.97, 95% confidence interval [0.55,1.7]), acute kidney injury after liver transplantation (RR 1.17 95% confidence interval [0.9, 1.54]), delayed functional recovery after renal transplantation (RR 0.84, 95% confidence interval [0.62, 1.15]), AR rate (RR 1.04, 95% confidence interval [0.72, 1.49]), 50% serum creatinine decline rate (RR 1.1, 95% confidence interval [0.88, 1.37]), glomerular filtration rate 3 months after surgery (SMD 0.13, 95% confidence interval [-0.05, 0.31]) and postoperative 12 months glomerular filtration rate (SMD 0.13, 95% confidence interval [-0.06, 0.31]). CONCLUSION: Remote ischemic modulation does not improve clinical outcomes in patients undergoing organ transplantation (heart, lung, liver, and kidney).

Retraction note to: RNA-binding protein CPSF6 regulates IBSP to affect pyroptosis in gastric cancer.

[This retracts the article on p. 1531 in vol. 15, PMID: 37746647.].

Pathogenic fungi synergistically cooperate with Serratia marcescens to increase cockroach mortality.

The abuse of chemical insecticides has led to strong resistance in cockroaches, and biopesticides with active ingredients based on insect pathogens have good development prospects; however, their slow effect has limited their practical application, and improving their effectiveness has become an urgent problem. In this study, the interaction between Serratia marcescens and Metarhizium anisopliae enhanced their virulence against Blattella germanica and exhibited a synergistic effect. The combination of S. marcescens and M. anisopliae caused more severe tissue damage and accelerated the proliferation of the insect pathogen. The results of high-throughput sequencing demonstrated that the gut microbiota was dysbiotic, the abundance of the opportunistic pathogen Weissella cibaria increased, and entry into the hemocoel accelerated the death of the German cockroaches. In addition, the combination of these two agents strongly downregulated the expression of Imd and Akirin in the IMD pathway and ultimately inhibited the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). S. marcescens released prodigiosin to disrupted the gut homeostasis and structure, M. anisopliae released destruxin to damaged crucial organs, opportunistic pathogen Weissella cibaria overproliferated, broke the gut epithelium and entered the hemocoel, leading to the death of pests. These findings will allow us to optimize the use of insect pathogens for the management of pests and produce more effective biopesticides.

Oncogenic and immunological role of EDIL3 in human tumours: From pan-cancer analysis to validation in gastric cancer.

Background: Epidermal growth factor-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3 (EDIL3) is a secreted extracellular matrix protein implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes including embryonic development, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory responses. Recent reports have indicated that EDIL3 play critical roles in carcinogenesis and progression of many cancers. Herein, we performed a pan-cancer investigation to study the potential functions of EDIL3 in various cancers and experimentally validate its function in gastric cancer (GC). Methods: We analysed EDIL3 expression profiles in different tumours using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used to investigate the prognostic value of EDIL3, while receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to analyze its diagnostic efficacy. Several bioinformatics tools were used to study the association between EDIL3 and promoter methylation, gene enrichment analysis, immune infiltration, immune-related genes, and drug sensitivity. Molecular biology experiments were conducted to validate the tumorigenic effects of EDIL3. Results: EDIL3 is variably expressed in different cancers and is closely associated with clinical outcomes. An inverse correlation between EDIL3 and DNA methylation has been observed in 13 cancers. Enrichment analysis indicated that EDIL3 is correlated with many cellular pathways such as extracellular matrix receptor interactions and focal adhesion. EDIL3 was tightly associated with immune infiltration and immune checkpoints. EDIL3 knockdown can promote GC calls apoptosis while preventing proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Conclusion: EDIL3 is a promising prognostic, diagnostic, and immunological biomarker in various cancers, which could be applied as a new target for cancer therapy.

Comparative metabolic profiling of the mycelium and fermentation broth of Penicillium restrictum from Peucedanum praeruptorum rhizosphere.

Microorganisms in the rhizosphere, particularly arbuscular mycorrhiza, have a broad symbiotic relationship with their host plants. One of the major fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Peucedanum praeruptorum is Penicillium restrictum. The relationship between the metabolites of P. restrictum and the root exudates of P. praeruptorum is being investigated. The accumulation of metabolites in the mycelium and fermentation broth of P. restrictum was analysed over different fermentation periods. Non-targeted metabolomics was used to compare the differences in intracellular and extracellular metabolites over six periods. There were significant differences in the content and types of mycelial metabolites during the incubation. Marmesin, an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of coumarins, was found in the highest amount on the fourth day of incubation. The differential metabolites were screened to obtain 799 intracellular and 468 extracellular differential metabolites. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that the highly enriched extracellular metabolic pathways were alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. In addition, the enrichment analysis associated with intracellular and extracellular ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins revealed that some ATP-binding cassette transporters may be involved in the transportation of certain amino acids and carbohydrates. Our results provide some theoretical basis for the regulatory mechanisms between the rhizosphere and the host plant and pave the way for the heterologous production of furanocoumarin.

Variant-specific antibody response following repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection.

The ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants poses challenges to the immunity induced by infections and vaccination. We conduct a 6-month longitudinal evaluation of antibody binding and neutralization of sera from individuals with six different combinations of vaccination and infection against BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86. We find that most individuals produce spike-binding IgG or neutralizing antibodies against BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 2 months after infection or vaccination. However, compared to ancestral strain and BA.5 variant, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 exhibit comparable but significant immune evasion. The spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibody titers decrease in individuals without additional antigen exposure, and <50% of individuals neutralize XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 during the 6-month follow-up. Approximately 57% of the 107 followed up individuals experienced an additional infection, leading to improved binding IgG and neutralizing antibody levels against these variants. These findings provide insights into the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on immunity following repeated exposure.

Genetic blockade of the activation of 26S proteasomes by PKA is well tolerated by mice at baseline.

OBJECTIVE: Proteasome activation by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) was long suggested and recent studies using both cell cultures and genetically engineered mice have established that direct phosphorylation of RPN6/PSMD11 at Serine14 (pS14-RPN6) mediates the activation of 26S proteasomes by PKA. Genetic mimicry of pS14-RPN6 has been shown to be benign at baseline and capable of protecting against cardiac proteinopathy in mice. Here we report the results from a comprehensive baseline characterization of the Rpn6S14A mice (S14A), the first animal model of genetic blockade of the activation of 26S proteasomes by PKA. METHOD: Wild type and homozygous S14A littermate mice were subjected to serial M-mode echocardiography at 1 through 7 months of age, to left ventricular (LV) catheterization via the carotid artery for assessment of LV mechanical performance, and to cardiac gravimetric analyses at 26 weeks of age. Mouse mortality and morbidity were monitored daily for up to one year. Males and females were studied in parallel. RESULTS: Mice homozygous for S14A were viable and fertile and did not show discernible developmental abnormalities or increased mortality or morbidity compared with their Rpn6 wild type littermates by at least one year of age, the longest cohort observed thus far. Neither serial echocardiography nor hemodynamic assessments detected a remarkable difference in cardiac morphometry and function between S14A and wild type littermate mice. No cardiac gravimetric difference was observed. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study indicate that genetic blockade of the activation of 26S proteasomes by PKA is well tolerated by mice at baseline. Therefore, the S14A mouse provides a desirable genetic tool for further investigating the in vivo pathophysiological and pharmacological significance of pS14-RPN6.

Total mercury, methylmercury, and their possible controlling factors in soils of typical coastal wetlands in China.

Coastal wetland soils play a critical role in the global mercury (Hg) cycle, serving as both an important repository for total mercury (THg) and a hotspot for methylmercury (MeHg) production. This study investigated Hg pollution in soils dominated by Phragmites australis (PA) and Spartina alterniflora (SA) across five representative China's coastal wetlands (Yellow River (YR), Linhong River (LHR), Yangtze River (CJR), Min River (MR), and Nanliu River (NLR)). The THg concentrations ranged from 16.7 to 446.0 (96.3 ± 59.3 ng g-1, dw), while MeHg concentrations varied from 0.01 to 0.81 (0.12 ± 0.12 ng g-1, dw). We further evaluated Hg risk in these wetlands using potential ecological risk index (Er) and geographical enrichment factor (Igeo). Most wetlands exhibited low to moderate ecological risk, except the PA habitat in the YR wetland, showing moderate to high risk. Soil organic matter significantly influenced THg and MeHg distribution, while MeHg% correlated well with soil salinity and pH. These findings highlight the importance of organic-rich coastal wetland soils in THg and MeHg accumulation, with the soil properties influencing net MeHg production. Furthermore, SA habitat generally exhibited higher MeHg%, suggesting its invasion elevates the ecological risk of MeHg in coastal wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Mercury (Hg), a global pollutant, poses great risks to wildlife and humans. Since industrialization, anthropogenic Hg release surpassed natural sources. Long-term exposure leads to biomagnification of Hg. This study assessed Hg and methylmercury pollution and risks in soils of five China's coastal wetlands dominated by Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora. Environmental factors (total carbon, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, salinity, pH) were analyzed to reveal key variables influencing Hg pollution and methylation. Essential for quantifying Hg pollution in coastal wetlands, the findings provide a scientific basis for effective wetland conservation policies and addressing environmental health in these regions.

Baricitinib protects ICIs-related myocarditis by targeting JAK1/STAT3 to regulate Macrophage polarization.

PURPOSE: The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment, but these drugs can also cause severe immune-related adverse effects (irAEs), including myocarditis. Researchers have become interested in exploring ways to mitigate this side effect, and one promising avenue is the use of baricitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor known to have anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to examine the potential mechanism by which baricitinib in ICIs-related myocarditis. METHODS: To establish an ICIs-related myocarditis model, BALB/c mice were administered murine cardiac troponin I (cTnI) peptide and anti-mouse programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibodies. Subsequently, baricitinib was administered to the mice via intragastric administration. Echocardiography, HE staining, and Masson staining were performed to evaluate myocardial functions, inflammation, and fibrosis. Immunofluorescence was used to detect macrophages in the cardiac tissue of the mice.In vitro experiments utilized raw264.7 cells to induce macrophage polarization using anti-PD-1 antibodies. Different concentrations of baricitinib were applied to assess cell viability, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines was measured. The activation of the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway was evaluated through western blot analysis. RESULTS: Baricitinib demonstrated its ability to improve cardiac function and reduce cardiac inflammation, as well as fibrosis induced by ICIs. Mechanistically, baricitinib treatment promoted the polarization of macrophages towards the M2 phenotype. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that anti-PD-1 promoted the release of inflammatory factors. However, treatment with baricitinib significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT3. Additionally, the use of RO8191 reversed the effects of baricitinib, further confirming our findings. CONCLUSION: Baricitinib demonstrated its potential as a protective agent against ICIs-related myocarditis by modulating macrophage polarization. These findings provide a solid theoretical foundation for the development of future treatments for ICIs-related myocarditis.

Moxibustion ameliorates chronic inflammatory visceral pain via spinal circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks: a central mechanism study.

This study aimed to unveil the central mechanism of moxibustion treating chronic inflammatory visceral pain (CIVP) from the angle of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks in the spinal cord. The rat CIVP model was established using a mixture of 5% (w/v) 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and 50% ethanol at a volume ratio of 2:1 via enema. Rats in the moxibustion group received herb-partitioned moxibustion at Tianshu (ST25, bilateral) and Qihai (CV6) points. The abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR), mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were adopted for pain behavior observation and pain sensitivity assessment. The circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA expression profiles were detected using the high-throughput sequencing technique. Relevant databases and bioinformatics analysis methods were used to screen for differentially expressed (DE) RNAs and build a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA (competing endogenous RNA) ceRNA regulatory network. The real-time quantitative PCR was employed to verify the sequencing result. CIVP rat models had a significantly higher AWR and lower TWL and MWT than normal rats. Between normal and model rats, there were 103 DE-circRNAs, 16 DE-miRNAs, and 397 DE-mRNAs in the spinal cord. Compared with the model group, the moxibustion group had a lower AWR and higher TWL and MWT; between these two groups, there were 118 DE-circRNAs, 15 DE-miRNAs, and 804 DE-mRNAs in the spinal cord. Two ceRNA networks were chosen to be verified. As a result, moxibustion's analgesic effect on visceral pain in CIVP rats may be associated with regulating the circRNA_02767/rno-miR-483-3p/Gfap network in the spinal cord and improving central sensitization.

Artificial Tactile Receptor System for Sensitive Pressure-Neural Spike Conversion.

An artificial tactile receptor is crucial for e-skin in next-generation robots, mimicking the mechanical sensing, signal encoding, and preprocessing functionalities of human skin. In the neural network, pressure signals are encoded in spike patterns and efficiently transmitted, exhibiting low power consumption and robust tolerance for bit error rates. Here, we introduce a highly sensitive artificial tactile receptor system integrating a pressure sensor, axon-hillock circuit, and neurotransmitter release device to achieve pressure signal coding with patterned spikes and controlled neurotransmitter release. Owing to the heightened sensitivity of the axon-hillock circuit to pressure-mediated current signals, the artificial tactile receptor achieves a detection limit of 10 Pa that surpasses the human tactile receptors, with a wide response range from 10 to 5 × 105 Pa. Benefiting from the appreciable pressure-responsive performance, the potential application of an artificial tactile receptor in robotic tactile perception has been demonstrated, encompassing tasks such as finger touch and human pulse detection.

Electrically Oriented Antibodies on Transistor for Monitoring Several Copies of Methylated DNA.

An antibody transistor is a promising biosensing platform for the diagnosis and monitoring of various diseases. Nevertheless, the low concentration and short half-life of biomarkers require biodetection at the trace-molecule level, which remains a challenge for existing antibody transistors. Herein, we demonstrate a graphene field-effect transistor (gFET) with electrically oriented antibody probes (EOA-gFET) for monitoring several copies of methylated DNA. The electric field confines the orientation of antibody probes on graphene and diminishes the distance between graphene and methylated DNAs captured by antibodies, generating more induced charges on graphene and amplifying the electric signal. EOA-gFET realizes a limit of detection (LoD) of ∼0.12 copy µL-1, reaching the lowest LoD reported before. EOA-gFET shows a distinguishable signal for liver cancer clinical serum samples within ∼6 min, which proves its potential as a powerful tool for disease screening and diagnosis.

One-step fabrication of millimeter-scale hollow vesicles with chitosan /DADMAC/ sodium alginate graft copolymer for enhanced anionic dye adsorption.

Hollow vesicles are promising in water treatment due to their unique structure of the membrane and inner cavity. However, the adsorption capacity needs to be improved for targeted pollutants. Herein, millimeter-scale hollow vesicles were prepared with a one-step process of sequential stirring and grafting using chitosan, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, and sodium alginate as raw materials with the purpose of efficient removal of anionic dyes from wastewater. The composite vesicles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The hollow vesicles showed the structure of the cationic membrane and the inner cavity, facilitating the dye adsorption. The adsorption capacity for the anionic dye Reactive Black 5 reached 698.1 mg/g, more than twice that of the binary composite vesicles without graft. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm data coincided with the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively, and the adsorption mechanism was monolayer chemisorption. Moreover, the vesicles worked well in wide ranges of environment pH, temperature, and co-existing pollutants. They also possessed excellent cyclic regeneration performance, in which 93 % of the initial adsorption capacity was maintained after four cycles. These results indicate that the millimeter-scale hollow vesicles exhibit broad application prospects for wastewater purification.

Comparison of short­term outcomes and 3-year overall survival between robotic and laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a propensity score matching analysis.

BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing use of robotic gastrectomy (RG) as an alternative to laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) in treating gastric cancer, controversy remains over the advantages of RG compared to LG and there is a paucity of studies comparing the two techniques regarding patient survival. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, 675 patients undergoing minimally invasive gastrectomy were recruited from January 2016 to January 2018 (LG: n = 567; RG: n = 108). A one-to-one propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was applied to minimize the selection bias due to confounding factors, yielding 104 patients in each of the RG and LG groups. After matching, the short-term outcomes and 3-year overall survival were compared in the two groups. RESULTS: The PSM cohort analysis showed a similar 3-year overall survival between RG and LG groups (p = .249). Concerning the short-term outcomes, the RG compared to LG resulted in lower blood loss (p = .01), lower postoperative complications (p = .001), lower postoperative pain (p = .016), earlier initiation of soft diet (p = .011), shorter hospital stay |(p = .012), but higher hospitalization expenses (p = .001). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that RG may offer advantages in terms of blood loss, surgical complications, recovery time, and pain management compared to LG while maintaining similar overall survival rates. However, RG is associated with higher hospital costs, potentially limiting its wider adoption. Further research, including large, multi-center randomized controlled trials with longer patient follow-up, particularly for advanced gastric cancer, is needed to confirm these findings.

Development and verification of machine learning model based on anogenital distance, penoscrotal distance, and 2D:4D finger ratio before puberty to predict hypospadias classification.

Objectives: To describe the anatomical abnormalities of hypospadias before puberty using current commonly used anthropometric index data and predict postoperative diagnostic classification. Methods: Children with hypospadias before puberty who were initially treated at Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from April 2021 to September 2022 were selected. We recorded their preoperative penoscrotal distance, anogenital distance, 2D:4D finger ratio, and postoperative hypospadias classification. The receiver operating character curve was used for univariate analysis of the diagnostic predictive value of each index for hypospadias classification in the training set. Binary logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machine models were constructed. In addition, we also prospectively collected data from October 2022 to September 2023 as a test set to verify the constructed machine learning models. Results: This study included 389 cases, with 50 distal, 167 midshaft, and 172 proximal cases. In the validation set, the sensitivity of the binary LR, RF, and SVM was 17%, 17% and 0% for identifying the distal type, 61%, 55% and 64% for identifying the midshaft type, and 56%, 60% and 48% for identifying the proximal type, respectively. The sensitivity of the three-classification RF and SVM models was 17% and 17% for distal type, 64% and 73% for midshaft type, 60% and 60% for proximal type, respectively. In the Testing set, the sensitivity of the binary LR, RF and SVM was 6%, 0% and 0% for identifying the distal type, 64%, 55% and 66% for identifying the midshaft type, and 48%, 62% and 39% for identifying the proximal type, respectively. The sensitivity of the three-classification RF and SVM models was 12% and 0% for distal type, 57% and 77% for midshaft type, and 65% and 53% for proximal type, respectively. Compared with binary classification models, the sensitivity of the three-classification models for distal type was not improved. Conclusion: Anogenital distance and penoscrotal distance have a favorable predictive value for midshaft and proximal hypospadias, among which AGD2, with higher test efficiency and stability, is recommended as the preferred anogenital distance indicator. The 2D:4D finger ratio (RadioL, RadioR) has little predictive value for hypospadias classification.

CD151 Maintains Endolysosomal Protein Quality to Inhibit Vascular Inflammation.

BACKGROUND: Tetraspanin CD151 is highly expressed in endothelia and reinforces cell adhesion, but its role in vascular inflammation remains largely unknown. METHODS: In vitro molecular and cellular biological analyses on genetically modified endothelial cells, in vivo vascular biological analyses on genetically engineered mouse models, and in silico systems biology and bioinformatics analyses on CD151-related events. RESULTS: Endothelial ablation of Cd151 leads to pulmonary and cardiac inflammation, severe sepsis, and perilous COVID-19, and endothelial CD151 becomes downregulated in inflammation. Mechanistically, CD151 restrains endothelial release of proinflammatory molecules for less leukocyte infiltration. At the subcellular level, CD151 determines the integrity of multivesicular bodies/lysosomes and confines the production of exosomes that carry cytokines such as ANGPT2 (angiopoietin-2) and proteases such as cathepsin-D. At the molecular level, CD151 docks VCP (valosin-containing protein)/p97, which controls protein quality via mediating deubiquitination for proteolytic degradation, onto endolysosomes to facilitate VCP/p97 function. At the endolysosome membrane, CD151 links VCP/p97 to (1) IFITM3 (interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3), which regulates multivesicular body functions, to restrain IFITM3-mediated exosomal sorting, and (2) V-ATPase, which dictates endolysosome pH, to support functional assembly of V-ATPase. CONCLUSIONS: Distinct from its canonical function in strengthening cell adhesion at cell surface, CD151 maintains endolysosome function by sustaining VCP/p97-mediated protein unfolding and turnover. By supporting protein quality control and protein degradation, CD151 prevents proteins from (1) buildup in endolysosomes and (2) discharge through exosomes, to limit vascular inflammation. Also, our study conceptualizes that balance between degradation and discharge of proteins in endothelial cells determines vascular information. Thus, the IFITM3/V-ATPase-tetraspanin-VCP/p97 complexes on endolysosome, as a protein quality control and inflammation-inhibitory machinery, could be beneficial for therapeutic intervention against vascular inflammation.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Lycium qingshuiheense (Solanaceae).

Lycium qingshuiheense is a typical drought and salt-alkali-tolerant plant, which has been added to the new species of Lycium in recent years. Here, we first sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of L. qingshuiheense to investigate its evolutionary relationship within the family Solanaceae. Results suggested that the circular complete chloroplast genome of L. qingshuiheense was 154,945 bp in length, including a large single-copy (LSC) of 85,930 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) of 18,203 bp, and two inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,406 bp. The GC content accounts for 37.90% and annotated 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, eight rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree revealed that L. qingshuiheense was a sister species to L. ruthenicum. Our study provides a new insight into the systematic evolution of Lycium in the Solanaceae family.

High-quality faba bean reference transcripts generated using PacBio and Illumina RNA-seq data.

The genome of faba bean was first published in 2023. To promote future molecular breeding studies, we improved the quality of the faba genome based on high-density genetic maps and the Illumina and Pacbio RNA-seq datasets. Two high-density genetic maps were used to conduct the scaffold ordering and orientation of faba bean, culminating in an increased length (i.e., 14.28 Mbp) of chromosomes and a decrease in the number of scaffolds by 45. In gene model mining and optimisation, the PacBio and Illumina RNA-seq datasets from 37 samples allowed for the identification and correction 121,606 transcripts, and the data facilitated a prediction of 15,640 alternative splicing events, 2,148 lncRNAs, and 1,752 fusion transcripts, thus allowing for a clearer understanding of the gene structures underlying the faba genome. Moreover, a total of 38,850 new genes including 56,188 transcripts were identified compared with the reference genome. Finally, the genetic data of the reference genome was integrated and a comprehensive and complete faba bean transcriptome sequence of 103,267 transcripts derived from 54,753 uni-genes was formed.