Research on carbon dioxide capture materials used for carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage technology: a review.

In recent years, climate change has increasingly become one of the major challenges facing mankind today, seriously threatening the survival and sustainable development of mankind. Dramatically increasing carbon dioxide concentrations are thought to cause a severe greenhouse effect, leading to severe and sustained global warming, associated climate instability and unwelcome natural disasters, melting glaciers and extreme weather patterns. The treatment of flue gas from thermal power plants uses carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology, one of the most promising current methods to accomplish significant CO2 emission reduction. In order to implement the technological and financial system of CO2 capture, which is the key technology of CCUS technology and accounts for 70-80% of the overall cost of CCUS technology, it is crucial to create more effective adsorbents. Nowadays, with the development and application of various carbon dioxide capture materials, it is necessary to review and summarize carbon dioxide capture materials in time. In this paper, the main technologies of CO2 capture are reviewed, with emphasis on the latest research status of CO2 capture materials, such as amines, zeolites, alkali metals, as well as emerging MOFs and carbon nanomaterials. More and more research on CO2 capture materials has used a variety of improved methods, which have achieved high CO2 capture performance. For example, doping of layered double hydroxides (LDH) with metal atoms significantly increases the active site on the surface of the material, which has a significant impact on improving the CO2 capture capacity and performance stability of LDH. Although many carbon capture materials have been developed, high cost and low technology scale remain major obstacles to CO2 capture. Future research should focus on designing low-cost, high-availability carbon capture materials.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-phenyl-tetrahydro-ß-carboline-based first dual PRMT5/EGFR inhibitors as potential anticancer agents.

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are both involved in the regulation of various cancer-related processes, and their dysregulation or overexpression has been observed in many types of tumors. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of 1-phenyl-tetrahydro-ß-carboline (THßC) derivatives as the first class of dual PRMT5/EGFR inhibitors. Among the synthesized compounds, 10p showed the most potent dual PRMT5/EGFR inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 15.47 ± 1.31 and 19.31 ± 2.14 µM, respectively. Compound 10p also exhibited promising antiproliferative activity against A549, MCF7, HeLa, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, with IC50 values below 10 µM. Molecular docking studies suggested that 10p could bind to PRMT5 and EGFR through hydrophobic, π-π, and cation-π interactions. Furthermore, 10p displayed favorable pharmacokinetic properties and oral bioavailability (F = 30.6%) in rats, and administrated orally 10p could significantly inhibit the growth of MCF7 orthotopic xenograft tumors. These results indicate that compound 10p is a promising hit compound for the development of novel and effective dual PRMT5/EGFR inhibitors as potential anticancer agents.

Association of sleep duration and risk of mental disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The effects of sleep duration on the development of mental illness remain controversial. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the effects of long or short sleep duration on psychological disorders, which could reveal new ways for preventing and treating mental health conditions cheaply. METHODS: Identifying published papers was accomplished by using the following five English databases on March 16, 2022: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science databases, and Scopus. Cross-sectional and cohort studies were considered if they evaluated the association of sleep duration with all kinds of mental illness in adults. We excluded case reports, editorials, narrative reviews, and studies without detailed information on sleep duration. Summary effect-size estimates were expressed as risk ratios (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals and were evaluated using random-effect models. Mantel-Haenszel's random-effects model was used to estimate the inconsistency index (I2) and Tau2 index (measurement of heterogeneity). RESULTS: A total of 52 studies were included in this analysis, consisting of 14 cohort studies and 38 cross-sectional studies. These studies involved a combined sample size of 1,407,891 participants who met the inclusion criteria. Cohort (adjusted RR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.26-1.60, P < .001, I2 = 37.6%, Tau2 = 0.014) and cross-sectional studies (adjusted OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.57-1.77, P < .001, I2 = 79.7%, Tau2 = 0.060) concluded that short sleep duration increased mental disorder risks. The same conclusions were acquired in the subgroup analysis, especially for depression (adjusted RR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.24-1.65, P < .001, I2 = 80.4%, Tau2 = 0.082), anxiety (adjusted RR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.04-1.63, P = .002, I2 = 0.0%, Tau2 = 0.000), and PTSD (adjusted RR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.04-1.76, P = .022, I2 = 24.1%, Tau2 = 0.013) in cohort studies. The results of subgroup analysis indicated that long sleep duration was not a risk factor for depression (adjusted RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.98-1.34, P = .088, I2 = 63.4%, Tau2 = 0.045) and anxiety (adjusted RR = 1.37, 95% CI: 0.93-2.03, P = .114, I2 = 0.0%, Tau2 = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Short sleep duration, not long sleep duration, is an independent predictor of developing mental disorders, particularly anxiety and depression.

Factors associated with suicidal attempts in female patients with mood disorder.

Aim: This study aims to establish a nomogram model to predict the relevance of SA in Chinese female patients with mood disorder (MD). Method: The study included 396 female participants who were diagnosed with MD Diagnostic Group (F30-F39) according to the 10th Edition of Disease and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Assessing the differences of demographic information and clinical characteristics between the two groups. LASSO Logistic Regression Analyses was used to identify the risk factors of SA. A nomogram was further used to construct a prediction model. Bootstrap re-sampling was used to internally validate the final model. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and C-index was also used to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model. Result: LASSO regression analysis showed that five factors led to the occurrence of suicidality, including BMI (ß = -0.02, SE = 0.02), social dysfunction (ß = 1.72, SE = 0.24), time interval between first onset and first dose (ß = 0.03, SE = 0.01), polarity at onset (ß = -1.13, SE = 0.25), and times of hospitalization (ß = -0.11, SE = 0.06). We assessed the ability of the nomogram model to recognize suicidality, with good results (AUC = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.71-0.80). Indicating that the nomogram had a good consistency (C-index: 0.756, 95% CI: 0.750-0.758). The C-index of bootstrap resampling with 100 replicates for internal validation was 0.740, which further demonstrated the excellent calibration of predicted and observed risks. Conclusion: Five factors, namely BMI, social dysfunction, time interval between first onset and first dose, polarity at onset, and times of hospitalization, were found to be significantly associated with the development of suicidality in patients with MD. By incorporating these factors into a nomogram model, we can accurately predict the risk of suicide in MD patients. It is crucial to closely monitor clinical factors from the beginning and throughout the course of MD in order to prevent suicide attempts.

An Updated Overview of Synthetic α-glucosidase Inhibitors: Chemistry and Bioactivities.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a critical global health issue, affecting nearly half a billion people worldwide, with an increasing incidence rate and mortality. Type 2 diabetes is caused by the body's inability to effectively use insulin, and approximately 95% of patients have type 2 diabetes. α-glucosidase has emerged as an important therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In the past years, three α-glucosidase inhibitors have been approved for clinical use, namely acarbose, voglibose, and miglitol. However, the undesirable effects associated with these carbohydrate mimic-based α-glucosidase inhibitors have limited their clinical applications. Consequently, researchers have shifted their focus towards the development of non-carbohydrate mimic α-glucosidase inhibitors that can safely and effectively manage postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Herein, this article provides an overview of the synthetic α-glucosidase inhibitors, particularly those based on heterocycles, which have been reported from 2018 to 2022. This article aims to provide useful information for medicinal chemists in further developing clinically available anti-type 2 diabetes drugs.

Discovery of marine phidianidine-based Nrf2 activators and their potential against oxLDL- and HG-induced injury in HUVECs.

One effective strategy for treating atherosclerosis is to inhibit the injury of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and high glucose (HG). This study synthesized and evaluated a series of novel Nrf2 activators derived from the marine natural product phidianidine for their ability to protect human umbilical VECs against oxLDL- and HG-induced injury. The results of in vitro bioassays demonstrated that compound D-36 was the most promising Nrf2 activator, effectively inhibiting the apoptosis of HUVECs induced by oxLDL and HG. Furthermore, Nrf2 knockdown experiments confirmed that compound D-36 protected against oxLDL- and HG-induced apoptosis in HUVECs by activating the Nrf2 pathway. These findings provide important insights into a new chemotype of marine-derived Nrf2 activators that could potentially be optimized to develop effective anti-atherosclerosis agents.

Construction of 131I-RGDyC-PEG-PAMAM-DTX targeted drug delivery system and study of its physicochemical properties and biological activity.

OBJECTIVE: To construct a novel targeted drug delivery nanoprobe: iodine-131-arginine-glycine-aspartate-tyrosine-cysteine peptide-polyethylene glycol-fifth generation polyamide-amine-docetaxel (131I-RGDyC-PEG-PAMAM-DTX) and to investigate its physicochemical properties and biological activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Docetaxel was wrapped by solvent volatilization method, and the regression curve of DTX was constructed by high-performance liquid chromatography to determine its drug loading. The particle size of RGDyC-PEG-PAMAM-DTX was detected by dynamic light scattering. The 131I labeling was performed by a chloramine-T method and purified by Sephadex-G50 column chromatography, and it is in vitro stability and lipid-water partition coefficient was investigated. The cytotoxicity of RGDyC-PEG-PAMAM-DTX and 131I-RGDyC-PEG-PAMAM-DTX on A549 cells in vitro was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. RESULTS: Arginine-glycine-aspartate-tyrosine-cysteine peptide-PEG-PAMAM-DTX was successfully prepared by solvent volatilization with a loading capacity of about 44µg/mg. The average particle size of RGDyC-PEG-PAMAM-DTX was 57.8nm; the labeling rate of 131I-RGDyC-PEG-PAMAM-DTX by the chloramine-T method was 74.09%-76.09%, and the radiochemical purity was 88.9%-92.6% after purification. The in vitro stability showed that the radiochemical purity was above 80% after 72h in fetal bovine serum and PBS buffer (25oC and 37oC).CCK-8 assay showed that RGDyC-PEG-PAMAM-DTX and 131I-RGDyC-PEG-PAMAM-DTX had more pronounced cytotoxic effects than free DTX and 131I. CONCLUSION: Iodine-131-RGDyC-PEG-PAMAM-DTX has good physicochemical properties and apparent cytotoxic effectsandis expected to be used in treating tumors.

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict suicidal behavior in female patients with mood disorder.

Introduction: This study aims to explore the risk factors associated with suicidal behavior and establish predictive models in female patients with mood disorders, specifically using a nomogram of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 396 female individuals diagnosed with mood disorders (F30-F39) according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10). The study utilized the Chi-Squared Test, t-test, and the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test to assess differences in demographic information and clinical characteristics between the two groups. Logistic LASSO Regression Analyses were utilized to identify the risk factors associated with suicidal behavior. A nomogram was constructed to develop a prediction model. The accuracy of the prediction model was evaluated using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Result: The LASSO regression analysis showed that psychotic symptoms at first-episode (ß = 0.27), social dysfunction (ß = 1.82), and somatic disease (ß = 1.03) increased the risk of suicidal behavior. Conversely, BMI (ß = -0.03), age of onset (ß = -0.02), polarity at onset (ß = -1.21), and number of hospitalizations (ß = -0.18) decreased the risk of suicidal behavior. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the nomogram predicting SB was 0.778 (95%CI: 0.730-0.827, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The nomogram based on demographic and clinical characteristics can predict suicidal behavior risk in Chinese female patients with mood disorders.

Discovery of tetrahydroisoquinolineindole derivatives as first dual PRMT5 inhibitors/hnRNP E1 upregulators: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation.

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is an epigenetics related enzyme that has been validated as an important therapeutic target for treating various types of cancer. Upregulation of tumor suppressor hnRNP E1 has also been considered as an effective antitumor therapy. In this study, a series of tetrahydroisoquinolineindole hybrids were designed and prepared, and compounds 3m and 3s4 were found to be selective inhibitors of PRMT5 and upregulators of hnRNP E1. Molecular docking studies indicated that compounds 3m occupied the substrate site of PRMT5 and formed essential interactions with amino acid residues. Furthermore, compounds 3m and 3s4 exerted antiproliferative effects against A549 cells by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell migration. Importantly, silencing of hnRNP E1 eliminated the antitumor effect of 3m and 3s4 on the apoptosis and migration in A549 cells, suggesting a regulatory relationship between PRMT5 and hnRNP E1. Additionally, compound 3m exhibited high metabolic stability on human liver microsomes (T1/2 = 132.4 min). In SD rats, the bioavailability of 3m was 31.4%, and its PK profiles showed satisfactory AUC and Cmax values compared to the positive control. These results suggest that compound 3m is the first class of dual PRMT5 inhibitor and hnRNP E1 upregulator that deserves further investigation as a potential anticancer agent.

Rare perivascular epithelial cell tumor of the colon 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging: A case report.

RATIONALE: Neoplasms with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation (PEComas) are mesenchymal tumors that rarely occur in the colon. Here, we report the occurrence of a malignant PEcoma in the colon using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT). PATIENT CONCERNS: A 55-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain for 10 days and a self-induced abdominal mass for 3 days. 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging showed a large hypermetabolic nodule and mass in the right mid-upper abdomen with heterogeneous density and a further increase in metabolism on the delayed scan. DIAGNOSES: PEComa of the colon. INTERVENTIONS: Tumor resection was performed. OUTCOMES: The patient is well after 2 months of treatment, pending further follow-up. LESSONS: Malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumors originating in the colon are extremely rare, and our report suggests that PEComa should be considered as a differential diagnosis for 18F-FDG gastrointestinal malignancies. Additionally, 18F-FDG PET/CT may play a key role in the staging and extent of lesions in intestinal malignancies.

What impacts ecosystem services in tropical coastal tourism cities? A comparative case study of Haikou and Sanya, China.

The ecological environment of tourism-oriented towns is attracting increasing attention. Taking the cities of Haikou and Sanya as examples, we examined changes in six ecosystem services (ES), including water conservation (WC), crop production (CP), soil retention (SR), carbon storage (CS), habitat quality (HQ), and tourism recreation (TR) from 2005 to 2020. From the three perspectives of geographical environment, socioeconomic development, and tourism development force, 14 indicators were chosen to examine the impact on ES. Except for Haikou's TR, the other ES of Haikou and Sanya showed a decreasing trend from 2005 to 2020. The values of six ES were lower in coastal zones than in noncoastal zones, which were more obvious in Sanya. Specifically, the areas of low value in Sanya were concentrated in the coastal region, and the areas with low value in Haikou were primarily distributed in blocks along the coast and in bands or points in the central and southern areas. From the perspective of influencing factors, the natural environmental factors dominate in Haikou, followed by the socio-economic factors and finally the tourism development factors, while the natural environmental factors also dominate in Sanya, followed by the tourism development factors and finally the socio-economic factors. We provided recommendations for sustainable tourism development in Haikou and Sanya. This study has significant implications for both integrated management and scientific decision-making to enhance the ES of tourism destinations.

Development and validation of a prediction nomogram for non-suicidal self-injury in female patients with mood disorder.

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a highly prevalent behavioral problem among people with mental disorders that can result in numerous adverse outcomes. The present study aimed to systematically analyze the risk factors associated with NSSI to investigate a predictive model for female patients with mood disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional survey among 396 female patients was analyzed. All participants met the mood disorder diagnostic groups (F30-F39) based on the Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10). The Chi-Squared Test, t-test, and the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test were used to assess the differences of demographic information and clinical characteristics between the two groups. Logistic LASSO Regression Analyses was then used to identify the risk factors of NSSI. A nomogram was further used to construct a prediction model. Results: After LASSO regression selection, 6 variables remained significant predictors of NSSI. Psychotic symptom at first-episode (ß = 0.59) and social dysfunction (ß = 1.06) increased the risk of NSSI. Meanwhile, stable marital status (ß = -0.48), later age of onset (ß = -0.01), no depression at onset (ß = -1.13), and timely hospitalizations (ß = -0.10) can decrease the risk of NSSI. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.73 in the internal bootstrap validation sets, indicated that the nomogram had a good consistency. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the demographic information and clinical characteristics of NSSI can be used in a nomogram to predict the risk of NSSI in Chinese female patients with mood disorders.

Analysis of the relationship between supply-demand matching of selected ecosystem services and urban spatial governance: a case study of Suzhou, China.

The mismatch between the supply and demand of ecosystem services has become a critical cause of the decline of urban ecological security. Studying the supply-demand matching of ecosystem services and exploring its association with urban spatial governance are imperative for ensuring sustainable urbanization. Taking Suzhou City as a case, the supply and demand values and matching degrees of five selected ecosystem services were assessed. Additionally, we explored the relationship between ecosystem services and urban spatial governance, with a focus on urban functional zoning. The findings indicate that first, the supply value of water production, food production, carbon sequestration, and tourism and leisure fall short of the demand value, while the supply value of air purification exceeds the demand value. The spatial matching of supply and demand shows a typical circular structure, with areas in short supply predominantly located in the downtown area and its vicinity. Second, the degree of coupling coordination between the supply-demand ratio of selected ecosystem services and the intensity of ecological control is low. Urban functional zoning can affect the supply-demand relationship of selected ecosystem services, and intensified development efforts can exacerbate the mismatch between supply and demand. Third, research on the supply-demand matching of selected ecosystem services can facilitate the assessment and regulation of urban functional zoning. Urban spatial governance can be regulated based on land use, industry, and population, with a focus on achieving a better supply-demand matching of ecosystem services. Through the analysis, this paper is aimed to provide reference for mitigating urban environmental problems and formulating sustainable urban development strategies.

High expression of HILPDA is an adverse prognostic prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is a malignant tumor arising from hepatocytes or intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells, which is one of the common malignancies worldwide. Better identification of liver cancer biomarkers has become one of the current challenges. Although hypoxia inducible lipid droplet associated (HILPDA) has been reported to be associated with tumor progression in a variety of human solid cancers, it has rarely been reported in the field of hepatocellular carcinoma; therefore, in this paper, RNA sequencing data from TCGA were used to analyze the expression of HILPDA and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In addition, functional enrichment analysis of HILPDA-associated DEGs was performed by GO/KEGG, GSEA, immune cell infiltration analysis and protein-protein interaction network. The clinical significance of HILPDA in LIHC was calculated by Kaplan-Meier Cox regression and prognostic nomogram models. R package was used to analyze the combined studies. Thus, HILPDA was highly expressed in various malignancies, including LIHC, compared with normal samples, and high HILPDA expression was associated with poor prognosis (P < .05). Cox regression analysis showed high HILPDA to be an independent prognostic factor; age and cytogenetic risk were included in the nomogram prognostic model. A total of 1294 DEGs were identified between the high and low expression groups, of which 1169 had upregulated gene expression and 125 had downregulated gene expression. Overall, high expression of HILPDA is a potential biomarker for poor outcome in LIHC.

Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) Inhibitors with 3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)anilines Core Identified by Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation.

BACKGROUND: PRMT5 is a major enzyme responsible for the post-translational symmetric demethylation of protein arginine residues, which has been validated as an effective therapeutic target for cancer. Thus, many nucleoside-based PRMT5 inhibitors have been reported in the past year. OBJECTIVE: To discover a novel series of non-nucleoside PRMT5 inhibitors through a molecular docking-based virtual screening approach. METHODS: Our in-house compound library was virtually screened using the Glide program, identifying a new PRMT5 inhibitor 1. Based on the structural similarity of hit 1, a series of structure-oriented derivatives, including 3a-3e, 7a-7g, and 12a-12f, were synthesized and selected for the inhibitory activity evaluation against PRMT5, as well as cytotoxicity against MV4-11 cell. RESULTS: The analogs 7a-7e with benzimidazole core exhibited potent PRMT5 inhibitory activities, with 7e displaying the most potent activity with an IC50 of 6.81 ± 0.12 µM. In the anti-proliferative assay, compound 7e showed a strong inhibitory effect on MV4-11 cell growth. Finally, the binding mode of 7e with PRMT5 was predicted to provide insights for further structural optimization. CONCLUSION: The newly discovered PRMT5 inhibitors have potential antitumor activity against MV4-11 cells. This work highlighted this series of 3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)aniline derivatives as novel anti-cancer lead compounds targeting PRMT5, which were worthy of further investigation.

Comprehensive Analysis of Fibroblast Activation Protein Expression in Interstitial Lung Diseases.

Rationale: Sustained activation of lung fibroblasts and the resulting oversynthesis of the extracellular matrix are detrimental events for patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Lung biopsy is a primary evaluation technique for the fibrotic status of ILDs, and is also a major risk factor for triggering acute deterioration. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a long-known surface biomarker of activated fibroblasts, but its expression pattern and diagnostic implications in ILDs are poorly defined. Objectives: The present study aims to comprehensively investigate whether the expression intensity of FAP could be used as a potential readout to estimate or measure the amounts of activated fibroblasts in ILD lungs quantitatively. Methods: FAP expression in human primary lung fibroblasts as well as in clinical lung specimens was first tested using multiple experimental methods, including real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, deep learning measurement of whole slide immunohistochemistry, as well as single-cell sequencing. In addition, FAP-targeted positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging PET/CT was applied to various types of patients with ILD, and the correlation between the uptake of FAP tracer and pulmonary function parameters was analyzed. Measurements and Main Results: Here, it was revealed, for the first time, FAP expression was upregulated significantly in the early phase of lung fibroblast activation event in response to a low dose of profibrotic cytokine. Single-cell sequencing data further indicate that nearly all FAP-positive cells in ILD lungs were collagen-producing fibroblasts. Immunohistochemical analysis validated that FAP expression level was closely correlated with the abundance of fibroblastic foci on human lung biopsy sections from patients with ILDs. We found that the total standard uptake value (SUV) of FAP inhibitor (FAPI) PET (SUVtotal) was significantly related to lung function decline in patients with ILD. Conclusions: Our results strongly support that in vitro and in vivo detection of FAP can assess the profibrotic activity of ILDs, which may aid in early diagnosis and the selection of an appropriate therapeutic window.

Research status, challenges and future prospects of renewable synthetic fuel catalysts for CO2 photocatalytic reduction conversion.

In recent years, with global climate change, the utilization of carbon dioxide as a resource has become an important goal of human society to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Among them, the catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to generate renewable fuels has received great attention. As one of these methods, photocatalysis has its unique properties and mechanism, which can only rely on sunlight without inputting other energy. It is an emerging discipline with great development prospects. The core of photocatalysis lies in the development of photocatalysts with high activity, high selectivity, low cost, and high durability. This review first introduces the background and mechanism of photocatalysis, then introduces various types of photocatalysts based on different substrates, and analyzes the methods and mechanisms to improve the activity and selectivity of photocatalysts. Finally, combining the plasmon effect with photocatalysis, the review analyzes the promoting effect of the plasmon effect on the photocatalytic carbon dioxide synthesis of renewable fuels, which provides a new idea for it.

Identification of potential extracellular vesicle protein markers altered in osteosarcoma from public databases.

PURPOSE: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become promising biomarkers for cancer management. Particularly, the molecular cargo such as proteins carried by EVs are similar to their cells of origin, providing important information that can be used for cancer diagnostics, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. However, to date, molecular analysis on EVs is still challenging, limited by the availability of efficient analytical technologies, largely due to the small size of EVs. In this work, we developed a computational workflow for in silico identification of potential EV protein markers from genomic and proteomic databases, and applied it for the discovery of osteosarcoma (OS) EV protein markers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Both mRNA and protein data were computed and compared from publicly accessible databases, and top markers with high differential expression levels were selected. RESULTS: Thirty nine markers were identified overexpressed and seven found to be downregulated. These identified markers have been found to be associated with OS on different aspects in literature, demonstrating the usability of this workflow. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This work provides a list of potential EV protein markers that are either overexpressed or downregulated in OS for further experimental validation for improved clinical management of OS.

131I-Caerin 1.1 and 131I-Caerin 1.9 for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer.

Objective: To investigate the effect of the 131I-labeled high-affinity peptides Caerin 1.1 and Caerin 1.9 for the treatment of A549 human NSCLC cells. Methods: ① 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and plate clone formation assays were performed to confirm the in vitro anti-tumor activity of Caerin 1.1 and Caerin 1.9. ② Chloramine-T was used to label Caerin 1.1 and Caerin 1.9 with 131I, and the Cell Counting Kit 8 assay was performed to analyze the inhibitory effect of unlabeled Caerin 1.1, unlabeled Caerin 1.9, 131I-labeled Caerin 1.1, and 131I-labeled Caerin 1.9 on the proliferation of NSCLC cells. An A549 NSCLC nude mouse model was established to investigate the in vivo anti-tumor activity of unlabeled Caerin 1.1, unlabeled Caerin 1.9, 131I-labeled Caerin 1.1, and 131I-labeled Caerin 1.9. Results: ① Caerin 1.1 and Caerin 1.9 inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration was 16.26 µg/ml and 17.46 µg/ml, respectively, with no significant intergroup difference (P>0.05). ② 131I-labeled Caerin 1.1 and 131I-labeled Caerin 1.9 were equally effective and were superior to their unlabeled versions in their ability to inhibit the proliferation and growth of NSCLC cells (P>0.05). Conclusions: 131I-labeled Caerin 1.1 and 131I-labeled Caerin 1.9 inhibit the proliferation and growth of NSCLC cells and may become potential treatments for NSCLC.

Do socio-economic factors matter? A comprehensive evaluation of tourism eco-efficiency determinants in China based on the Geographical Detector Model.

Constructed on the total-factor analysis framework, this paper develops a comprehensive evaluation system and adopts the Super-SBM model to both analyze and enunciate the characteristics of tourism eco-efficiency in China during 2000-2017. This paper also identifies the determinants associated with spatial differentiation of tourism eco-efficiency by employing a novel geographical technique, namely the Geographical Detector Model. The results indicate that the tourism eco-efficiency exhibits great potential for growth. Besides, pure technical efficiency drives the optimized development of eco-efficiency. Also, there is significant spatial variations in eco-efficiency across different provinces and regions in China. Urbanization contributes to tourism eco-efficiency remarkably, followed by openness, technical level, economic scale, industrial structure, capital effect, environmental regulation, and tourism growth. The relational interrelations of tourism eco-efficiency determinants are the bi-enhancement and the nonlinear-enhancement interactions. The implications of research findings are discussed and may be applied to a multitude of corporate environmental-economic management scenarios.