Synthesis and antimicrobical evaluation of a novel class of 1,3,4-thiadiazole: derivatives bearing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine moiety.

A series of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives bearing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine moiety were synthesized by the method of splicing active substructures. Among these derivatives, compounds 12, 13, 15-22 and 24-31 were firstly reported. All the compounds were assayed for antimicrobial activities against five fungi strains and four bacteria strains. The preliminary results indicated that compounds 25 and 28-31 showed good antifungal activities against Physaclospora piricola and Rhizoctonia solani. Compound 26 exhibited good antifungal activities against Cercospora beticola and R. solani. Most of the compounds showed better antibacterial activities against Gram-negative bacteria strains than Gram-positive bacteria strains. Compounds 25 and 28 showed the best activities against Pseudomonas fluorescence while compounds 30-31 showed good activities against Escherichia coli.

[Analysis of surgical treatment results in 120 cases of Budd-Chiari syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of the surgical treatment of patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). METHODS: The clinic data of 120 BCS patients who underwent various consecutive surgical treatments from July 2001 to October 2010 was analyzed. There were 82 male and 38 female patients, aging from 11 to 72 years with a mean age of (41 ± 13) years. All patients experienced various examinations to identify the pathological type of BCS. There were 5 cases of small hepatic veins type, 28 cases of large hepatic veins (LHV) type, 31 cases of inferior vena cava (IVC) type and 56 cases of combined obstruction of LHV and IVC. Totally, 25 patients experienced interventional treatment, include percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and/or stenting for stenosis of hepatic vein and/or IVC, 77 patients experienced open-thorax operation for BCS radical resection under protection of right atrium by-pass with extracorporeal circulation. RESULTS: Totally 97 cases were followed up from 1 to 120 months after various surgical treatment methods. Perioperative mortality was 6.2% (6/97). Follow-up period mortality was 8.2% (8/97). The restenosis of IVC and/or hepatic vein happened in 3 cases out of 25 cases in intervention treatment group in contrast with 15 cases out of 77 cases in radical resection group. The 5-year patency and survival rate of IVC/hepatic vein were 64.5% and 83.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical treatment of BCS need to get accurate diagnosis and pathological classification firstly, then, to choose appropriate therapeutic strategies based on individual pathological classification. The BCS radical resection can be an alternative method in some particular pathological classifications and the cases who failed in interventional treatment.

[Kinetic study on the photo-catalytic degradation of reactive brilliant X-3B by UVC and UVA].

Different wavelengths of UV light source were studied for the degradation of reactive brilliant red X-3B to reveal the function of wavelengths in photo-catalytic oxidation. The results showed that there were simultaneous photo-oxidation and photo-catalytic oxidation reactions for reactive brilliant red X-3B under ultraviolet light irradiation (254 nm), while under ultraviolet light irradiation (365 nm), there were only photo-catalytic reactions. The degradation of X-3B followed apparent first-order kinetics under 365 nm ultraviolet light irradiation, it also could be depicted by formulation of L-H model more precisely, while under 254 nm ultraviolet light irradiation, it followed apparent second-order kinetics. Compared with the degradation half-life of 365 nm light, the degradation half-life of brilliant red X-3B in 254 nm light decreased from 37.263 min to 0.855 min, indicating that the light quantum efficiency of short-wave UV was higher than that of the long-wave UV.

Photo-degradation of C.I. Disperse Blue 56 by UV irradiation combined with manganese minerals.

Photo-degradation of C.I. Disperse Blue 56 (DB56) by UV irradiation combined with manganese minerals (UV/MM) was investigated in this paper. Through comparative study with the UV/titanium dioxide (TiO2) process, it was found that the UV/MM method had similar photodegradation efficiency to UV/TiO2 and was slightly more effective in removing the toxicity. In the conditions of DB56 concentration = 400 mg/L, pH = 9.0, manganese minerals dosage = 20 g/L, room temperature (25 degrees C), dissolved oxygen (O2) = 50 L/h, and reaction time = 1 hour, the color and chemical oxygen demand removal percentages were up to approximately 94 and 51%, respectively. The results of this study indicate that UV/MM is an alternative approach that should be explored further in the treatment of dyeing wastewaters.

Degradation of Active Brilliant Red X-3B by a microwave discharge electrodeless lamp in the presence of activated carbon.

Degradation of Active Brilliant Red X-3B (X-3B) in aqueous solution by a microwave discharge electrodeless lamp (MDEL) in the presence of activated carbon was investigated. The preliminary results proved this method could effectively degrade X-3B in aqueous solution. The removal percentages of colour and chemical oxygen demand were up to approximately 99% and 66%, respectively, at the conditions of 0.8 g/L dye concentration, 20 g/L activated carbon, pH 7.0 and 8 min microwave irradiation time. The degradation basically belonged to first-order reaction kinetics and its rate constant was 0.42 min(-1). No aromatic organics were detected in the final treated solution, indicating that the mineralization was relatively complete. By studying the change in solution properties, it could be concluded that MDEL-assisted oxidation was the dominant reaction mechanism. In addition, the influence of operational parameters and reuse of activated carbon were also discussed.

Treatment of simulated wastewater containing Reactive Red 195 by zero-valent iron/activated carbon combined with microwave discharge electrodeless lamp/sodium hypochlorite.

A comparative study of treatment of simulated wastewater containing Reactive Red 195 using zero-valent iron/activated carbon (ZVI/AC), microwave discharge electrodeless lamp/sodium hypochlorite (MDEL/NaClO) and the combination of ZVI/AC-MDEL/NaClO was conducted. The preliminary results showed the two steps method of ZVI/AC-MDEL/NaClO had much higher degradation efficiency than both single steps. The final color removal percentage was nearly up to 100% and the chemical oxygen demand reduction percentage was up to approximately 82%. The effects of operational parameters, including initial pH value of simulated wastewater, ZVI/AC ratio and particle size of ZVI were also investigated. In addition, from the discussion of synergistic effect between ZVI/AC and MEDL/NaClO, we found that in the ZVI/AC-MEDL/NaClO process, ZVI/AC could break the azo bond firstly and then MEDL/NaClO degraded the aromatic amine products effectively. Reversing the order would reduce the degradation efficiency.

Adsorbable organic halogens generation and reduction during degradation of phenol by UV radiation/sodium hypochlorite.

The degradation of phenol by UV radiation/sodium hypochlorite (UV/NaClO) was investigated. The degradation processes were analyzed by a UV-visible spectrometer, total organic carbon analyzer, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The experimental results indicate that phenol can be photodegraded by UV/NaClO effectively. However, adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) were produced during the degradation process. Analysis of the mechanism of degradation indicates that the decrease in pH value would increase the formation of AOX. Also, dissolved oxygen greatly increased the rate of phenol degradation and reduced the formation of AOX. Therefore, appropriate conditions could increase degradation and inhibit chlorination. Adjusting the pH value and increasing the amount of oxygen were effective methods.

[Fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by composting of municipal sewage sludge and rapeseed meal].

The goal of these studies was to determine the fate of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the 94 days of composting of municipal sewage sludge with rapeseed meal. The total PAHs calculated from the sum of the amounts of the 16 PAHs in the initial mixture of municipal sewage sludge was about 1.792 mg x kg(-1). Then the content of total 16 PAHs was 0.153 mg x kg(-1) at the final of composting. The level of total PAHs fell by about 91.5% (p < 0.05) at the end of composting. While the content of humic substance increased, the content of PAHs decreased in the intermediate stages (31-61 days) of composting. The treatment by composting led to a decrease of all PAHs mainly in 16-31 d, but some differences could be observed between PAHs with three or fewer aromatic rings (N=3) and those with four or more (N=4). The PAHs with N of three or fewer (except phenanthrene) exhibited a continuous decrease, which the PAHs with N of four or more and phenanthrene showed increases between the 31-46 days. This indicates the high potential sorption mainly of PAHs with high molecular weight (N=4) plus phenanthrene, their tight adsorption makes them inaccessible for biodegradation. The high molecular weight PAHs showed a greater reduction of their bioavailability than low molecular weight (except benzo[b]fluoranthene).

Bis{2-[3-(dimethyl-amino)propyl-imino-meth-yl]-4,6-disulfanylphenolato}cobalt(II).

In the title mononuclear complex, [Co(C(12)H(17)N(2)OS(2))(2)], the Co(II) atom is four-coordinated by two N,O-bidentate Schiff base ligands, resulting in a slightly distorted trans-CoN(2)O(2) square-planar coordination.

Bis(2-cyclo-butyl-imino-methyl-4,6-dihydro-seleno-phenolato)zinc(II).

In the title complex, [Zn(C(11)H(12)NOSe(2))(2)], the Zn(II) atom is four-coordinated by two O,N-bidentate Schiff base ligands in a distorted tetra-hedral geometry.

Aqua-bis(5-methyl-pyrazine-2-carboxyl-ato)zinc(II) trihydrate.

In the title compound, [Zn(C(6)H(5)N(2)O(2))(2)(H(2)O)]·3H(2)O, the Zn(II) centre is five-coordinated by two O,N-bidentate Schiff base ligands and one O atom from a water mol-ecule in a slightly distorted square-pyramidal geometry. In the crystal, the complex and uncoordinated water mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.

Bis(2-cyclo-hexyl-imino-methyl-4,6-disulfanylphenolato)zinc(II).

In the title complex, [Zn(C(13)H(16)NOS(2))(2)], the Zn(II) ion is four-coordinated by two N,O-bidentate Schiff base ligands, resulting in a distorted trans-ZnN(2)O(2) square-planar geometry for the metal ion.

Bis{2-[3-(dimethyl-amino)propyl-imino-meth-yl]-4,6-dihydro-seleno-phenolato}zinc(II).

In the title complex, [Zn(C(12)H(17)N(2)OSe(2))(2)], the Zn(II) ion is six-coordinated by two N,N',O-tridentate Schiff base ligands, resulting in a slightly distorted trans-ZnO(2)N(4) octa-hedral coordination for the metal ion.

Bis(2-benzyl-imino-methyl-4,6-dihydro-seleno-phenolato)iron(II).

In the title compound, [Fe(C(14)H(12)NOSe(2))(2)], the Fe(II) ion (site symmetry ) is four-coordinated by two N,O-bidentate Schiff base ligands, resulting in a slightly distorted trans-FeN(2)O(2) square-planar coordination for the metal ion.

Bis(2-cyclo-hexyl-imino-methyl-4,6-disulfanylphenolato)nickel(II) acetonitrile solvate.

In the title compound, [Ni(C(13)H(16)NOS(2))(2)]·CH(3)CN, the Ni(II) atom is four-coordinated by two N,O-bidentate Schiff base ligands, resulting in a distorted tetra-hedral coordination for the metal ion.

(Cyclo-hexa-necarboxyl-ato)bis-(di-2-pyridylamine)zinc(II) nitrate monohydrate.

In the title compound, [Zn(C(7)H(11)O(2))(C(10)H(9)N(3))(2)]NO(3)·H(2)O, the Zn(II) atom is five-coordinated by two bidentate di-2-pyridylamine ligands and one O atom from a cyclo-hexa-necarboxy-ate anion, resulting in a ZnON(4) square-based pyramidal coordination for the metal ion with the O atom in one of the basal positions. In the crystal, the components inter-act by way of O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Bis{2-[2-(dimethyl-amino)ethyl-imino-meth-yl]-4,6-disulfanylphenolato}cobalt(II) monohydrate.

In the title hydrated complex, [Co(C(11)H(15)N(2)OS(2))(2)]·H(2)O, the Co(II) atom (site symmetry 2) is coordinated by two O,N,N'-tridentate Schiff base ligands, resulting in a very distorted cis-CoO(2)N(4) octa-hedral geometry for the metal ion. In the crystal, the water mol-ecule (O-atom site symmetry 2) inter-acts with nearby complex mol-ecules by way of bifurcated O-H⋯(O,S) hydrogen bonds.

Diaqua-bis(cyclo-hexa-necarboxyl-ato)zinc(II) monohydrate.

In the title compound, [Zn(C(7)H(11)O(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)]·H(2)O, the Zn(II) atom (site symmetry ) is four-coordinated by two O atoms from the cyclo-hexa-necarboxyl-ate anions and two O atoms from the water mol-ecules, forming a slightly distorted square-planar coordination. The O atom of the uncoordinated water mol-ecule lies on a crysatllographic twofold rotation axis. In the crystal, the components are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.

Tetra-aqua-bis[2-(2,4-dichloro-phen-oxy)acetato]nickel(II).

In the title complex, [Ni(C(8)H(5)Cl(2)O(3))(2)(H(2)O)(4)], the Ni(II) atom (site symmetry ) adopts a slightly distorted NiO(6) octa-hedral coordination. An intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond helps to establish the conformation. In the crystal, further O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules.

4,4',6,6'-Tetra-hydro-seleno-2,2'-[(E,E)-cyclo-hexane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo-methyl-idyne)]diphenol.

In the title mol-ecule, C(20)H(22)N(2)O(2)Se(4), the dihedral angle between the pendant aromatic rings is 67.1 (2)°. The conformation is stabilized by two intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds.