Gibberellin 2-oxidase 1(CsGA2ox1) involved gibberellin biosynthesis regulates sprouting time in camellia sinensis.

BACKGROUND: Tea is an important cash crop and buds are its main product. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of the sprouting time of tea plants, 'Yuchunzao', which was an early sprouting tea cultivar, was studied. 'Echa 1', sprout one week later than 'Yuchunzao' in spring, was used as the control. RESULTS: A total of 26 hormonal compounds and its derivatives in tea plants were qualified by using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The result showed that GA20, GA3 and ICA were significantly different in 'Yuchunzao' than in 'Echa 1', with GA20 and GA3 up-regulated and ICA down-regulated. Based on the Illumina platform, transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 5,395 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A diterpenoid biosynthesis related gene, gibberellin 2-oxidase 1 (CsGA2ox1), was downregulated in 'Yuchunzao' compared to 'Echa 1'. CsGA2ox1 regulate the transformation of GA different forms in plants. The relative expression of CsGA2ox1 showed an adverse trend with the content of GA20 and GA3. Our results suggest that down regulation of CsGA2ox1 resulted in the accumulation of GA3 and GA20, and then promoted sprout of 'Yuchunzao'. CONCLUSION: This study provides theoretical basis of tea plants sprout and guides the tea breeding in practice.

Nanoradiosensitizers in glioblastoma treatment: recent advances and future perspectives.

Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly invasive type of brain tumor located within the central nervous system, manifests a median survival time of merely 14.6 months. Radiotherapy kills tumor cells through focused high-energy radiation and has become a crucial treatment strategy for GBM, especially in cases where surgical resection is not viable. However, the presence of radioresistant tumor cells limits its clinical effectiveness. Radioresistance is a key factor of treatment failure, prompting the development of various therapeutic strategies to overcome this challenge. With the rapid development of nanomedicine, nanoradiosensitizers provide a novel approach to enhancing the effectiveness of radiotherapy. In this review, we discuss the reasons behind GBM radio-resistance and the mechanisms of radiotherapy sensitization. Then we summarize the primary types of nanoradiosensitizers and recent progress in their application for the radiosensitization of GBM. Finally, we elucidate the factors influencing their practical implementation, along with the challenges and promising prospects associated with multifunctional nanoradiosensitizers.

[Box: see text].

Role of Triglyceride-Glucose Index in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications.

Insulin resistance (IR) is the major mechanism in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Early identification of IR is of great significance for preventing the onset of T2DM and delaying the progression of the disease. Previous studies have shown that triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index can be used as an effective surrogate marker for IR. There is a significant correlation between TyG index and T2DM and its common complications. In addition, the predictive efficacy of TyG index is better than that of other IR surrogate indicators. TyG index may not only become an important marker to identify people at high risk of T2DM and its complications, but is also expected to become a strong predictor of the prognosis of these diseases. However, there are still some challenges in the widespread application of TyG index in clinical practice. In the future, more high-quality studies are needed to clarify the assessment methods of TyG index for the prognosis of T2DM and its complications. Further investigations of the relationship between TyG index and T2DM and its complications will be expected to provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of T2DM and its complications.

GmBSK1-GmGSK1-GmBES1.5 regulatory module controls heat tolerance in soybean.

INTRODUCTION: Heat stress poses a severe threat to the growth and production of soybean (Glycine max). Brassinosteroids (BRs) actively participate in plant responses to abiotic stresses, however, the role of BR signaling pathway genes in response to heat stress in soybean remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigate the regulatory mechanisms of GmBSK1 and GmBES1.5 in response to heat stress and the physiological characteristics and yield performance under heat stress conditions. METHODS: Transgenic technology and CRISPR/Cas9 technology were used to generated GmBSK1-OE, GmBES1.5-OE and gmbsk1 transgenic soybean plants, and transcriptome analysis, LUC activity assay and EMSA assay were carried out to elucidate the potential molecular mechanism underlying GmBSK1-GmBES1.5-mediated heat stress tolerance in soybean. RESULTS: CRISPR/Cas9-generated gmbsk1 knockout mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to heat stress due to a reduction in their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of GmBES1.5 was up-regulated in GmBSK1-OE plants under heat stress conditions, and it directly binds to the E-box motif present in the promoters of abiotic stress-related genes, thereby enhancing heat stress tolerance in soybean plants. Furthermore, we identified an interaction between GmGSK1 and GmBES1.5, while GmGSK1 inhibits the transcriptional activity of GmBES1.5. Interestingly, the interaction between GmBSK1 and GmGSK1 promotes the localization of GmGSK1 to the plasma membrane and releases the transcriptional activity of GmBES1.5. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that both GmBSK1 and GmBES1.5 play crucial roles in conferring heat stress tolerance, highlighting a potential strategy for breeding heat-tolerant soybean crops involving the regulatory module consisting of GmBSK1-GmGSK1-GmBES1.5.

Loss-of-function of LIGULELESS1 activates the jasmonate pathway and promotes maize resistance to corn leaf aphids.

Corn leaf aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis) are highly destructive pests of maize (Zea mays) that threaten growth and seed yield, but resources for aphid resistance are scarce. Here, we identified an aphid-resistant maize mutant, resistance to aphids 1 (rta1), which is allelic to LIGULELESS1 (LG1). We confirmed LG1's role in aphid resistance using the independent allele lg1-2, allelism tests and LG1 overexpression lines. LG1 interacts with, and increases the stability of ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN EXPRESSED IN INFLORESCENCE MERISTEM (ZIM1), a central component of the jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathway, by disturbing its interaction with the F-box protein CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1a (COI1a). Natural variation in the LG1 promoter was associated with aphid resistance among inbred lines. Moreover, a loss-of-function mutant in the LG1-related gene SPL8 in the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana conferred aphid resistance. This study revealed the aphid resistance mechanism of lg1, providing a theoretical basis and germplasm for breeding aphid-resistant crops.

Interference of default mode on attention networks in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its association with genetic variants and treatment outcomes.

AIMS: Altered brain functional connectivity has been proposed as the neurobiological underpinnings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the default mode interference hypothesis is one of the most popular neuropsychological models. Here, we explored whether this hypothesis is supported in adults with ADHD and the association with high-risk genetic variants and treatment outcomes. METHODS: Voxel-based whole-brain connectome analysis was conducted on resting-state functional MRI data from 84 adults with ADHD and 89 healthy controls to identify functional connectivity substrates corresponding to ADHD-related alterations. The candidate genetic variants and 12-week cognitive behavioral therapy data were leveraged from the same population to assess these associations. RESULTS: We detected breakdowns of functional connectivity in the precuneus and left middle temporal gyrus in adults with ADHD, with exact contributions from decreased connectivity within the default mode, dorsal and ventral attention networks, as well as increased connectivity among them with the middle temporal gyrus serving as a crucial 'bridge'. Additionally, significant associations between the altered functional connectivity and genetic variants in both MAOA and MAOB were detected. Treatment restored brain function, with the amelioration of connectivity of the middle temporal gyrus, accompanied by improvements in ADHD core symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the interference of default mode on attention in adults with ADHD and its association with genetic risk variants and clinical management, providing insights into the underlying pathogenesis of ADHD and potential biomarkers for treatment evaluation.

The plant terpenes DMNT and TMTT function as signaling compounds that attract Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) to maize plants.

During their co-evolution with herbivorous insects, plants have developed multiple defense strategies that resist pests, such as releasing a blend of herbivory-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that repel pests or recruit their natural enemies. However, the responses of insects to HIPVs in maize (Zea mays L.) are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the Asian corn borer (ACB, Ostrinia furnacalis), a major insect pest of maize, shows a preference for maize pre-infested with ACB larvae rather than being repelled by these plants. Through combined transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis of ACB-infested maize seedlings, we identified two substances that explain this behavior: (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT) and (3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene (TMTT). DMNT and TMTT attracted ACB larvae, and knocking out the maize genes responsible for their biosynthesis via gene editing impaired this attraction. External supplementation with DMNT/TMTT hampered the larvae's ability to locate pre-infested maize. These findings uncover a novel role for DMNT and TMTT in driving the behavior of ACB. Genetic modification of maize to make it less detectable by ACB might be an effective strategy for developing maize germplasm resistant to ACB and for managing this pest effectively in the field.

Ferroptosis in Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases: A Mini Review.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell programmed death, characterized by the disturbance of iron metabolism, accumulation of lipid peroxides and disruption of cellular antioxidant system. Ferroptosis induces oxidative cell death through decrease of antioxidant capacity and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. In recent years, studies have confirmed that ferroptosis is closely related to numerous organ injuries, degenerative pathologies and even the tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance of tumors. While the effect of ferroptosis in obstetrical and gynecological diseases remains unclear and the relevant researches are still limited. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of ferroptosis, together with the potential physiological functions and pathological roles of ferroptosis in clinical obstetrical and gynecological diseases. Importantly, our review also aims to provide references for further understanding of its pathogenesis and explore potential therapeutic strategies for targeting ferroptosis in clinical obstetrical and gynecological diseases.

Association between relative muscle strength and cardiovascular disease among middle-aged and older adults in China.

BACKGROUND: The association between sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is well known. However, the clinical diagnosis of sarcopenia is complex and not suitable for early clinical identification and prevention of CVD. Relative muscle strength (RMS) is a relatively quantitative and straightforward indicator, but its association with CVD remains unclear. Hence, the objective of this research was to investigate the correlation between RMS and CVD incidence. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2011. CVD events were assessed through self-reported physician diagnoses. The RMS was determined by dividing the maximum grip strength by the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM). This study used multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves to explore the correlation between RMS and CVD incidence. Additionally, we conducted subgroup analyses to provide additional evidence supporting the association between the two variables. RESULTS: A total of 8,733 people were included in our study, with 1,152 (13.19%) CVD patients and 7,581 (86.81%) non-CVD patients. When the data were grouped according to quartiles (Q) of RMS, the inverse association between CVD and RMS remained statistically significant even after controlling for all potential confounding factors. Compared with participants in Q1 of RMS, the ORs (95% CIs) of CVD among those in Q2-Q4 were 0.99 (0.83, 1.17), 0.81 (0.67, 0.98), and 0.70 (0.57, 0.85), respectively. Moreover, the RCS results showed a negative linear correlation between the RMS and CVD incidence (P for nonlinearity = 0.555). Subgroup analysis revealed no significant interaction in any of the groups except for the sex group (P for interaction = 0.046). CONCLUSION: Our study indicated a stable negative correlation between RMS and CVD incidence. RMS is helpful for the early identification and prevention of CVD.

Di- and tri-methylation of histone H3K36 play distinct roles in DNA double-strand break repair.

Histone H3 Lys36 (H3K36) methylation and its associated modifiers are crucial for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, but the mechanism governing whether and how different H3K36 methylation forms impact repair pathways is unclear. Here, we unveil the distinct roles of H3K36 dimethylation (H3K36me2) and H3K36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) in DSB repair via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). Yeast cells lacking H3K36me2 or H3K36me3 exhibit reduced NHEJ or HR efficiency. yKu70 and Rfa1 bind H3K36me2- or H3K36me3-modified peptides and chromatin, respectively. Disrupting these interactions impairs yKu70 and Rfa1 recruitment to damaged H3K36me2- or H3K36me3-rich loci, increasing DNA damage sensitivity and decreasing repair efficiency. Conversely, H3K36me2-enriched intergenic regions and H3K36me3-enriched gene bodies independently recruit yKu70 or Rfa1 under DSB stress. Importantly, human KU70 and RPA1, the homologs of yKu70 and Rfa1, exclusively associate with H3K36me2 and H3K36me3 in a conserved manner. These findings provide valuable insights into how H3K36me2 and H3K36me3 regulate distinct DSB repair pathways, highlighting H3K36 methylation as a critical element in the choice of DSB repair pathway.

N-Doping CQDs as an Efficient Fluorescence Probe Based on Dynamic Quenching for Determination of Copper Ions and Alcohol Sensing in Baijiu.

To address an accurate detection of heavy metal ions in Baijiu production, a nitrogen-doping carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) was prepared by hydrothermal method from citric acid and urea. The as-prepared N-CQDs had an average particle size of 2.74 nm, and a large number of functional groups (amino, carbonyl group, etc.) attached on its surface, which obtained a 9.6% of quantum yield (QY) with relatively high and stable fluorescence performance. As a fluorescent sensor, the fluorescence of N-CQDs at 380 nm excitation wavelength could be quenched quantitatively by adding Cu2+, due to the dynamic quenching of electron transfer caused by the binding of amine groups and Cu2+, which showed excellent sensitivity and selectivity to Cu2+ in the range of 0.5-5 µM with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.032 µM. In addition, the N-CQDs as well as could be applied to quantitative determine alcohol content in the range of 10-80 V/V% depending on the fluorescence enhancement. Upon the experiment, the fluorescent mechanism was studied by Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which demonstrated that solvent effect played an influential role on sensing alcohol content in Baijiu. Overall, the work provided a theoretically guide for the design of fluorescence sensors to monitor heavy metal ion in liquid drinks and sense alcohol content.

[Preparation and characterization of co-loaded indocyanine green and elemene nano-emulsion in situ gel and its effect on proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells].

This study aims to prepare co-loaded indocyanine green(ICG) and elemene(ELE) nano-emulsion(NE) in situ gel(ICG-ELE-NE-gel) and evaluate its physicochemical properties and antitumor activity in vitro. ICG-ELE-NE-gel was prepared by aqueous phase titration and cold solution methods, followed by characterization of the morphology, particle size, corrosion, and photothermal conversion characteristics. The human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were taken as the model, combined with 808 nm laser irradia-tion. Cell inhibition rate test and cell uptake test were performed. ICG-ELE-NE was spherical and uniform in size. The average particle size and Zeta potential were(85.61±0.35) nm and(-21.4±0.6) mV, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading rate were 98.51%±0.39% and 10.96%±0.24%, respectively. ICG-ELE-NE-gel had a good photothermal conversion effect and good photothermal stability. The dissolution of ICG-ELE-NE-gel had both temperature and pH-responsive characteristics. Compared with free ELE, ICG-ELE-NE-gel combined with near-infrared light irradiation significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells and could be uptaken in large amounts by MCF-7 cells. ICG-ELE-NE-gel was successfully prepared, and its antitumor activity was enhanced after 808 nm laser irradiation.

The Chinese Version of the Compensatory ADHD Behaviors Scale (CABS): A Study on Reliability, Validity, and Clinical Utility.

Purpose: With the further development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) research, more and more assessment tools related to ADHD have been used. However, there is still no measurement instrument to evaluate the compensatory behavior of ADHD in China. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Compensatory ADHD Behaviors Scale (CABS) adapted in Chinese and explore ecological characteristics in adults with ADHD using the CABS. Patients and Methods: Data were collected from a sample of 306 adults (Mage = 26.43 years, SD = 5.32; 46.08% male). The original version CABS was translated into Chinese using the forward and backward translation procedures. Participants completed the CABS and questionnaires assessing ADHD symptoms and executive function. We utilized content validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion validity to test the validity. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were employed to test the reliability. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to compare ADHD subgroups based on gender, ADHD subtype, comorbidities, and medication status, while controlling for demographic variables as covariates. Results: CABS exhibited good construct validity (two factors: present-oriented and future-oriented), content validity (content validity index: 0.98), internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient: 0.85 to 0.87) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.59 to 0.88). The results of CFA showed acceptable fitness for each subscale. CABS demonstrated significant associations with inattention symptoms and plan/organizational abilities. Medicated ADHD individuals scored higher on future-oriented effectiveness subscale of CABS than non-medicated (F = 6.106, p = 0.014). Conclusion: The results indicate that the Chinese CABS exhibited good validity and reliability. It can be considered a valid tool for assessing compensatory behaviors in Chinese adults with ADHD. Further research is needed to explore the connection between medication and compensatory behavior.

LINC01133 regulates MARCKS expression via sponging miR-30d-5p to promote the development of lung squamous cell carcinoma.

LncRNAs are vital regulators for lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). However, the detailed role that LINC01133 plays in LUSC is unclear. This work sought to explore the potential function of LINC01133.Levels of LINC01133, miR-30d-5p, and MARCKS were separately tested in both tissues and cells using qRT-PCR. Proliferation was assessed through MTT experiment and apoptosis was detected upon flow cytometry. Transwell experiments were implemented to evaluate migratory and invasive abilities. The interaction between two genes was affirmed through luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down experiment. Western blotting measured the protein level of MARCKS. Animal models were established and tissues were taken for IHC analysis of MARCKS and Ki67.LINC01133 was elevated in LUSC and its downregulation could suppress proliferation, migration and invasion but induced apoptosis. LINC01133 interacted with and regulated the binding of miR-30d-5p to MARCKS. LINC01133/miR-30d-5p axis mediated proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in LUSC cells, as well as modulated tumor growth in animal models. LINC01133 interacted with miR-30d-5p to modulate MARCKS expression, contributes to promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inhibited cell apoptosis in vitro, and promoted tumor growth in vivo. These findings could provide possible therapeutic targets in view of LUSC treatment in the future.

Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Quick Delay Questionnaire (C-QDQ) and ecological characteristics of reward-delay impulsivity of adults with ADHD.

BACKGROUND: The Quick Delay Questionnaire (QDQ) is a short questionnaire designed to assess delay-related difficulties in adults. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the QDQ (C-QDQ) in Chinese adults, and explore the ecological characteristics of delay-related impulsivity in Chinese adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: Data was collected from 302 adults, including ADHD (n = 209) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 93). All participants completed the C-QDQ. The convergent validity, internal consistency, retest reliability and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the C-QDQ were analyzed. The correlations between C-QDQ and two laboratory measures of delay-related difficulties and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), the comparison of C-QDQ scores between ADHD subgroups and HCs were also analyzed. RESULTS: The Cronbach's α of C-QDQ was between 0.83 and 0.89. The intraclass correlation coefficient of C-QDQ was between 0.80 and 0.83. The results of CFA of C-QDQ favoured the original two-factor model (delay aversion and delay discounting). Significant positive associations were found between C-QDQ scores and BIS-11 total score and performance on the laboratory measure of delay-related difficulties. Participants with ADHD had higher C-QDQ scores than HCs, and female ADHD reported higher scores on delay discounting subscale than male. ADHD-combined type (ADHD-C) reported higher scores on delay aversion subscale than ADHD-inattention type (ADHD-I). CONCLUSION: The C-QDQ is a valid and reliable tool to measure delay-related responses that appears to have clinical utility. It can present the delay-related impulsivity of patients with ADHD. Compared to HCs, the level of reward-delay impulsivity was higher in ADHD.

Betaine Alleviates High-Fat Diet Induced Excessive Lipid Deposition in Gibel Carp Hepatopancreas and L8824 Cells by Enhancing VLDL Secretion through HNF4α/MTTP Pathway.

Betaine, a methyl donor, plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism. Previous studies have shown that appropriate betaine supplementation in a high-fat diet reduces triglycerides (TG) of serum and hepatopancreas in fish. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study examined whether betaine can enhance the secretion of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and sought to identify the specific mechanisms through which this enhancement occurs. A lipid accumulation model was established in gibel carp and L8824 cells using a high-fat diet and oleic acid, respectively. Different doses of betaine (1, 4, and 16 g/kg in the diet; 400 µmol in cell culture) were administered, and measurements were taken for lipid deposition, gene expression of HNF4α, MTTP, and ApoB, as well as the regulation of Mttp and Apob promoters by HNF4α. The results showed that betaine supplementation mitigated lipid droplet accumulation, TG levels, and VLDL production induced by the high-fat diet in gibel carp hepatopancreas and L8824 cells. Moreover, betaine not only increased VLDL content in the cell culture supernatant but also reversed the inhibitory effects of the high-fat diet on protein expression of MTTP, ApoB, and HNF4α in both gibel carp hepatopancreas and L8824 cells. Additionally, HNF4α exhibits transactivating activity on the promoter of Mttp in gibel carp. These findings suggest that betaine supplementation exerts its effects through the HNF4α/MTTP/ApoB pathway, promoting the assembly and secretion of VLDL and effectively reducing lipid accumulation in the hepatopancreas of farmed gibel carp fed a high-fat diet.

Cumulative residual cholesterol predicts the risk of cardiovascular disease in the general population aged 45 years and older.

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have affirmed a robust correlation between residual cholesterol (RC) and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the current body of literature fails to adequately address the link between alterations in RC and the occurrence of CVD. Existing studies have focused mainly on individual RC values. Hence, the primary objective of this study is to elucidate the association between the cumulative RC (Cum-RC) and the morbidity of CVD. METHODS: The changes in RC were categorized into a high-level fast-growth group (Class 1) and a low-level slow-growth group (Class 2) by K-means cluster analysis. To investigate the relationship between combined exposure to multiple lipids and CVD risk, a weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression analysis was employed. This analysis involved the calculation of weights for total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which were used to effectively elucidate the RC. RESULTS: Among the cohort of 5,372 research participants, a considerable proportion of 45.94% consisted of males, with a median age of 58. In the three years of follow-up, 669 participants (12.45%) had CVD. Logistic regression analysis revealed that Class 2 individuals had a significantly reduced risk of developing CVD compared to Class 1. The probability of having CVD increased by 13% for every 1-unit increase in the Cum-RC according to the analysis of continuous variables. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis showed that Cum-RC and CVD risk were linearly related (P for nonlinearity = 0.679). The WQS regression results showed a nonsignificant trend toward an association between the WQS index and CVD incidence but an overall positive trend, with the greatest contribution from TC (weight = 0.652), followed by LDL (weight = 0.348). CONCLUSION: Cum-RC was positively and strongly related to CVD risk, suggesting that in addition to focusing on traditional lipid markers, early intervention in patients with increased RC may further reduce the incidence of CVD.

Association between dietary omega-3 intake and coronary heart disease among American adults: The NHANES, 1999-2018.

BACKGROUND: Omega-3 has been extensively studied for its cardiovascular disease (CVD) benefits. However, the results of this evidence are inconsistent. Therefore, in this study, dietary omega-3 intake was investigated further in relation to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk among U.S. adults. METHODS: We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for people ages 20 years and older between 1999 and 2018 to conduct a cross-sectional survey. The Medical Condition Questionnaire (MCQ) was used to determine CHD status. We measured dietary omega-3 intake using two 24-hour dietary recall interviews. Multivariate logistic regression and subgroup analysis were used to explore the correlation between dietary omega-3 intake and CHD. The dose-response relationship between the two was analyzed with a restricted cubic spline (RCS). RESULTS: 31,184 study subjects were included, of whom 1,604 (5.14%) were patients with CHD. By quintile (Q) of dietary omega-3 intake, after adjusting for all confounding factors, compared with Q1, when total dietary omega-3, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexenoic acid (DHA) intake reached Q5, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) of CHD were 0.76 (0.60, 0.96), 0.73 (0.57, 0.94), 0.70 (0.54, 0.92), 0.66 (0.50, 0.85), 0.84 (0.69, 1.02), and 0.83 (0.64, 1.07), respectively, while EPA and DHA were not significantly associated with the disease (Trend p > 0.05). Intake of omega-3 and CHD were linearly related (P for nonlinear = 0.603). No significant interactions were found within subgroups except for the age group (P for interaction = 0.001). Sensitivity analysis and multivariate logistic regression results are generally in agreement. CONCLUSIONS: Total dietary omega-3, ALA, DPA, and ETA intake were negatively associated with CHD risk. In contrast, EPA and DHA had no significant correlation with CHD.

Impetigo herpetiformis in the second trimester: a case report and review of the literature.

Impetigo herpetiformis is a rare skin disease that most often occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy. It is currently considered as a form of generalized pustular psoriasis and the typical skin lesions comprise small sterile pustules. Here, a case of impetigo herpetiformis in the second trimester of pregnancy after 7 weeks of hydroxychloroquine administration for suspected Sjogren's syndrome is reported. Treatment with anti-infective, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive medication did not improve the patient's condition. Following delivery of a live male by emergency caesarean section at 29 weeks' gestation, the rash was reported to be completely resolved by 3 months postpartum. Previously published cases of impetigo herpetiformis in the second trimester of pregnancy that were retrieved from a search of the PubMed database are also reviewed and discussed.

The Clinical Manifestation, Executive Dysfunction, and Caregiver Strain in Subthreshold Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been suggested to be a "morbid condition" which also needs medical attention. METHODS: The present study recruited 89 children with subthreshold ADHD (sADHD), 115 children with diagnosed ADHD (cADHD), and 79 healthy controls (HC) to explore the clinical manifestation, executive functions (EFs) of sADHD, and the caregiver strain. The clinical manifestation was evaluated through clinical interviews and parent-reports. Executive functions were assessed both experimentally and ecologically. Caregiver strain was measured by a parent-reported questionnaire. RESULTS: For the clinical manifestation, both sADHD and cADHD indicated impairments when compared with HC. The comorbidities and the scaled symptoms indicated that the externalizing behaviors were relatively less serious in sADHD than cADHD, whereas the internalizing behaviors between two groups were comparable. For ecological EFs, sADHD scored between cADHD and HC in inhibition and working memory. For experimental EFs, sADHD was comparable to cADHD in inhibition, shifting, and was worse than cADHD in verbal working memory. For the caregiver strain, all scores of sADHD were between that in cADHD and that in HC. CONCLUSION: Our present findings supported the suggestion of subthreshold ADHD as "morbid condition," which should be treated with caution in clinical practice, especially for the internalizing behaviors and some key components of EFs.