[Study on formulation and revision of detection methods of "Standards for indoor air quality (GB/T 18883-2022)" in China].

The formulation and revision of the detection methods of indoor air quality standards is an important, rigorous and delicate endeavor. This paper introduced the formulation and revision of the detection methods of the standards for indoor air quality (GB/T 18883-2022), focusing on the revision process, revision principles, main adjustments and technical points of some key indicators to facilitate users to better understand and apply the detection methods in standards for indoor air quality (GB/T 18883-2022).

[Further understanding and paying attention to normoalbuminuric diabetic kidney disease].

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has grown up to be an important issue of global public health because of its high incidence rate. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Therefore, early diagnosis and timely prevention and treatment of DKD are essential for the progress of DM. The clinical diagnosis and staging of DKD are mostly based on the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). However, clinically, DKD patients show normoalbuminuric diabetic kidney disease (NADKD) instead of clinical proteinuria. The old NADKD concept is no longer suitable and should be updated accordingly with the redefinition of normal proteinuria by NKF/FDA (National Kidney Foundation/Food and Drug Administration). Based on the relevant guidelines of DM and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and combined with the current situation of clinical research, the review described NADKD from the aspects of epidemiology, pathological mechanism, disease diagnosis, clinical characteristics and biomarkers, to arouse the new understanding of NADKD in the medical profession and pay attention to it.

[Analysis of the impact of health management measures for entry personnel on imported Dengue fever in Guangdong Province, 2020-2022].

Objective: To explore the impact of health management measures for entry personnel (entry management measures) against COVID-19 on the epidemiological characteristics of imported Dengue fever in Guangdong Province from 2020 to 2022. Methods: Data of imported Dengue fever from January 1, 2016 to August 31, 2022, mosquito density surveillance from 2016 to 2021, and international airline passengers and Dengue fever annual reported cases from 2011 to 2021 in Guangdong were collected. Comparative analysis was conducted to explore changes in the epidemic characteristics of imported Dengue fever before the implementation of entry management measures (from January 1, 2016 to March 20, 2020) and after the implementation (from March 21, 2020 to August 31, 2022). Results: From March 21, 2020, to August 31, 2022, a total of 52 cases of imported Dengue fever cases were reported, with an imported risk intensity of 0.12, which were lower than those before implementation of entry management measures (1 828, 5.29). No significant differences were found in the characteristics of imported cases before and after implementation of entry management measures, including seasonality, sex, age, career, and imported countries (all P>0.05). 59.62% (31/52) of cases were found at the centralized isolation sites and 38.46% (20/52) at the entry ports. However, before implementation of entry management measures, 95.08% (1 738/1 828) of cases were found in hospitals. Among 51 cases who had provided entry dates, 82.35% (42/51) and 98.04% (50/51) of cases were found within seven days and fourteen days after entry, slightly higher than before implementation [(72.69%(362/498) and 97.59% (486/498)]. There was significant difference between the monthly mean values of Aedes mosquito larval density (Bretto index) from 2020 to 2021 and those from 2016 to 2019 (Z=2.83, P=0.005). There is a strong positive correlation between the annual international airline passengers volume in Guangdong from 2011 to 2021 and the annual imported Dengue fever cases (r=0.94, P<0.001), and a positive correlation also existed between the international passenger volume and the annual indigenous Dengue fever cases (r=0.72, P=0.013). Conclusions: In Guangdong, the entry management measures of centralized isolation for fourteen days after entry from abroad had been implemented, and most imported Dengue fever cases were found within fourteen days after entry. The risk of local transmission caused by imported cases has reduced significantly.

The importance of analyzing the serum C3-epimer level for evaluating vitamin D storage in some special populations.

OBJECTIVE: The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is recommended by various management agencies for evaluating the nutritional status of vitamin D (VitD). However, 25(OH)D cannot reflect the actual composition and activity of VitD in vivo. This study used UPLC-MS/MS to detect the levels of serum VitD metabolites in some special populations, so as to clarify its importance in accurately evaluating VitD storage in vivo. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 2029 subjects were enrolled, including 1204 cases in minor health (MH), 467 in the minor disease (MD), 119 in the adult health (AH) and 239 in adult disease (AD). Serum VitD2 and VitD3 levels were measured by UPLC-MS/MS. Serum C3-epi concentrations were also measured in 144 subjects by a spot check method. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the levels of VitD2, VitD3 and 25(OH)D among groups (all p <0.001). According to serum level of 25(OH)D, percentage of subjects with sufficient VitD in the MH, MD, AH and AD group were 65.4%, 52.7%, 29.4% and 20.9%, respectively. After converting VitD2 activity to AVitD3, subjects with sufficient VitD in MH, MD, AH and AD group accounted for 53.2%, 40.9%, 17.7% and 11.3%, respectively. C3-epi levels in the MH (z = 7.49, p <0.001), MD (z = 7.03, p <0.001) and AD group (z = 4.68, p <0.001) were higher than that in the AH group. CONCLUSIONS: Not only the serum 25(OH)D level, but also the simultaneous detection of VitD2 and VitD3 levels will overestimate the VitD storage in some subjects. Accurate evaluation of VitD storage in these individuals also requires detection of C3-epi levels.

Super-response to guselkumab treatment in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis: age, body weight, baseline Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, and baseline Investigator's Global Assessment scores predict complete skin clearance.

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease that often leads to a diminished quality of life. Goals of treating patients with psoriasis have shifted with more focus on achieving near or complete clearance of the skin. Guselkumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-23, is effective in treating moderate-to-severe psoriasis. OBJECTIVE: To describe the baseline characteristics of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis achieving super-response (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index [PASI] 100 response at Weeks 20 and 28) after commencing guselkumab treatment. METHODS: Pooled data from VOYAGE 1 and VOYAGE 2 studies identified super-response; baseline demographic, disease and pharmacokinetic characteristics were compared with non-super-response. A stepwise logistic regression analysis identified which factors were potentially predictive of super-response status, with significance level of 0.1. RESULTS: A subset of patients randomized to guselkumab comprised this post hoc analysis (n = 664); 271 patients achieved super-response vs. 393 with non-super-response. Patient age at study entry and baseline body weight (≤90 kg vs. >90 kg), PASI, and Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) score were significant predictors of super-response status, with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 0.98 (0.967-0.993; P = 0.003), 1.42 (1.026-1.977; P = 0.034), 0.97 (0.955-0.993; P = 0.007) and 0.66 (0.433-0.997; P = 0.048), respectively. More patients with super-response achieved an early response: Week 2 PASI 75 (5.5% vs. 1.8%) and Week 8 PASI 100 (22.5% vs. 3.3%) vs. non-super-response. Median serum guselkumab concentrations through Week 28 were slightly greater in patients with super-response vs. non-super-response. CONCLUSION: Guselkumab was more likely to achieve early clinical responses (complete skin clearance) in younger patients, less obese patients and patients with less severe psoriasis.

[The Physician of the Shao Xing School in the Late Qing Dynasty -- Zhao Qingchu].

Zhao Qingchu, a Confucian physician from the Kuaiji area at the end of the Qing Dynasty, learned from famous physicians of the Shao Xing School on exogenous febirle disease (Shang Han) and the You's of the Shi Cai School, drawing from the knowledge of the both medical schools. He quickly became popular for being a physician after giving up his research of Confucianism. He had a wide physician-patient network because of his art of healing as many politicians and celebrities such like Shao Youlian, Zeng Guoquan, Ren Daorong, Xu Yingkui and Ren Fuchang,were his patients. He was taken as a typical example of being good at the medical communication among doctors and doctors-patients in the Yangtze River area in the late Qing Dynasty. For instance, he once had a variety of medical communication with famous physicians, such as Wang Yuezhen, Ma Peizhi, He Lianchen, Zhang Wanxiang, Ling Jialiu and Zhou Bodu. He investigated medical theories in terms of exogenous febirle disease (Shang Han) and integrated his thinking with various medical schools, even attempting to involving western medicine. He was also skilled in teaching his medical thinking to his disciples, such as Zhao Shuan, Yang Zhian, Lu Dongchuan and He Jiren. Zhao Qingchu compiled his medical understanding based on his practice and experiences throughout his life and published this knowledge in Cun Cun Zhai Yi Hua Gao. He had it published many times, leading to a profound influence in Shaoxing and the Jiangnan area at that time.

Clinical diagnostic performance of common laboratory indicators in primary glomerulonephritis.

OBJECTIVE: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and membranous nephropathy (MN) are common types of primary glomerulonephritis (PGD). A lack of specific clinical features makes diagnosis difficult. Kidney function indicators have been used for their diagnosis. However, the diagnostic performance of these indicators is undetermined. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate their diagnostic potential. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 101 patients with PGD were enrolled, including 50 with MN and 51 with IgAN. The healthy controls included 110 volunteers. The indicators related to kidney function, including TP, ALB, Cre, CysC, eGFR, C1q, Ure, Anti-PLA2R, complement C3, and complement C4 in serum, ACR in urine, and antinuclear antibody profile, IgG staining, IgA staining, IgM staining, C3 staining and C1q staining in tissue samples were evaluated. RESULTS: Statistical differences were found in TP, ALB, Ure, CysC, eGFR, C1q, Anti-PLA2R, complement C3, complement C4 and ACR among the three groups of subjects. ROC analysis showed that Anti-PLA2R and ACR had the highest specificity for identifying IgAN and/or MN from the healthy controls, ACR had the highest sensitivity. The Sp and Se of IgA and IgG in tissue samples for the identification of IgAN and MN were both high. Both IgAN and MN were predicted by anti-PLA2R, especially MN. In tissue samples, MN patients were more likely to be IgG positive and IgAN patients were more likely to be IgA positive. CONCLUSIONS: IgAN and MN may be differentiated using serum Anti-PLA2R, tissue IgG, and tissue IgA. Cre is only useful in middle and late stages of GPDs, ACR is an exclusion marker, and CysC and C1q cannot be used to identify MN.

[Expression and significance of TGF-ß1, p38MAPK and BMP-7 protein in liver specimens of patients with alveolar hepatic echinococcosis].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1), p38MAPK and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) protein in the liver specimens of patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, and to investigate the potential role of TGF-ß1, p38MAPK and BMP-7 protein in hepatic fibrosis caused by hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. METHODS: A total of 20 patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis were enrolled as study subjects, and hepatic specimens were sampled from the sites within 0.5 cm (Group A) and 0.5 to 1.5 cm from hepatic alveolar echinococcosis lesions (Group B), while normal liver specimens sampled from the sites 2 cm and greater from hepatic alveolar echinococcosis lesions served as controls (Group C). The fibrosis of liver specimens was pathological examined using HE and Masson staining, and the expression of TGF-ß1, p38MAPK and BMP-7 protein was quantified in liver tissues using Western blotting. The associations of TGF-ß1, p38MAPK and BMP-7 protein expression with hepatic fibrosis were assessed. RESULTS: HE staining showed the malaligned structure of hepatocytes and destruction of the structure of hepatic lobules at various degrees in liver specimens in groups A and B, with hepatocyte degeneration, atrophy and necrosis, hyperplasia of fibrous tissues and eosinophilic granulocyte infiltration seen, while no abnormal pathological alterations of liver tissues, normal hepatocyte structure and morphology and uniform size, no malaligned structure of hepatocytes, clear structure of hepatic lobules, no or mild hepatocyte degeneration or necrosis, and no eosinophilic granulocyte infiltration were seen in Group C. Masson staining showed that there was hyperplasia of multiple fibrous connective tissues in the liver portal areas in groups A and B, with fibrosis seen in hepatic lobules, while no obvious pathological changes were seen in Group C. There were significant differences seen in TGF-ß1 (P < 0.001), p38MAPK (P < 0.01) and BMP-7 protein (P < 0.05) expression in liver tissues in groups A, B and C, and higher TGF-ß1, p38MAPK and BMP-7 protein expression was quantified in groups A and B than in Group C (all P values < 0.05), while greater TGF-ß1, p38MAPK and BMP-7 protein expression was detected in Group B than in Group C (all P values < 0.05). The expression of TGF-ß1, p38MAPK and BMP-7 protein correlated positively with the severity of hepatic fibrosis (r = 0.866, 0.702 and 0.801, all P values < 0.05), and there were significant differences in TGF-ß1 (F = 72.580, P < 0.01), p38MAPK (χ2 = 31.705, P < 0.01) and BMP-7 protein expression (χ2 = 48.388, P < 0.01) among liver tissues with different degrees of fibrosis. The TGF-ß1 protein expression correlated positively with p38MAPK and BMP-7 protein expression (r = 0.607 and 0.702, both P values < 0.001), and the BMP-7 protein expression also correlated positively with p38MAPK protein expression (r = 0.456, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The interaction among TGF-ß1, p38MAPK and BMP-7 jointly participates in the development of hepatic fibrosis induced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.

Two polyurethanases PueA and PueB are major extracellular lipases partly secreted by the mediation of their cognate ABC exporter AprDEF in Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5.

Two polyurethanases PueA and PueB from Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 have been reported to have hydrolytic activity against synthetic p-nitrophenyl palmitate of lipase substrate, and PueA may play a more effective role in this activity. However, it is still unknown whether PueA and PueB play similar parts in the lipase activity against natural acylglycerols and achieve the extracellular secretion via their cognate ABC exporter AprDEF. In this study, we investigated these questions through the construction of four markerless deletion mutants in Pf5139 (Δupp derivative of Pf-5), two heterologous co-expression strains and their three control strains in lipase-free Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), and detected their lipase activities by the tributyrin plate assay and the liquid culture assay. The results showed that PueA and PueB, classified as subfamily I.3 lipases, are major extracellular lipases involved in the uptake of oil in Pf-5, and PueA plays a leading role in extracellular lipase activity. In addition, the extracellular secretion of PueA and PueB can be partly mediated via AprDEF in Pf-5 and BL21(DE3). Finally, PueA and PueB are also able to achieve the extracellular secretion without the assistance of AprDEF in Pf-5 and BL21(DE3).

[Mixed reality technology in fibula flap preparation clinical teaching application].

Objective: To explore the effect of the application of mixed reality (MR) technology in clinical teaching of fibular flap preparation. Methods: Twenty residents from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University in 2018 and 2019 participated in the present study. They were randomly divided into two groups according to the method of random drawing. The teaching content of the two groups was fibular flap preparation. The MR group was taught by using the new teaching mode which was mainly based on MR, while the conventional teaching group was educated by conventional teaching method. At the end of the training, the theoretical knowledge and operational skills of the residents were statistically analyzed to evaluate the learning effect. Questionnaire survey was also conducted. Each item in the questionnaire was scored between 0 and 5, representing poor to excellent. Results: The theoretical scores of MR group (91.4±4.4) were higher than that of the conventional teaching group (83.3±3.2) (P<0.01). The durations of preoperative marking and simulated osteotomy in MR group [(5.7±1.2) and (20.9±2.28) min, respectively] were shorter than those in the conventional teaching group [(7.2±1.7) and (26.1±3.6) min, respectively] (P<0.05). The results of the questionnaire showed that MR group had a significant improvement in the scores of classroom atmosphere, satisfaction, three-dimensional construction, theoretical knowledge and problem-solving ability (P<0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in scores of learning concentration between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: The application of MR technology achieved a better teaching effect, which could help residents to deeply understand the methods of fibular flap preparation, and showed a broad application prospect.

Five-year maintenance of clinical response and health-related quality of life improvements in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis treated with guselkumab: results from VOYAGE 1 and VOYAGE 2.

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic disease requiring long-term therapy. OBJECTIVES: Physician- and patient-reported outcomes were evaluated through week 252 in VOYAGE 1 and VOYAGE 2. METHODS: In total, 1829 patients were randomized at baseline to receive guselkumab 100 mg every 8 weeks, placebo or adalimumab. Patients receiving placebo crossed over to guselkumab at week 16. Patients receiving adalimumab crossed over to guselkumab at week 52 in VOYAGE 1, and randomized withdrawal and retreatment occurred at weeks 28-76 in VOYAGE 2; all patients then received open-label guselkumab through week 252. Efficacy and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) endpoints were analysed through week 252. Safety was monitored through week 264. RESULTS: The proportions of patients in the guselkumab group who achieved clinical responses at week 252 in VOYAGE 1 and VOYAGE 2, respectively, were 84·1% and 82·0% [≥ 90% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)]; 82·4% and 85·0% [Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) 0 or 1]; 52·7% and 53·0% (100% improvement in PASI) and 54·7% and 55·5% (IGA 0). HRQoL endpoints were achieved as follows: 72·7% and 71·1% of patients (Dermatology Life Quality Index 0 or 1: no effect on patient's life); 42·4% and 42·0% [Psoriasis Symptoms and Signs Diary (PSSD) symptom score = 0] and 33·0% and 31·0% (PSSD sign score = 0). As measured in VOYAGE 2 only, approximately 45% of patients achieved ≥ 5-point reduction in Short Form-36 physical and mental component scores, and 80% reported no anxiety or depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores < 8). Similar findings were reported for adalimumab crossovers. These effects were maintained from week 52 in VOYAGE 1 and week 100 in VOYAGE 2. No new safety signals were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Guselkumab maintains high levels of clinical response and improvement in patient-reported outcomes through 5 years in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis.

Enhanced high temperature ferromagnetism in Bi1-x R x FeO3 (R = Dy, Y) compounds.

In this work we report experimental evidence for the weak high-temperature ferromagnetism in Bi1-x R x FeO3 (R = Dy, Y) compounds by systematic characterizations, excluding the possible side-effects from other iron-based impurities. Remarkable saturated magnetic moment was observed in the Y-substituted samples, Bi1-x Y x FeO3, which is larger than the moment obtained in Bi1-x Dy x FeO3, the Dy-substituted samples with antiferromagnetic background. The physical origin of the weak ferromagnetic transition is discussed and serious lattice distortions have been identified based on the x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering data, although the rhombohedral structure symmetry remains unchanged upon the substitutions. It is believed that the structural distortion suppressed cycloid spin structure is the main factor for the enhanced magnetization in Bi1-x R x FeO3 compounds. Additionally, the Dy3+-Fe3+ antiferromagnetic coupling, which strengthens the antiferromagnetic interaction in Bi1-x Dy x FeO3 compounds, acts as the driving force for the magnetic discrepancy between Bi1-x Y x FeO3 and Bi1-x Dy x FeO3 samples.

[The epidemic and prevention of plagues in modern Shanghai].

It was found that a variety of plagues were prevalent in Shanghai at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, by analysing and synthesising the epidemic situation, the causes of the epidemic, the social impact, and prevention and control measures. These plagues led to serious social harm and economic losses. Their causes were believed closely related to some factors, such as urban environment, population flow, and climate changes. Their prevention appeared to be applicable and effective. The Shanghai concession and Chinese authorities organised society to fight against plagues and stabilise the social order. Charity organisations of the local communities were also involved in social support. It was found that more can be done in studies on interdisciplinary synthesis, comparative study of epidemic prevention measures of managers, and of traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment.

Treatment of granuloma annulare and related granulomatous diseases with sulphasalazine: a series of 16 cases.

BACKGROUND: Granuloma annulare (GA) and the related annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma (AEGCG) and interstitial granulomatous dermatitis (IGD) are idiopathic histiocytic inflammatory disorders, which are frequently recalcitrant to treatment. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the efficacy of sulphasalazine in treating GA, AEGCG and IGD. METHODS: Sixteen patients were identified with granulomatous disease who were treated with sulphasalazine between September 2015 and September 2019. Outcomes were based on patients' and providers' subjective evaluations. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were included in the study (ages 56-89, four male and twelve female). Previous treatments were attempted in fifteen patients. Clinical improvement was seen in fourteen patients (87.5%). Initial improvement was noted within a mean (SD) of 66.4 (35.1) days after starting therapy, with increasing benefits over time. Ten patients (62.5%) reported complete or near-complete clearance, three patients (18.8%) reported significant improvement, and one (6.3%) reported partial improvement. Twelve patients elected to stop or reduce therapy, resulting in relapse or worsening in five patients. CONCLUSIONS: Sulphasalazine may be considered as treatment for GA and GA-related conditions.

Urinary microRNAs miR-15b and miR-30a as novel noninvasive biomarkers for gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury.

MicroRNAs serve as potential biomarkers in various pathological models, and are stable and detectable in biofluids. We investigated the urinary microRNA expression profile in a gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury canine model using RNA sequencing. A total of 234 differentially expressed microRNAs were screened after 12 consecutive days of gentamicin administration (P < 0.05). Six candidate microRNAs (miR-15b, -15b-3p, -16, -30a, -30a-3p, and -30c-2-3p) were selected according to a set criterion, and validated by real-time quantitative PCR. The diagnostic values of these six candidate microRNAs were better than the traditional serum biomarkers (all P < 0.05). Further, using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we found that miR-15b and -15b-3p were superior to urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (both P < 0.05). Moreover, miR-15b and -30a levels in the urine samples significantly correlated with their respective levels in the kidney tissue samples (r=0.512 and 0.505, respectively, both P < 0.05). Our data concluded that miR-15b and -30a may be promising biomarkers for renal toxicity.

Construction of SNP-STR Multiplex Amplification System with Genetic Markers and Its Forensic Application.

ABSTRACT: Objective To select and develop a SNP-STR multiplex amplification system with genetic markers compatible with current STR databases. To understand its genetic polymorphisms in Sichuan Han population and its application value in DNA mixture analysis. Methods Based on the STR genetic markers in commercial kits, SNPs adjacent to these STR markers were selected to be SNP-STR genetic markers. A SNP-STR multiplex amplification system with genetic markers based on allele-specific amplification was constructed using allele-specific amplification primers. The genetic polymorphism of the system in the Sichuan Han population was investigated and the efficiency of systems with different numbers of loci to detect the two individual DNA mixture samples was evaluated. Results An allele-specific multiplex amplification system constituted of 13 SNP-STR genetic markers was selected and constructed. In Sichuan Han population, the heterozygosity of each locus ranged from 0.76 to 0.88, and the combined discrimination power reached 0.999 999 999 999 999 968. In the analysis of the two individual DNA mixture samples： for single-locus amplification, the genotype of the minor components can still be detected when the mixture ratio reaches 1 000∶1; for multiple loci multiplex amplification, the maximum mixture ratio can reach 500∶1. As the number of loci in the system increased, the detection efficiency of the minor components in the DNA mixture decreased. Conclusion SNP-STR genetic markers have a higher polymorphism than STR. The multiplex amplification system made of SNP-STR genetic markers has a better analysis efficiency for mixed samples than traditional STR multiplex amplification system.