The optimal management of large upper ureteral stones (> 1.5 cm) with infection in elderly patients: a comparative analysis of three minimally invasive surgical approaches.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of three minimally invasive surgical approaches for treating large upper ureteral stones complicated by infection in elderly (> 60 years) patients. METHODS: Clinical data from 95 elderly patients with large upper ureteral stones and infection, treated at our hospital between January 2018 and April 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. The surgical approaches included FURL (flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy) 33 cases, mPCNL (minimally percutaneous nephrolithotomy) 29 cases, and RLUL (retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy) 33 cases. Surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, reoperation rate, incidence of postoperative complications, and hospitalization costs were observed and compared among the three groups. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found in stone clearance rates among the three groups (P > 0.05). The FURL group exhibited advantages over the mPCNL and RLUL groups in surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay (P < 0.05). However, it also had the highest reoperation rate and hospitalization costs (P < 0.05). RLUL demonstrated superiority over the mPCNL and RLUL groups in terms of reoperation rate, incidence of complications, and hospitalization costs (P < 0.05). Notably, mPCNL exhibited the highest complication rate at 37.9% (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: For elderly patients with large upper ureteral stones complicated by infection, FURL, mPCNL, and RLUL represent effective surgical approaches. Further attention is needed regarding the perioperative safety of mPCNL. RLUL, which offers higher safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness, can be considered a primary surgical option for these patients.

Isolation and Characterization of Potassium-Solubilizing Rhizobacteria (KSR) Promoting Cotton Growth in Saline-Sodic Regions.

Cotton is highly sensitive to potassium, and Xinjiang, China's leading cotton-producing region, faces a severe challenge due to reduced soil potassium availability. Biofertilizers, particularly potassium-solubilizing rhizobacteria (KSR), convert insoluble potassium into plant-usable forms, offering a sustainable solution for evergreen agriculture. This study isolated and characterized KSR from cotton, elucidated their potassium solubilization mechanisms, and evaluated the effects of inoculating KSR strains on cotton seedlings. Twenty-three KSR strains were isolated from cotton rhizosphere soil using modified Aleksandrov medium. Their solubilizing capacities were assessed in a liquid medium. Strain A10 exhibited the highest potassium solubilization capacity (21.8 ppm) by secreting organic acids such as lactic, citric, acetic, and succinic acid, lowering the pH and facilitating potassium release. A growth curve analysis and potassium solubilization tests of A10 under alkali stress showed its vigorous growth and maintained solubilization ability at pH 8-9, with significant inhibition at pH 10. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing identified strain A10 as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Greenhouse pot experiments showed that inoculating cotton plants with strain A10 significantly increased plant height and promoted root growth. This inoculation also enhanced dry biomass accumulation in both the aerial parts and root systems of the plants, while reducing the root-shoot ratio. These results suggest that Pseudomonas aeruginosa A10 has potential as a biofertilizer, offering a new strategy for sustainable agriculture.

Drag force regime in dry and immersed granular media.

The drag force acting on an intruder colliding with granular media is typically influenced by the impact velocity and the penetrating depth. In this paper, the investigation was extended to the dry and immersed scenarios through coupled simulations at different penetrating velocities. The drag force regime was clarified to exhibit velocity dependence in the initial contact stage, followed by the inertial transit stage with a F∼z^{2} (force-depth) relationship. Subsequently, it transitioned into the depth-dependent regime in both dry and immersed cases. The underlying rheological mechanism was explored, revealing that, in both dry and immersed scenarios, the granular bulk underwent a state relaxation process, as indicated by the granular inertial number. Additionally, the presence of the ambient fluid restricted the flow dynamics of the perturbed granular material, exhibiting a similar rheology as observed in the dry case.

Mechanism of the Terahertz Wave-MXene Interaction and Surface/Interface Chemistry of MXene for Terahertz Absorption and Shielding.

ConspectusOver the past two decades, terahertz (THz) technology has undergone rapid development, driven by advancements and the growing demand for THz applications across various scientific and technological domains. As the cornerstone of THz technology, strong THz-matter interactions, especially realized as high THz intrinsic absorption in nanometer-thick materials, play a highly important role in various applications including but not limited to THz absorption/shielding, detection, etc. The rigorous electromagnetic theory has posited a maximum intrinsic absorption of 50% for electromagnetic waves by thin films, and the succinct impedance matching condition has also been formulated to guide the design of highly intrinsically absorbing materials. However, these theories face challenges when applied to the THz spectrum with an ultrabroad bandwidth. Existing thin films typically achieve a maximum intrinsic absorption within a narrow frequency range, significantly limiting the performance of THz absorbers and detectors. To date, both theoretical frameworks and experimental solutions are lacking in overcoming the challenge of achieving broadband maximum intrinsic absorption in the THz regime.In this Account, we describe how two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal carbide and/or nitride (MXene) films with nanometer thickness can realize the maximum intrinsic absorption in the ultrabroad THz band, which successfully addresses the forementioned longstanding issue. Surprisingly, traditional DC impedance matching theory fails to explain this phenomenon, while we instead propose a novel theory of AC impedance matching to provide a satisfactory explanation. By delving into the microscopic transport behavior of free electrons in MXene, we discover that intraflake transport dominates terahertz conductivity under THz wave excitation, while interflake transport primarily dictates DC conductivity. This not only elucidates the significant disparities between DC and AC impedance in MXenes but also underscores the suitability of AC impedance matching for achieving broadband THz absorption limits. Furthermore, we identify a high electron concentration and short relaxation time as crucial factors for achieving broadband maximum absorption in the THz regime. Although approaching the THz intrinsic absorbing limits, it still faces hurdles to the use of MXene in practical applications. First, diverse and uncontrollable terminations exist on the surface of MXene stemming from the synthesis process, which largely influence the electron structure and THz absorbing property of MXene. Second, MXene suffers from poor stability in the presence of oxygen and water. To address the above issues, we have undertaken distinctive works to precisely control the terminations and suppress the oxidation of MXene even at high temperature through surface and interface chemistry, such as low-temperature Lewis basic halide treatment and building a Ti3C2Tx/extracted bentonite (EB) interface. For practical application consideration, we proposed a copolymer-polyacrylic latex (PAL)-based MXene waterborne paint (MWP) with a strong intermolecular polar interaction between MWP and the substrate provided by the cyano group in PAL. This not only has strong THz EMI shielding/absorption efficiency but also can easily adhere to various substrates that are commonly used in the THz band. These studies may have significant implications for future applications of MXene nanofilms in THz optoelectronic devices.

Enhancing solid-phase extraction of tetracyclines with a hybrid biochar sorbent: A comparative study of chlorella and bamboo biochars.

Biochar, a sustainable sorbent derived from pyrolyzed biomass, has garnered attention for its efficacy in solid-phase extraction (SPE) of antibiotics, with a particular focus on tetracyclines (TCs). Despite its recognized potential, the intricate separation mechanisms operative in biochar-based SPE systems have not been fully deciphered. This investigation contrasts chlorella biochar against commercial bamboo biochar, harnessing an array of analytical methodologies-microstructure characterization, adsorption thermodynamics, competitive adsorption kinetics, H+ back titration, and selectivity adsorption studies-complemented by a Box-Behnken design for the optimization of chlorella/bamboo-SPE and subsequent application in the analysis of animal-derived foodstuffs. The study unveils that a hybrid sorbent, integrating nitrogen-doped microporous chlorella biochar with mesoporous bamboo biochar in a 95/5 mass ratio, markedly diminishes irreversible adsorption while enhancing selectivity, surpassing the performance of single biochar SPE systems. The elucidated separation mechanisms implicate a partition model, propelled by oxygen-rich functional groups on chlorella biochar and the rapid adsorption kinetics of bamboo biochar, all orchestrated by electrostatic interactions within the mixed biochar framework. Moreover, the synergy of mixed biochar-SPE with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) demonstrates exceptional proficiency in detecting TCs in animal viscera, evidenced by recovery rates spanning 80.80 % to 106.98 % and RSDs ranging from 0.24 % to 14.69 %. In essence, this research not only sheds light on the multifaceted factors influencing SPE efficiency but also propels the use of biochar towards new horizons in environmental monitoring and food safety assurance.

Transposable elements in Rosaceae: insights into genome evolution, expression dynamics, and syntenic gene regulation.

Transposable elements (TEs) exert significant influence on plant genomic structure and gene expression. Here, we explored TE-related aspects across 14 Rosaceae genomes, investigating genomic distribution, transposition activity, expression patterns, and nearby differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Analyses unveiled distinct long terminal repeat retrotransposon (LTR-RT) evolutionary patterns, reflecting varied genome size changes among nine species over the past million years. In the past 2.5 million years, Rubus idaeus showed a transposition rate twice as fast as Fragaria vesca, while Pyrus bretschneideri displayed significantly faster transposition compared with Crataegus pinnatifida. Genes adjacent to recent TE insertions were linked to adversity resistance, while those near previous insertions were functionally enriched in morphogenesis, enzyme activity, and metabolic processes. Expression analysis revealed diverse responses of LTR-RTs to internal or external conditions. Furthermore, we identified 3695 pairs of syntenic DEGs proximal to TEs in Malus domestica cv. 'Gala' and M. domestica (GDDH13), suggesting TE insertions may contribute to varietal trait differences in these apple varieties. Our study across representative Rosaceae species underscores the pivotal role of TEs in plant genome evolution within this diverse family. It elucidates how these elements regulate syntenic DEGs on a genome-wide scale, offering insights into Rosaceae-specific genomic evolution.

Directed C(sp3)-H Arylation of Free α-Aminophosphonates: Dual Models Exploration via Palladium Catalysis.

In this report, we present the dual activation models for transient directing group-directed and amino-self-directed Pd-catalyzed α-aminophosphonate side-chain C(sp3)-H arylation. Both strategies showed facile, efficient, and single regioselectivity in the reaction between free α-aminophosphonates and aryl iodides. Furthermore, the modification of amino and late-stage functionalization of the C(sp3)-P bond from products indicates potential applications for α-aminophosphonates.

Cobalt telluride regulated by nickel for efficient electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.

Replacing the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR) can not only reduce the energy required for hydrogen production but also yield the valuable chemical 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Co-based catalysts are known to be efficient for HMFOR, with high-valent Co being recognized as the main active component. However, efficiently promoting the oxidation of Co2+ to produce high-valent reactive species remains a challenge. In this study, Ni-doped CoTe (CoNiTe) nanorods were prepared as efficient catalysts for HMFOR, achieving a high HMFOR current density of 65.3 mA cm-2 at 1.50 V. Even after undergoing five successive electrolysis processes, the Faradaic efficiency (FE) remained at approximately 90.7 %, showing robust electrochemical durability. Mechanistic studies indicated that Ni doping changes the electronic configuration of Co, enhancing its charge transfer rate and facilitating the oxidation of Co2+ to high-valent CoO2 species. This work reveals the effect of Ni doping on the reconfiguration of the active phase during HMFOR.

Facile design of structurally robust, highly conductive and well-flexible hybrid film based on MXene, cellulose nanofiber and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiphoenes):polystyrene sulfonate for supercapacitors.

Robust, conductive and flexible electrode materials have been the focus of attention in portable, wearable electronics. However, it is still a significant challenge to achieve synergistic development of multiple properties simultaneously. Herein, we propose a combination of microscale design and nanostructures strategy to prepare MXene/cellulose nanofiber-poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiphoenes):polystyrene sulfonate (Ti3C2Tx/CNF-PEDOT:PSS, TC-P) hybrid film by a simple in-situ polymerization and vacuum filtration process. CNF serves as the supporting skeleton of PEDOT:PSS, effectively mitigating its self-aggregation and structural deformation due to the expansion/contraction of the polymer network. And the CNF-PEDOT:PSS composite is capable to open up the interlayer space of Ti3C2Tx, which reduces the self-stacking of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets. The strong interactions among the three components enable the hybrid film electrode to possess both flexibility and high electrochemical properties. As a result, the film electrode exhibits a remarkable tensile strength of 77.4 MPa and an excellent conductivity of 162.5 S cm-1, as well as an outstanding areal specific capacitance of 896 mF cm-2 at 4 mA cm-2. Moreover, the assembled symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) device displays a large areal energy density of 62 µWh cm-2 at a power density of 800 µW cm-2 and demonstrates a long cycle life with 85.1 % capacitance retention after 10,000 GCD cycles. This study provides an effective strategy to balance mechanical flexibility and electrochemical properties, providing an inspiration to prepare flexible electrodes that are widely applied in a new generation of portable, wearable electronics.

Shifting the Oxygen-Evolution Reaction Pathway via Cation Engineering to Activate Lattice Oxygen in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as promising electrocatalysts have been widely studied, but their performance is limited by conductivity and coordinating saturation. This study proposes a cationic (V) modification strategy and evaluates its effect on the electrocatalytic performance of CoFe-MOF nanosheet arrays. The optimal V-CoFe-MOF/NF electrocatalyst exhibits excellent oxygen-evolution reaction (OER)/hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER) performance (231 mV at 100 mA cm-2/86 mV at 10 mA cm-2) in alkaline conditions, with its OER durability exceeding 400 h without evident degradation. Furthermore, as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting, a small cell voltage is achieved (1.60 V at 10 mA cm-2). The practicability of the catalyst is further evaluated by membrane electrode assembly (MEA), showing outstanding activity (1.53 V at 10 mA cm-2) and long-term stability (at 300 mA cm-2). Moreover, our results reveal the apparent reconstruction properties of V-CoFe-MOF/NF in alkaline electrolytes, where the partially dissolved V promotes the formation of more active ß-MOOH. The mechanism study shows the OER mechanism shifts to a lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM) after V doping, which directly avoids complex multistep adsorption mechanism and reduces reaction energy. This study provides a cation mediated strategy for designing efficient electrocatalysts.

Transcriptional regulation of Znt family members znt4, znt5 and znt10 and their function in zinc transport in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco).

The study characterized the transcriptionally regulatory mechanism and functions of three zinc (Zn) transporters (znt4, znt5 and znt10) in Zn2+ metabolism in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), commonly freshwater fish in China and other countries. We cloned the sequences of znt4 promoter, spanning from -1217 bp to +80 bp relative to TSS (1297 bp); znt5, spanning from -1783 bp to +49 bp relative to TSS (1832 bp) and znt10, spanning from -1923 bp to +190 bp relative to TSS (2113 bp). In addition, after conducting the experiments of sequential deletion of promoter region and mutation of potential binding site, we found that the Nrf2 binding site (-607/-621 bp) and Klf4 binding site (-5/-14 bp) were required on znt4 promoter, the Mtf-1 binding site (-1674/-1687 bp) and Atf4 binding site (-444/-456 bp) were required on znt5 promoter and the Atf4 binding site (-905/-918 bp) was required on znt10 promoter. Then, according to EMSA and ChIP, we found that Zn2+ incubation increased DNA affinity of Atf4 to znt5 or znt10 promoter, but decreased DNA affinity of Nrf2 to znt4 promoter, Klf4 to znt4 promoter and Mtf-1 to znt5 promoter. Using fluorescent microscopy, it was revealed that Znt4 and Znt10 were located in the lysosome and Golgi, and Znt5 was located in the Golgi. Finally, we found that znt4 knockdown reduced the zinc content of lysosome and Golgi in the control and zinc-treated group; znt5 knockdown reduced the zinc content of Golgi in the control and zinc-treated group and znt10 knockdown reduced the zinc content of Golgi in the zinc-treated group. High dietary zinc supplement up-regulated Znt4 and Znt5 protein expression. Above all, for the first time, we revealed that Klf4 and Nrf2 transcriptionally regulated the activities of znt4 promoter; Mtf-1 and Atf4 transcriptionally regulated the activities of znt5 promoter and Atf4 transcriptionally regulated the activities of znt10 promoter, which provided innovative regulatory mechanism of zinc transporting in yellow catfish. Our study also elucidated their subcellular location, and regulatory role of zinc homeostasis in yellow catfish.

Determinants and impact of calcium oxalate crystal deposition on renal outcomes in acute kidney injury patients.

OBJECTIVES: Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal deposition in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients is under recognized but impacts renal outcomes. This study investigates its determinants and effects. METHODS: We studied 814 AKI patients with native kidney biopsies from 2011 to 2020, identifying CaOx crystal deposition severity (mild: <5, moderate: 5-10, severe: >10 crystals per section). We assessed factors like urinary oxalate, citrate, urate, electrolytes, pH, tubular calcification index, and SLC26A6 expression, comparing them with creatinine-matched AKI controls without oxalosis. We analyzed how these factors relate to CaOx severity and their impact on renal recovery (eGFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 3-month follow-up). RESULTS: CaOx crystal deposition was found in 3.9% of the AKI cohort (32 cases), with 72% due to nephrotoxic medication-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis. Diuretic use, higher urinary oxalate-to-citrate ratio induced by hypocitraturia, and tubular calcification index were significant contributors to moderate and/or severe CaOx deposition. Poor baseline renal function, low urinary chloride, high uric acid and urea nitrogen, tubular SLC26A6 overexpression, and glomerular sclerosis were also associated with moderate-to-severe CaOx deposition. Kidney recovery was delayed, with 43.8%, 31.2%, and 18.8% of patients having eGFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 4, 12, and 24-week post-injury. Poor outcomes were linked to high urinary α1-microglobulin-to-creatinine (α1-MG/C) ratios and active tubular injury scores. Univariate analysis showed a strong link between this ratio and poor renal outcomes, independent of oxalosis severity. CONCLUSIONS: In AKI, CaOx deposition is common despite declining GFR. Factors worsening tubular injury, not just oxalate-to-citrate ratios, are key to understanding impaired renal recovery.

Tunable High-Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of VO2 Nanowires-Based Composite.

The unique metal-insulator transition of VO2 is very suitable for dynamic electromagnetic (EM) regulation materials due to its sharp change in electrical conductivity. Here, we have developed an off/on switchable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composite by interconnecting VO2 nanowires (NWs) in poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) to form conductive networks, resulting in outstanding performance at the X and Ku bands with maximum change values of 44.8 and 59.4 dB, respectively. The unique insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) of VO2 NWs has dominated the variation of polarization loss (εp″) and conductivity loss (εσ″) for the composites, which is the mechanism of EMI shielding switching between off and on states. Furthermore, the composite exhibits good cycling stability of the off/on switchable EMI shielding performance and has excellent mechanical properties, especially with 200 times abrasion resistance without obvious weight loss. This study provides a unique approach for dynamic switching of EM response with the potential to construct practical intelligent EM response systems for next-generation smart electromagnetic devices in various scenarios.

A blind image super-resolution network guided by kernel estimation and structural prior knowledge.

The goal of blind image super-resolution (BISR) is to recover the corresponding high-resolution image from a given low-resolution image with unknown degradation. Prior related research has primarily focused effectively on utilizing the kernel as prior knowledge to recover the high-frequency components of image. However, they overlooked the function of structural prior information within the same image, which resulted in unsatisfactory recovery performance for textures with strong self-similarity. To address this issue, we propose a two stage blind super-resolution network that is based on kernel estimation strategy and is capable of integrating structural texture as prior knowledge. In the first stage, we utilize a dynamic kernel estimator to achieve degradation presentation embedding. Then, we propose a triple path attention groups consists of triple path attention blocks and a global feature fusion block to extract structural prior information to assist the recovery of details within images. The quantitative and qualitative results on standard benchmarks with various degradation settings, including Gaussian8 and DIV2KRK, validate that our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of fidelity and recovery of clear details. The relevant code is made available on this link as open source.

Application value of extreme flexion and abduction hip combined with stirrup-shaped multifunctional leg frame in blocking obturator nerve reflex in transurethral resection of bladder tumor.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness and safety of the extreme flexion and abduction hip combined with a stirrup-shaped multifunctional leg frame position in preventing obturator nerve reflex during plasma resection of bladder tumors (TUR-BT). METHODS: A total of 112 patients with bladder tumors were included in the study. The control group was placed in a lithotomy position, while the experimental group was placed in an extreme flexion and abduction hip combined with a stirrup-shaped multifunctional leg frame position. The grade of leg jerking, operation time, and some operative complications were compared between groups. RESULTS: The operation time, bleeding volume, the grade of leg jerking, second TUR-BT, and acquisition of detrusor muscle were significantly better in the experimental group compared to the control group (P = 0.018, P = 0.013, P < 0.001, P = 0.041, and P < 0.001, respectively). The grade of leg jerking in the experimental group was extremely low (distributed in grade 1 and 2), and there were no severe reactions in grade 3 and 4. CONCLUSION: The extreme flexion and abduction hip combined with a stirrup-shaped multifunctional leg frame position for TUR-BT is a safe and effective treatment method that can effectively prevent obturator nerve reflex, reduce complications, improve surgical efficacy, and reduce anesthesia dependence and risk.

Microwave-assisted solid-state pretreatment for fabrication of hemp fibres using ethanolamine at low temperature.

Conventional methods faced challenges in pretreating natural cellulose fibres due to their high energy consumption and large wastewater drainage. This research devised an efficient solid-state pretreatment method for pretreating hemp fibres using ethanolamine (ETA) assisted by microwave (MW) heating. This method produced a notable removal rate of lignin (85.4 %) with the highest cellulose content (83.0 %) at a high solid content (30 %) and low temperature (70 °C). Both FT-IR and XRD analyses indicated that the pretreatment did not alter the structure of cellulose within the hemp fibres but increased crystallinity as the CrI increased from 84 % in raw hemp fibre to 89 % in pretreated fibre. As a result, it produced hemp fibres with impressive fineness (4.6 dtex) and breaking strength (3.81 cN/dtex), meeting the requirement of textile fibre. In addition, an improvement in glucose concentration (15.6 %) was observed in enzymatic hydrolysis of the MW pretreated hemp fibres compared to the fibres pretreated without MW. Furthermore, the FT-IR and NMR data confirmed that the amination of lignin occurred even at low temperature, which contributed to the high lignin removal rate. Thus, this study presents a potentially effective energy-saving, and environmentally sustainable solid-state method for pretreating hemp fibres.

Machine learning-driven prognostic analysis of cuproptosis and disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a step towards precision oncology.

Cuproptosis and disulfidptosis, recently discovered mechanisms of cell death, have demonstrated that differential expression of key genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) profoundly influences tumor development and affects their drug sensitivity. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common subtype of kidney cancer, presently lacks research utilizing cuproptosis and disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs (CDRLRs) as prognostic markers. In this study, we analyzed RNA-seq data, clinical information, and mutation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) on ccRCC and cross-referenced it with known cuproptosis and disulfidptosis-related genes (CDRGs). Using the LASSO machine learning algorithm, we identified four CDRLRs-ACVR2B-AS1, AC095055.1, AL161782.1, and MANEA-DT-that are strongly associated with prognosis and used them to construct a prognostic risk model. To verify the model's reliability and validate these four CDRLRs as significant prognostic factors, we performed dataset grouping validation, followed by RT-qPCR and external database validation for differential expression and prognosis of CDRLRs in ccRCC. Gene function and pathway analysis were conducted using Gene Ontology (GO) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) for high- and low-risk groups. Additionally, we have analyzed the tumor mutation burden (TMB) and the immune microenvironment (TME), employing the oncoPredict and Immunophenoscore (IPS) algorithms to assess the sensitivity of diverse risk categories to targeted therapeutics and immunosuppressants. Our predominant objective is to refine prognostic predictions for patients with ccRCC and inform treatment decisions by conducting an exhaustive study on cuproptosis and disulfidptosis.

Easy conversion perovskite fluorides KCo1-xFexF3 for efficient oxygen evolution reaction.

Herein, we report an easily oxidized Co-Fe perovskite fluoride as an efficient catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In situ Raman spectroscopy showed that the presence of F promotes reconstruction to form highly active (Co3+Fe3+)OOH, and the current density of 10 mA cm-2 can be achieved at the overpotential of only 118 mV in 1 M KOH aqueous solution. This work helps to understand the role of fluoride during the OER.

Tunable VO2 cavity enables multispectral manipulation from visible to microwave frequencies.

Optical materials capable of dynamically manipulating electromagnetic waves are an emerging field in memories, optical modulators, and thermal management. Recently, their multispectral design preliminarily attracts much attention, aiming to enhance their efficiency and integration of functionalities. However, the multispectral manipulation based on these materials is challenging due to their ubiquitous wavelength dependence restricting their capacity to narrow wavelengths. In this article, we cascade multiple tunable optical cavities with selective-transparent layers, enabling a universal approach to overcoming wavelength dependence and establishing a multispectral platform with highly integrated functions. Based on it, we demonstrate the multispectral (ranging from 400 nm to 3 cm), fast response speed (0.9 s), and reversible manipulation based on a typical phase change material, vanadium dioxide. Our platform involves tandem VO2-based Fabry-Pérot (F-P) cavities enabling the customization of optical responses at target bands independently. It can achieve broadband color-changing capacity in the visible region (a shift of ~60 nm in resonant wavelength) and is capable of freely switching between three typical optical models (transmittance, reflectance, and absorptance) in the infrared to microwave regions with drastic amplitude tunability exceeding 0.7. This work represents a state-of-art advance in multispectral optics and material science, providing a critical approach for expanding the multispectral manipulation ability of optical systems.