Effect of oxymatrine on neutrophil function based on zebrafish inflammation model and primary neutrophil inflammatory responses.

Sophora flavescens Ait. (SFA), an extensively utilized herb for the treatment of fevers, inflammatory disorders, ulcers and skin diseases related to bur, contains oxymatrine (OMT) as its principal active constituent. OMT exerts regulatory effects over inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Neutrophils, critical regulators of the inflammation response, have not been thoroughly elucidated regarding the protective properties and underlying mechanisms of OMT-mediated anti-inflammation. This study was aim to explore the protective effect of OMT on neutrophils under inflammatory conditions and delve into its potential mechanism. Leveraging the advantages of zebrafish, an animal model with a real-time dynamic observation system, we established an in vivo caudal fin wound model and a copper sulfate induced-inflammation model in zebrafish line Tg (mpx:GFP). The result revealed that OMT significantly attenuated neutrophil migration, upregulated the mRNA expression levels of JNK, casp3, mapk14a, mapkapk2a and map2k1 damaged by zebrafish caudal fin wound model, and downregulated mRNA expression levels of JNK, casp3, mapk14a, mapkapk2a and map2k1 in the copper sulfate injury model. In vitro experiments demonstrated that OMT modulated the chemotaxis response of primary neutrophils from mice, enhanced phagocytosis, reduced oxidative stress and alleviated inflammation level. We hypothesize that the OMT may exert its anti-inflammatory effects by regulating primary neutrophils through the MAPK signaling pathway.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case report, meta-analysis, and systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are rare but severe complications that occur after solid organ or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (allo-HSCT), with rapid progression and high mortality. Primary central nervous system (CNS)-PTLD are rarely recognized histo-pathologically. In addition, the diagnostic value of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA copies in CNS-PTLD remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: We herein report a case of monomorphic EBV-associated CNS-PTLD (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, DLBCL) after allo-HSCT and perform a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of PTLD treatment strategies in recent years. METHODS: We present the case report covering clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of a patient with primary CNS-PTLD. Additionally, we include a systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical characteristics of 431 patients with PTLD after allo-HSCT. We evaluate the main treatment options and outcomes of PTLD management, including rituximab, chemotherapies, and autologous or human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte infusion (EBV-CTLs)/donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). RESULTS: The meta-analysis revealed an overall response rate of 69.0% for rituximab alone (95% CI: 0.47-0.84), 45.0% for rituximab plus chemotherapies (95% CI: 0.15-0.80), and 91.0% for rituximab plus EBV-CTLs/DLI (95% CI: 0.83-0.96). The complete response (CR) rate after treatments for PTLD was 67.0% (95% CI: 0.56-0.77). Moreover, the 6-month and 1-year overall survival (OS) rate was 64.0% (95% CI: 0.31-0.87) and 49.0% (95% CI: 0.31-0.68), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlighted the urgent need for effective, low-toxic treatment regimens for CNS-PTLD. Our meta-analysis suggested that rituximab combined with EBV-CTLs/DLI could be a favorable strategy for the management of PTLD after allo-HSCT.

Impact of Imine Bond Orientations and Acceptor Groups on Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation of Donor-Acceptor Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as one of the most studied photocatalysts owing to their adjustable structure and bandgaps. However, there is limited research on regulating the light-harvesting capabilities of acceptor building blocks in donor-acceptor (D-A) isomer COFs with different bond orientations. This investigation is crucial for elucidating the structure-property-performance relationship of COF photocatalysts. Herein, a series of D-A isostructural COFs are synthesized with different imine bond orientations using benzothiadiazole and its derivatives-based organic building units. Extended light absorption is achieved in COFs with acceptor groups that have strong electron-withdrawing capacities, although this resulted a decreased hydrogen generation efficiency. Photocatalytic experiments indicated that dialdehyde benzothiadiazole-based COFs, HIAM-0015, exhibit the highest hydrogen generation rate (17.99 mmol g-1 h-1), which is 15 times higher than its isomer. The excellent photocatalytic performance of HIAM-0015 can be attributed to its fast charge separation and migration. This work provides insights into the rational design and synthesis of D-A COFs to achieve efficient photocatalytic activity.

The necessity of eliminating the interference of panaxatriol saponins to maximize the preventive effect of panaxadiol saponins against Parkinson's disease in rats.

Background: The effects of individual panaxadiol saponin and panaxatriol saponin on rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been recognized. However, it is not clear whether purified total ginsenosides as an entirety has effect against PD in rat model. This study compared the protective effects of a purified panaxadiol saponin fraction (PDSF), a purified panaxatriol saponin fraction (PTSF), and their mixtures against the rotenone (ROT)-induced PD in rats. Methods: Potential effects of PDSF, PTSF, and their mixtures against motor dysfunction and impairments of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons (DN), blood-brain barrier (BBB), cerebrovascular endothelial cells (CEC), and glial cells were measured in the models of ROT-induced PD rats and cell damage. Pro-inflammatory NF-kB p65 (p65) activation was localized in DN and other cells in the striatum. Results: PDSF and PTSF had a dose-dependent effect against motor dysfunction with a larger effective dose range for PDSF. PDSF protected CEC, glial cells, and DN in models of PD rats and cell damage, while PTSF had no such protections. Chronic ROT exposure potently activated p65 in CEC with enhanced pro-inflammatory and decreased anti-inflammatory factors and impaired BBB in the striatum, PDSF almost completely blocked the ROT-induced p65 activation and maintained both anti- and pro-inflammatory factors at normal levels and BBB integrity, but PTSF aggravated the p65 activation with impaired BBB. Furthermore, PTSF nullified all the effects of PDSF when they were co-administrated. Conclusion: PDSF had significant protective effect against the ROT-induced PD in rats by protecting CEC, glial cells, and DN, likely through inhibiting NF-κB p65 in CEC from triggering neuroinflammation, and also directly protecting glial cells and neurons against ROT-induced toxicity. PDSF has great potential for preventing and treating PD.

Structures and functions of short argonautes.

Argonaute proteins (Agos) represent a highly conserved family of proteins prevalent in all domains of life and have been implicated in various biological processes. Based on the domain architecture, Agos can be divided into long Agos and short Agos. While long Agos have been extensively studied over the past two decades, short Agos, found exclusively in prokaryotes, have recently gained attention for their roles in prokaryotic immune defence against mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids and phages. Notable functional and structural studies provide invaluable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of representative short Ago systems. Despite the diverse domain arrangements, short Agos generally form heterodimeric complexes with their associated effector proteins, activating the effector's enzymatic activities upon target detection. The activation of effector proteins in the short Ago systems leads to bacterial cell death, a mechanism of sacrificing individuals to protect the community.

Unveiling the shield: Troglitazone's impact on epilepsy-induced nerve injury through ferroptosis inhibition.

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a widespread central nervous system disorder with an estimated 50 million people affected globally. It is characterized by a bimodal incidence peak among infants and the elderly and is influenced by a variety of risk factors, including a significant genetic component. Despite the use of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), drug-refractory epilepsy develops in about one-third of patients, highlighting the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. AIMS: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of troglitazone (TGZ) in epilepsy and to explore the potential mechanisms underlying its action. METHODS: We employed both in vitro and in vivo models to assess TGZ's effects. The in vitro model involved glutamate-induced toxicity in HT22 mouse hippocampal neurons, while the in vivo model used kainic acid (KA) to induce epilepsy in mice. A range of methods, including Hoechst/PI staining, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, RT-PCR analysis, Nissl staining, scanning electron microscopy, and RNA sequencing, were utilized to assess various parameters such as cellular damage, viability, lipid-ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, mRNA expression, seizure grade, and mitochondrial morphology. RESULTS: Our results indicate that TGZ, at doses of 5 or 20 mg/kg/day, significantly reduces KA-induced seizures and neuronal damage in mice by inhibiting the process of ferroptosis. Furthermore, TGZ was found to prevent changes in mitochondrial morphology. In the glutamate-induced HT22 cell damage model, 2.5 µM TGZ effectively suppressed neuronal ferroptosis, as shown by a reduction in lipid-ROS accumulation, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, and an increase in PTGS2 expression. The anti-ferroptotic effect of TGZ was confirmed in an erastin-induced HT22 cell damage model as well. Additionally, TGZ reversed the upregulation of Plaur expression in HT22 cells treated with glutamate or erastin. The downregulation of Plaur expression was found to alleviate seizures and reduce neuronal damage in the mouse hippocampus. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that troglitazone has significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of epilepsy by reducing epileptic seizures and the associated brain damage through the inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis. The downregulation of Plaur expression plays a crucial role in TGZ's anti-ferroptotic effect, offering a promising avenue for the development of new epilepsy treatments.

DdmDE eliminates plasmid invasion by DNA-guided DNA targeting.

Horizontal gene transfer is a key driver of bacterial evolution, but it also presents severe risks to bacteria by introducing invasive mobile genetic elements. To counter these threats, bacteria have developed various defense systems, including prokaryotic Argonautes (pAgos) and the DNA defense module DdmDE system. Through biochemical analysis, structural determination, and in vivo plasmid clearance assays, we elucidate the assembly and activation mechanisms of DdmDE, which eliminates small, multicopy plasmids. We demonstrate that DdmE, a pAgo-like protein, acts as a catalytically inactive, DNA-guided, DNA-targeting defense module. In the presence of guide DNA, DdmE targets plasmids and recruits a dimeric DdmD, which contains nuclease and helicase domains. Upon binding to DNA substrates, DdmD transitions from an autoinhibited dimer to an active monomer, which then translocates along and cleaves the plasmids. Together, our findings reveal the intricate mechanisms underlying DdmDE-mediated plasmid clearance, offering fundamental insights into bacterial defense systems against plasmid invasions.

Reticular Chemistry and In Situ "One-Pot" Strategy: A Dream Combination to Construct Metal-Organic Frameworks.

The establishment of reticular chemistry has significantly facilitated the development of porous materials, especially for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). On the other hand, as an alternative approach, in situ "one-pot" strategy has been explored as a promising approach to constructing MOFs, in which the synthesis of organic linkers and the sequential construction of MOFs are integrated into one solvothermal condition. This strategy can efficiently avoid the limitations faced in the traditional construction method, such as time-consuming organic synthesis and multiple separation and purification. Herein, inspired by the reaction of aldehydes and o-phenylenediamine and deep structural analysis of UiO-68, a series of tetra-, hexa-, and octa-topic carboxylic acids are synthesized using 2',3'-diamino-[1,1':4',1'"-terphenyl]-4,4'"-dicarboxylic acid and di-, tri-, and tetra-topic aldehydes as precursor. Then nine multicarboxylate-based zirconium MOFs (Zr-MOFs) are successfully constructed via the combination of reticular chemistry and in situ "one-pot" strategy. The resultant Zr-MOFs can be regarded as the partial face decoration of UiO-68. More importantly, the emission properties of resultant Zr-MOFs can be well controlled using aldehydes with tunable electronic structures. This work provides a new path to rational design and construction of porous materials with specific structures guided by reticular chemistry and conducted using in situ "one-pot" strategy.

CRISPR-AMRtracker: A novel toolkit to monitor the antimicrobial resistance gene transfer in fecal microbiota.

The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), particularly those carried on plasmids, poses a major risk to global health. However, the extent and frequency of ARGs transfer in microbial communities among human, animal, and environmental sectors is not well understood due to a lack of effective tracking tools. We have developed a novel fluorescent tracing tool, CRISPR-AMRtracker, to study ARG transfer. It combines CRISPR/Cas9 fluorescence tagging, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and microbial community analysis. CRISPR-AMRtracker integrates a fluorescent tag immediately downstream of ARGs, enabling the tracking of ARG transfer without compromising the host cell's antibiotic susceptibility, fitness, conjugation, and transposition. Notably, our experiments demonstrate that sfGFP-tagged plasmid-borne mcr-1 can transfer across diverse bacterial species within fecal samples. This innovative approach holds the potential to illuminate the dynamics of ARG dissemination and provide valuable insights to shape effective strategies in mitigating the escalating threat of antibiotic resistance.

Past and present: a bibliometric study on the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a gynecological malignancy with a high mortality rate worldwide. The unfavorable prognosis of OC is mainly attributed to the recurrent propensity. Recently, mortality from OC has exhibited a downward trend. These favorable patterns are likely to be driven by advancements in novel therapeutic regimens. However, there is a lack of visualize analysis of the application of these new drugs on women with recurrent OC (ROC). Therefore, we aimed to provide a bibliometric analysis of the evolving paradigms in the ROC treatment. Methods: Documents on ROC treatment were systematically collected from the MEDLINE database and Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). The retrieved documents were exported in the plain text file format, and files were named and saved to the paths specified by the Java application. Microsoft Excel (version 2010), Citespace (6.2.R4) and VOSviewer (1.6.19) were used for data analysis, and included the following: 1) annual publication trend; 2) contributions of countries, institutions and authors; 3) co-citation of journals and references; and 4) co-occurrence of keywords. Results: A total of 914 documents published in the MEDLINE and 9,980 ones in WOSCC were retrieved. There has been an upward trend in the productivity of publications on ROC treatment on by years. The United States was the leading contributor in this field, and the University of Texas System stood out as the most productive institution. Giovanni Scambia and Maurie Markman were the research leaders in the field of ROC treatment. The journal Gynecologic Oncology had the highest citation frequency. The reference entitled with "Niraparib Maintenance Therapy in Platinum-Sensitive, Recurrent Ovarian Cancer" got highest centrality of 0.14 in the co-citation network. Keyword analysis revealed that the focus of current ROC treatment was on platinum-based anticancer drugs, paclitaxel, angiogenesis inhibitors (AIs), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis). Conclusion: Scholars from a multitude of countries have been instrumental in the advancement of ROC treatment. The research hotspots and trend in the field of predominantly originated from leading international journals and specialized periodicals focused on gynecologic oncology. Maintenance therapy using AIs or (and) PARPis has emerged as a significant complement to platinum-based chemotherapy for patients with ROC.

The complete chloroplast genome of Semiaquilegia danxiashanensis (Ranunculaceae), a rare species endemic to Danxia landform in Guangdong, China.

Semiaquilegia danxiashanensis is currently known only from the type locality, Danxia Mountain, characterized by its spectacular red sandstone cliffscape. In this study, we assembled the complete chloroplast genome sequence of S. danxiashanensis and inferred its phylogenetic relationships. Total length of the chloroplast genome was 160,548 bp, with an overall GC content of 39%. The chloroplast genome had typical quadripartite structure and contained one LSC region (89,882 bp) and one SSC region (17,386 bp), which were separated by two IRs regions (26,640 bp, respectively). It comprised 133 genes, including 84 protein coding genes, 41 tRNA genes and eight rRNA genes. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis indicated that S. danxiashanensis was sister to S. adoxoides; meanwhile, Semiaquilegia was closely related to both Urophysa and Aquilegia in Ranunculaceae. This study sheds light on the evolutionary history of Semiaquilegia and provides preliminary data for future comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes.

Hsa-miR-483-5p/mRNA network that regulates chemotherapy resistance in locally advanced rectal cancer identified through plasma exosome transcriptomics.

BACKGROUND: Chemoresistance is the primary contributor to distant metastasis in the context of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for rectal cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. AIM: To detect the differential expression profiles of plasma exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in poor and good responders and explore the potential mechanisms of chemoresistance. METHODS: In this study, the profiles of plasma exosomal miRNAs were compared in two dimensions according to treatment responses (poor/good responders) and treatment courses (pre/post-nCRT) using RNA sequencing. RESULTS: Exosome hsa-miR-483-5p was up-regulated in good responders post-nCRT. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the target genes of hsa-miR-483-5p were mainly enriched in tumor-specific pathways, such as the MAPK signaling pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, and mTOR signaling pathway. Further analysis indicated that MAPK3, RAX2, and RNF165 were associated with inferior recurrence-free survival in patients with rectal cancer, and the profiles of MAPK3, TSPYL5, and ZNF417 were correlated with tumor stage. In addition, the expression profiles of MAPK3, RNF165, and ZNF417 were negatively correlated with inhibitory concentration 50 values. Accordingly, an hsa-miR-483-5p/MAPK3/RNF 165/ZNF417 network was constructed. CONCLUSION: This study provides insights into the mechanism of chemoresistance in terms of exosomal miRNAs. However, further research is required within the framework of our established miRNA-mRNA network.

Multivariate associations between neuroanatomy and cognition in unmedicated and medicated individuals with schizophrenia.

Previous studies that focused on univariate correlations between neuroanatomy and cognition in schizophrenia identified some inconsistent findings. Moreover, antipsychotic medication may impact the brain-behavior profiles in affected individuals. It remains unclear whether unmedicated and medicated individuals with schizophrenia would share common neuroanatomy-cognition associations. Therefore, we aimed to investigate multivariate neuroanatomy-cognition relationships in both groups. A sample of 59 drug-naïve individuals with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and a sample of 115 antipsychotic-treated individuals with schizophrenia were finally included. Multivariate modeling was conducted in the two patient samples between multiple cognitive domains and neuroanatomic features, such as cortical thickness (CT), cortical surface area (CSA), and subcortical volume (SV). We observed distinct multivariate correlational patterns between the two samples of individuals with schizophrenia. In the FES sample, better performance in token motor, symbol coding, and verbal fluency tests was associated with greater thalamic volumes but lower CT in the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices. Two significant multivariate correlations were identified in antipsychotic-treated individuals: 1) worse verbal memory performance was related to smaller volumes for the most subcortical structures and smaller CSA mainly in the temporal regions and inferior parietal lobule; 2) a lower symbol coding test score was correlated with smaller CSA in the right parahippocampal gyrus but greater volume in the right caudate. These multivariate patterns were sample-specific and not confounded by imaging quality, illness duration, antipsychotic dose, or psychopathological symptoms. Our findings may help to understand the neurobiological basis of cognitive impairments and the development of cognition-targeted interventions.

Reticular chemistry guided single-linker constructed pillar-layered metal-organic frameworks via an in situ "one-pot" strategy.

In the present work, we report a "two-in-one" strategy to construct single-linker-based pillar-layered metal-organic frameworks (PL-MOFs) guided by reticular chemistry via an in situ "one-pot" approach. Two carboxyl groups and one pyridine group are integrated into one molecular skeleton to form bifunctional organic linkers via the reaction of pyridine-containing aldehyde and bicarboxylate-containing o-phenylenediamine. During the synthesis of organic linkers, two zinc-based PL-MOFs, non-interpenetrated HIAM-3016-op and two-fold interpenetrated HIAM-3017-op, can be simultaneously constructed. The different interpenetrations for these two PL-MOFs can be attributed to the increased length of the pyridine-containing moiety. HIAM-3017-op can be utilized for Cr2O72- detection with excellent sensitivity and selectivity. The present work not only provides a novel insight to design and prepare PL-MOFs with specific structures guided by reticular chemistry, but also indicates the universality of the in situ "one-pot" strategy to construct porous materials.

How the secrets behind photocurrents are revealed in Ag-TiO2 heterostructures-based plasmonic photoelectrochemical systems: A collaborative approach of EC-SERS and photoelectrochemical methods.

Plasmon-mediated chemical reactions (PMCR) have garnered growing interest as a promising concept for photocatalysis. However, in electrochemical systems at solid-liquid interfaces, the photo-induced charge transfer on the surface of metal-semiconductor heterostructures involves complex processes and mechanisms, which are still poorly understood. We explore the plasmon-mediated carrier transfer mechanism and the synergistic effect of light and electric fields on Ag-TiO2 heterostructures, through a combination of electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical methods, with para-aminothiophenol (PATP) serving as a probe molecule. The results show that photocurrent responses are dependent on not only excitation wavelengths and applied potentials, but also the irreversibility of redox. The relationship between photocurrent responses and the chemical transformation between PATP and 4,4'-dimercaptoazobenzene is established, reflecting the photo-induced charge transfer of the heterostructures. The collaboration of spectroscopic and photoelectrochemical methods provide valuable insights into the chemical transformation and kinetic information of adsorbed molecules on the heterostructure during PMCR, offering opportunities for modulating of photocatalytic activities of hot carriers.

Surface modification prepared porous copper oxide/(Cu-S)n metal-organic framework/reduced graphene oxide hierarchical structure for highly selective electrochemical quercetin detection.

Electrochemical alkalization of (Cu-S)n metal-organic framework (MOF) and graphene oxide ((Cu-S)n MOF/GO) composite yields a new CuO/(Cu-S)n MOF/RGO (reduced GO) composite with porous morphology on screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) which facilitated the electron transfer properties in electrochemical quercetin (QUE) detection. A selective QUE detection ability has been demonstrated by the constructed electrochemical sensor (CuO/(Cu-S)n MOF/RGO/SPCE), which also has a broad dynamic range of 0.5 to 115 µM in pH 3 by differential pulse voltammetry. The detection limit is 0.083 µM (S/N = 3). In this study, it was  observed that the real samples contained 0.34 mg mL-1 and 27.7 µg g-1 QUE in wine and onion, respectively.

Durability analysis of metakaolin recycled concrete under sulphate dry and wet cycle.

This study aims to enhance the durability, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of recycled fine aggregate concrete (RFAC) subjected to the combined effects of wet-dry cycles and sulfate erosion. Dry-wet cycle tests were conducted in RFAC with different admixtures of biotite metakaolin (MK) and 15% fly ash (FA) mix (M) under 5% sulfate erosion environment. The effect of 0%, 30%, 60% and 90% recycled fine aggregate (RFA) replacement of natural fine aggregate on mass loss, cubic compressive strength, relative dynamic modulus test of RFAC, damage modeling and prediction of damage life of concrete were investigated. The results showed that the concrete cubic compressive strength and relative dynamic modulus were optimal for recycled concrete at 15% MK biotite dosing and 60% RFA substitution, and its maximum service life was accurately predicted to be about 578 cycles under 5% sulfate dry-wet cycling using Weibull function model. This study is pioneering in addressing the durability of RFAC under sulfate attack combined with wet-dry cycling, employing a novel approach of incorporating MK and FA into RFAC. The findings highlight the practical application potential for using MK and FA in RFAC to produce durable and sustainable construction materials, particularly in sulfate-exposed environments. This research addresses a critical challenge in the construction industry, providing valuable insights for developing more durable and eco-friendly construction materials and contributing to long-term sustainability goals.

Early colorectal cancer screening-no time to lose.

In this editorial, we comment on the article entitled "Stage at diagnosis of colorectal cancer through diagnostic route: Who should be screened?" by Agatsuma et al. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is emerging as an important health issue as its incidence continues to rise globally, adversely affecting the quality of life. Although the public has become more aware of CRC prevention, most patients lack screening awareness. Some poor lifestyle practices can lead to CRC and symptoms can appear in the early stages of CRC. However, due to the lack of awareness of the disease, most of the CRC patients are diagnosed already at an advanced stage and have a poor prognosis.

Lung ultrasound score evaluation of the effect of pressure-controlled ventilation volume-guaranteed on patients undergoing laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy (LARG) is the standard treatment for early-stage gastric carcinoma (GC). However, the negative impact of this procedure on respiratory function requires the optimized intraoperative management of patients in terms of ventilation. AIM: To investigate the influence of pressure-controlled ventilation volume-guaranteed (PCV-VG) and volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) on blood gas analysis and pulmonary ventilation in patients undergoing LARG for GC based on the lung ultrasound score (LUS). METHODS: The study included 103 patients with GC undergoing LARG from May 2020 to May 2023, with 52 cases undergoing PCV-VG (research group) and 51 cases undergoing VCV (control group). LUS were recorded at the time of entering the operating room (T0), 20 minutes after anesthesia with endotracheal intubation (T1), 30 minutes after artificial pneumoperitoneum (PP) establishment (T2), and 15 minutes after endotracheal tube removal (T5). For blood gas analysis, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) were observed. Peak airway pressure (Ppeak), plateau pressure (Pplat), mean airway pressure (Pmean), and dynamic pulmonary compliance (Cdyn) were recorded at T1 and T2, 1 hour after PP establishment (T3), and at the end of the operation (T4). Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) were recorded. Pre- and postoperative serum interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Compared with those at T0, the whole, anterior, lateral, posterior, upper, lower, left, and right lung LUS of the research group were significantly reduced at T1, T2, and T5; in the control group, the LUS of the whole and partial lung regions (posterior, lower, and right lung) decreased significantly at T2, while at T5, the LUS of the whole and some regions (lateral, lower, and left lung) increased significantly. In comparison with the control group, the whole and regional LUS of the research group were reduced at T1, T2, and T5, with an increase in PaO2, decrease in PaCO2, reduction in Ppeak at T1 to T4, increase in Pmean and Cdyn, and decrease in Pplat at T4, all significant. The research group showed a significantly lower incidence of PPCs than the control group within 3 days postoperatively. Postoperative IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α significantly increased in both groups, with even higher levels in the control group. CONCLUSION: LUS can indicate intraoperative non-uniformity and postural changes in pulmonary ventilation under PCV-VG and VCV. Under the lung protective ventilation strategy, the PCV-VG mode more significantly improved intraoperative lung ventilation in patients undergoing LARG for GC and reduced lung injury-related cytokine production, thereby alleviating lung injury.

Sm-like 5 knockdown inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of colon cancer cells by upregulating p53, CDKN1A and TNFRSF10B.

BACKGROUND: The role of Sm-like 5 (LSM5) in colon cancer has not been determined. In this study, we investigated the role of LSM5 in progression of colon cancer and the potential underlying mechanism involved. AIM: To determine the role of LSM5 in the progression of colon cancer and the potential underlying mechanism involved. METHODS: The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database and the Human Protein Atlas website were used for LSM5 expression analysis and prognosis analysis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were utilized to detect the expression of mRNAs and proteins. A lentivirus targeting LSM5 was constructed and transfected into colon cancer cells to silence LSM5 expression. Proliferation and apoptosis assays were also conducted to evaluate the growth of the colon cancer cells. Human GeneChip assay and bioinformatics analysis were performed to identify the potential underlying mechanism of LSM5 in colon cancer. RESULTS: LSM5 was highly expressed in tumor tissue and colon cancer cells. A high expression level of LSM5 was related to poor prognosis in patients with colon cancer. Knockdown of LSM5 suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Silencing of LSM5 also facilitates the expression of p53, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 10B (TNFRSF10B). The inhibitory effect of LSM5 knockdown on the growth of colon cancer cells was associated with the upregulation of p53, CDKN1A and TNFRSF10B. CONCLUSION: LSM5 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and facilitated the apoptosis of colon cancer cells by upregulating p53, CDKN1A and TNFRSF10B.