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Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y los estados de ánimo son indicadores cruciales del bienestar en adolescentes, pero su relación con estudiantes de Antioquia, Colombia, no ha sido ampliamente estudiada. Objetivo: Determinar la CVRS y los estados de ánimo en escolares de Antioquia-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con 1957 escolares de 9 a 20 años. Se aplicaron mediciones de CVRS, ansiedad, depresión, hostilidad y alegría, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario, apoyo social de padres y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: La calidad de vida alta (CVA) es más elevada en hombres, personas con alegría, estudiantes con apoyo de padres, activos físicamente y personas de nivel socioeconómico alto y medio. AL aumentar un año de edad, disminuye en un 15 % la CVA, y al aumentar la depresión, la ansiedad y el comportamiento sedentario disminuye la CVA. Además, los niveles de depresión y ansiedad son mayores en mujeres, estudiantes mayores, sin apoyo de los padres y personas sedentarias. Conclusiones: La CVRS se asocia con estados de ánimo, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y apoyo de los padres; mientras que los estados de ánimo se asocian con el sexo, el apoyo de los padres, la CVS y el sedentarismo.
Introduction: Even though health-related quality of life (HRQL) and mood states are key indicators of the well-being of adolescents, their relationship has not been analyzed in students from Antioquia, Colombia. Objective: To determine HRQL and mood states in schoolchildren from Antioquia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,957 schoolchildren and adolescents aged between 9 and 20 years. Measurements of HRQL, anxiety, depression, hostility and happiness, physical activity, sedentary behavior, parental social support, and socioeconomic status were applied. Results: A high quality of life (HQL) was observed more frequently in male participants, students with parental support, physically active, and those belonging to medium and high socioeconomic status. HQL decreased 15% as their age increased by one year. Also, HQL was reduced when depression, anxiety, and sedentary behavior increased. Furthermore, depression and anxiety levels were higher in women, older students, as well as in those without parental control and with sedentary behavior. Conclusions: HRQL is associated with mood states, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and parental support. In contrast, mood states are related to gender, parental support, HQL, and sedentary lifestyle.
Introdução: A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (CVRS) e os estados de humor são indicadores cruciais de bem-estar em adolescentes, mas sua relação com estudantes de Antioquia, Colômbia, não foi amplamente estudada. Objetivo: Determinar a CVRS e os estados de humor em escolares de Antioquia-Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal com 1.957 escolares de 9 a 20 anos. Foram aplicadas medidas de QVRS, ansiedade, depressão, hostilidade e felicidade, atividade física, comportamento sedentário, apoio social dos pais e nível socioeconômico. Resultados: A alta qualidade de vida (CVA) é maior em homens, pessoas com alegria, estudantes com apoio parental, fisicamente ativos e pessoas de nível socioeconômico alto e médio. À medida que a idade aumenta em um ano, diminui em 15% o CVA, e ao aumentar a depressão, a ansiedade e o comportamento sedentário aumentam, o CVA diminui. Além disso, os níveis de depressão e ansiedade são mais elevados nas mulheres, nos estudantes mais velhos, sem apoio dos pais e nas pessoas sedentárias. Conclusões: A QVRS está associada a estados de humor, atividade física, comportamento sedentário e apoio parental; enquanto os estados de humor estão associados ao sexo, apoio parental, CVS e estilo de vida sedentário.
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Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Health , Emotions , Happiness , HostilityABSTRACT
O presente estudo tem por objetivo realizar um relato de experiência demonstrando a percepção de discentes do curso de odontologia na sua participação na prática da atenção primária à saúde (APS), vivenciadas em um cenário pandêmico e com base no combate a enfrentamentos e desafios impostos no processo de trabalho das equipes de saúde da família. Este estudo trata - se de relato de experiência, de caráter descritivo e retrospectivo, associado à uma pesquisa bibliográfica para que trousse o embasamento teórico necessário para a descrição do relato de experiência vivenciado. No decorrer da pandemia, a Equipe de saúde da família exerceu importante papel e atuou na linha de prevenção e controle desta, sendo uma das maiores ferramentas de apoio. Na odontologia, a atuação da equipe de saúde bucal devido a fatores de risco inerentes à esta modalidade de ocupação, ficou limitada em seu exercício. O conhecimento de muitos dos profissionais da rede pública foi colocado em questão, assim como sua vivência, limitações e o medo de contrair a doença. Os profissionais da equipe de saúde, mostraram que o trabalho interprofissional e um bom relacionamento aumentou o incentivo e a responsabilidade de equipe.
This study aims to carry out an experience report demonstrating the perception of students of the dentistry course in their participation in the practice of primary health care (PHC), experienced in a pandemic scenario and based on the fight against confrontations and challenges imposed on the work process of family health teams. This study is an experience report, descriptive and retrospective, associated with bibliographical research to bring the necessary theoretical basis for the description of the lived experience report. During the pandemic, the Family Health Team played an important role and acted in the line of prevention and control of this, being one of the greatest support tools. In dentistry, the performance of the oral health team, due to risk factors inherent to this type of occupation, was limited in its exercise. The knowledge of many public health professionals was questioned, as well as their experience, limitations and fear of contracting the disease. Health team professionals showed that interprofessional work and a good relationship increased team incentive and responsibility.
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Humans , Primary Health Care , Students, Dental , Pandemics , COVID-19 , Working ConditionsABSTRACT
The field of software engineering is advancing at astonishing speed, with packages now available to support many stages of data science pipelines. These packages can support infectious disease modelling to be more robust, efficient and transparent, which has been particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic. We developed a package for the construction of infectious disease models, integrated it with several open-source libraries and applied this composite pipeline to multiple data sources that provided insights into Australia's 2022 COVID-19 epidemic. We aimed to identify the key processes relevant to COVID-19 transmission dynamics and thereby develop a model that could quantify relevant epidemiological parameters. The pipeline's advantages include markedly increased speed, an expressive application programming interface, the transparency of open-source development, easy access to a broad range of calibration and optimisation tools and consideration of the full workflow from input manipulation through to algorithmic generation of the publication materials. Extending the base model to include mobility effects slightly improved model fit to data, with this approach selected as the model configuration for further epidemiological inference. Under our assumption of widespread immunity against severe outcomes from recent vaccination, incorporating an additional effect of the main vaccination programs rolled out during 2022 on transmission did not further improve model fit. Our simulations suggested that one in every two to six COVID-19 episodes were detected, subsequently emerging Omicron subvariants escaped 30-60% of recently acquired natural immunity and that natural immunity lasted only one to eight months on average. We documented our analyses algorithmically and present our methods in conjunction with interactive online code notebooks and plots. We demonstrate the feasibility of integrating a flexible domain-specific syntax library with state-of-the-art packages in high performance computing, calibration, optimisation and visualisation to create an end-to-end pipeline for infectious disease modelling. We used the resulting platform to demonstrate key epidemiological characteristics of the transition from the emergency to the endemic phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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As public health policies shifted in 2023 from emergency response to long-term COVID-19 disease management, immunization programs started to face the challenge of formulating routine booster campaigns in a still highly uncertain seasonal behavior of the COVID-19 epidemic. Mathematical models assessing past booster campaigns and integrating knowledge on waning of immunity can help better inform current and future vaccination programs. Focusing on the first booster campaign in the 2021/2022 winter in France, we used a multi-strain age-stratified transmission model to assess the effectiveness of the observed booster vaccination in controlling the succession of Delta, Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 waves. We explored counterfactual scenarios altering the eligibility criteria and inter-dose delay. Our study showed that the success of the immunization program in curtailing the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 waves was largely dependent on the inclusion of adults among the eligible groups, and was highly sensitive to the inter-dose delay, which was changed over time. Shortening or prolonging this delay, even by only one month, would have required substantial social distancing interventions to curtail the hospitalization peak. Also, the time window for adjusting the delay was very short. Our findings highlight the importance of readiness and adaptation in the formulation of routine booster campaign in the current level of epidemiological uncertainty.
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COVID-19 vaccine-induced protection declines over time. This waning of immunity has been described in modelling as a lower level of protection. This study incorporated fine-scale vaccine waning into modelling to predict the next surge of the Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In Hong Kong, the Omicron subvariant BA.2 caused a significant epidemic wave between February and April 2022, which triggered high vaccination rates. About half a year later, a second outbreak, dominated by a combination of BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants, began to spread. We developed mathematical equations to formulate continuous changes in vaccine boosting and waning based on empirical serological data. These equations were incorporated into a multi-strain discrete-time Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed model. The daily number of reported cases during the first Omicron outbreak, with daily vaccination rates, the population mobility index and daily average temperature, were used to train the model. The model successfully predicted the size and timing of the second surge and the variant replacement by BA.4/5. It estimated 655,893 cumulative reported cases from June 1, 2022 to 31 October 2022, which was only 2.69% fewer than the observed cumulative number of 674,008. The model projected that increased vaccine protection (by larger vaccine coverage or no vaccine waning) would reduce the size of the second surge of BA.2 infections substantially but would allow more subsequent BA.4/5 infections. Increased vaccine coverage or greater vaccine protection can reduce the infection rate during certain periods when the immune-escape variants co-circulate; however, new immune-escape variants spread more by out-competing the previous strain.
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Objective: Investigating whether mechanosensitive lncRNA H19 can directly target miR-148a to alleviate cartilage damage in post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Methods: Thirty-two female rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham-operated group (Sham group, n = 8), treadmill running group (R group, n = 8), anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) group (ACLT group, n = 8), and ACLT + treadmill running group (ACLT + R group, n = 8). Histological evaluation was performed to observe the pathological changes in the cartilage of the rat knee. Micro-CT was performed to detect the bone morphological changes in the subchondral bone. RT-qPCR and Western-Blot were performed to detect changes in mRNA and protein levels of metabolic and inflammatory factors as well as changes in the expression of lncRNA H19 and miR-148a in cartilage. The Flexcell 5000™ Tension System was used to further validate that lncRNA H19 has mechanosensitivity in vitro. Finally, cell transfection techniques were used to knock down the expression of lncRNA H19 in chondrocytes to validate the regulatory role of lncRNA H19/miR-148a in cartilage metabolism. Results: ACLT combined with treadmill running aggravated the abnormal hyperplasia of subchondral bone in the lateral tibial plateau of the rat knee joint, disturbed the balance of cartilage metabolism, induced cartilage inflammatory response and chondrocyte pyroptosis, which eventually led to cartilage damage and PTOA. Importantly, we found that the expression of lncRNA H19 was significantly downregulated in the cartilage of the ACLT + R group. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that miR-148a may be a direct target of lncRNA H19. Subsequently, we focused on the mechanosensitive of lncRNA H19. Subsequently, moderate-intensity mechanical tension stress reversed the expression of lncRNA H19 and autophagy-related factors in inflammatory chondrocytes, while miR-148a showed an opposite expression trend, demonstrating that mechanosensitive lncRNA H19 may be involved in regulating the chondrocyte inflammatory response by targeting miR-148a and activating autophagy. Cell transfection experiments revealed that lncRNA H19 knockdown upregulated miR-148a expression and significantly inhibited the autophagy level of chondrocytes without significant alteration of chondrocyte pyroptosis, which in turn exacerbated the inflammatory response of chondrocytes. Conclusions: Mechanosensitive lncRNA H19 can promote chondrocyte autophagy rather than pyroptosis by targeting miR-148a, thus alleviating cartilage damage in PTOA. LncRNA H19 may be a potential therapeutic target for PTOA.
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Background and aim: Cytokeratin 19 (CK19)-positive HCC is a subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with poor biological behavior and resistance to different treatments including transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). The current study aimed to investigate the predictive value of serum CK 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) and serum CK 19 fragment 2G2 (CK 19-2G2) for TACE response in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC. Methods: This prospective study assessed the pretreatment serum CYFRA 21-1 and CK 19-2G2 levels in 64 patients with HCV-related naïve HCC who underwent TACE to predict 1-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR). Additionally, 40 healthy individuals were included as controls. Pretreatment alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was also measured for comparison. Results: After exclusions, 60 patients completed TACE sessions, and the 1-year OS was 52%, and ORR post TACE was 71.8%. HCC patients with elevated levels of CYFRA 21-1, CK 19-2G2, or baseline AFP measuring ≥400 ng/ml have decreased 1-year OS and PFS after TACE. Serum CK19-2G2 was an independent predictor of 1-year OS using multivariate hazard regression analysis. Pretreatment normal serum CYFRA 21-1 levels (P = 0.047), serum AFP measuring <400 ng/ml (P = 0.016), and lower AST (P = 0.002) were independent predictors of ORR to TACE using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The predictive ability of pretreatment elevated serum CYFRA 21-1, AFP measuring ≥400 ng/ml, AFP + CYFRA 21-1, AFP + CK 19-2G2, or AFP + CYFRA 21-1+ CK19-2G2 to predict nonresponse (progressive disease) to TACE (area under the curve = 0.795, 0.690, 0.830, 0.725, and 0.850, respectively). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that incorporating the measurement of serum CYFRA 21-1 or CK19-2G2 levels, along with AFP, during the initial diagnosis can aid in predicting poor 1-year OS, PFS, and ORR to TACE in patients with HCV-related HCC.
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This chapter summarizes the epidemiological study design of natural immune epidemiology studies based on recent COVID-19-related research. The epidemiological studies on antiviral innate immunity have mainly included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Importantly, this chapter will discuss how to use these methodologies to answer an epidemiological question of natural immunity in the viral infection process based on previous studies. An observational case- or cohort-based study of antiviral innate immunity may support this theoretical hypothesis but is not appropriate for clinical practice or treatment. RCTs are the gold standard for epidemiological studies and occupy a greater role in the hierarchy of evidence.
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COVID-19 , Immunity, Innate , SARS-CoV-2 , Humans , COVID-19/immunology , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/virology , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Epidemiologic Studies , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Observational Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Size-fractionated particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM>2.5) was collected at a traffic site in Kanazawa, Japan in a seasonal sampling work in 2020. Nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (4- to 6-ring PAHs) were determined in fine and coarse particles. The gas/particle partitioning coefficients (Kp) of the PAHs were calculated from the supercooled liquid vapour pressure and octanol-air partitioning coefficient based on the relationships obtained in previous traffic pollution-related studies. Gaseous PAHs were estimated by Kp and the concentrations of PM and particulate PAHs. The concentrations of total PAHs were 32.5, 320.1 and 5646.2 pg/m3 in the PM>2.5, PM2.5 and gas phases, respectively. Significant seasonal trends in PAHs were observed (particle phase: lowest in summer, gas phase: lowest in spring, particle and gas phase: lowest in spring). Compared to 2019, the total PAH concentrations (in particles) decreased in 2020, especially in spring and summer, which might be due to reduced traffic trips during the COVID-19 outbreak. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) calculated from the toxic equivalent concentrations relative to benzo[a]pyrene (BaPeq) was lower than the acceptable limit issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency, indicating a low cancer risk in long-term exposure to current PAH levels. It is notable that gaseous PAHs considerably contributed to BaPeq and ILCR (over 50%), which highlighted the significance of gaseous PAH monitoring for public health protection. This low-cost estimation method for gaseous PAHs can be expected to reliably and conveniently obtain PAH concentrations as a surrogate for traditional sampling in the future work.
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Air Pollutants , Environmental Monitoring , Particulate Matter , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis , Japan , Air Pollutants/analysis , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Particulate Matter/analysis , Vehicle Emissions/analysis , SeasonsABSTRACT
Airborne microorganisms (AM) have significant environmental and health implications. Extensive studies have been conducted to investigate the factors influencing the composition and diversity of AM. However, the knowledge of AM with anthropogenic activities has not reach a consensus. In this study, we took advantage of the dramatic decline of outdoor anthropogenic activities resulting from COVID-19 lockdown to reveal their associations. We collected airborne particulate matter before and during the lockdown period in two cities. The results showed that it was fungal diversity and communities but not bacteria obviously different between pre-lockdown and lockdown samples, suggesting that airborne fungi were more susceptible to anthropogenic activities than bacteria. However, after the implementation of lockdown, the co-occurrence networks of both bacterial and fungal community became more complex, which might be due to the variation of microbial sources. Furthermore, Mantel test and correlation analysis showed that air pollutants also partly contributed to microbial alterations. Airborne fungal community was more affected by air pollutants than bacterial community. Notably, some human pathogens like Nigrospora and Arthrinium were negatively correlated with air pollutants. Overall, our study highlighted the more impacts of anthropogenic activities on airborne fungal community than bacterial community and advanced the understanding of associations between anthropogenic activities and AM.
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Air Microbiology , Air Pollutants , Bacteria , Environmental Monitoring , Fungi , Bacteria/classification , Air Pollutants/analysis , Particulate Matter/analysis , COVID-19 , Humans , ChinaABSTRACT
HONO is a critical precursor of â¢OH, but its sources are controversial due to its complex formation mechanism. This study conducted comprehensive observations in Zhengzhou from April 26 to May 11, 2022. Low NOx concentrations were observed during the Covid epidemic period (EP) (10.4 ± 3.0 ppb), compared to the pre-epidemic period (PEP) (12.5 ± 3.8 ppb). The mean HONO concentration during EP (0.53 ± 0.34 ppb) was 0.09 ppb lower than that during PEP (0.62 ± 0.53 ppb). The decrease in HONO concentration during EP came mainly at night due to the reduction in the direct emission (Pemi) (0.03 ppb/hr), the homogeneous reaction between â¢OH and NO (POH+NO) (0.02 ppb/hr), and the heterogeneous conversion of NO2 on the ground (0.01 ppb/hr). Notably, there was no significant change in daytime HONO concentration. The daytime HONO budget indicated that the primary HONO sources during PEP were the nitrate photolysis (Pnitrate), followed by the POH+NO, Pemi, the photo-enhanced reaction of NO2 on the ground (Pground+hv) and aerosol surface (Paerosol+hv). The primary HONO sources were Pnitrate, POH+NO, Pemi, and Paerosol+hv during EP, respectively. The missing source has a high correlation with solar radiation, there might be other photo-related HONO sources or the contributions of photosensitized reactions were underestimated. In the extremely underestimated cases, HONO production rates from the Pnitrate, Pground+hv, and Paerosol+hv increased by 0.17, 0.10, and 0.10 ppb/hr during PEP, 0.23, 0.13, and 0.16 ppb/hr during EP, and Pnitrate was still the primary source during both PEP and EP.
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Air Pollutants , COVID-19 , COVID-19/epidemiology , China/epidemiology , Air Pollutants/analysis , Environmental Monitoring/methods , SARS-CoV-2 , Pandemics , Cities , HumansABSTRACT
Over the past three years, since the onset of COVID-19, several scientific studies have concentrated on understanding susceptibility to the virus, the progression of the illness, and possible long-term complexity. COVID-19 is broadly recognized with effects on multiple systems in the body, and various factors related to society, medicine, and genetics/epigenetics may contribute to the intensity and results of the disease. Additionally, a SARS-CoV-2 infection can activate pathological activities and expedite the emergence of existing health issues into clinical problems. Forming easily accessible, distinctive, and permeable biomarkers is essential for categorizing patients, preventing the disease, predicting its course, and tailoring treatments for COVID-19 individually. One promising candidate for such biomarkers is microRNAs, which could serve various purposes in understanding diverse forms of COVID-19, including susceptibility, intensity, disease progression, outcomes, and potential therapeutic options. This review provides an overview of the most significant findings related to the involvement of microRNAs in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Furthermore, it explores the function of microRNAs in a broad span of effects that may arise from accompanying or underlying health status. It underscores the value of comprehending how diverse conditions, such as neurological disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity, interact with COVID-19.
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Introduction: In January 2020, WHO declared the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) a pandemic. Though COVID-19 vaccines are recommended, ongoing surveillance is crucial due to potential unforeseen events. Evaluation of long-term effectiveness and safety and addressing emerging variants are vital. This study integrates systematic reviews to assess COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety comprehensively. Methods: This study was an umbrella review study on the feasibility and effectiveness of vaccines for COVID-19. We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Scopus, using MeSH terms and keywords related to COVID-19 vaccines. Inclusion criteria comprised peer-reviewed systematic reviews and meta-analyses in English, focusing on feasibility and effectiveness. Exclusion criteria targeted non-systematic reviews exclusively on vaccine safety and duplicates. Two independent reviewers screened and resolved discrepancies. Data extraction included key details. Methodological quality was assessed using the ROBIS tool. Data synthesis involves narrative and, if applicable, quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). Reporting followed PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 32 systematic reviews were included in the study, of which 20 also conducted a meta-analysis. The studies investigated in the included reviews ranged from 7 to 74. The included articles were conducted in various countries around the globe. The findings indicated that COVID-19 vaccines are generally safe and effective for individuals with various medical conditions. The overall risk of bias for the included studies was assessed as low risk. Conclusion: The study outcomes indicated that mRNA vaccines exhibit a higher incidence of adverse events but demonstrate greater efficacy. Conversely, inactivated and protein subunit vaccines are safer but exhibit lower efficiency. Moreover, the vaccine is considered safe for individuals with specific conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, solid organ transplant recipients, children, pregnant individuals, and those with hematologic problems. Ultimately, the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among individuals is influenced by various factors, including geographic, socioeconomic, and pandemic-related considerations.
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Objectives: This study aimed to determine the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the treatment of acute cholangitis caused by choledocholithiasis. Methods: The Japanese government declared a state of emergency in April 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 309 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for acute cholangitis caused by choledocholithiasis between April 2017 and December 2022. Results: Patients were categorized into a pregroup (n = 134) and a postgroup (n = 175), depending on whether they were diagnosed before or after the state of emergency declaration. The total number of ERCP cases and the number of ERCP cases with endoscopic stone removals increased after the state of emergency declaration. Compared with the pregroup, the numbers of patients with performance status of 0-1 and surgically altered anatomy increased, whereas the numbers of patients taking oral antiplatelets or anticoagulants and those with cerebrovascular disease decreased in the postgroup. The number of single-stage endoscopic stone removals increased and hospital stays were significantly shorter in the postgroup. No differences in adverse event rates were detected between the two groups. Conclusions: Although our hospital provides tertiary care, the number of patients with cholangitis in good general condition and no underlying disease increased after the state of emergency declaration. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an increase in the number of single-stage endoscopic treatments and shortened hospital stays for patients with acute cholangitis caused by choledocholithiasis. No safety issues with ERCP were detected, even during the pandemic.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the seasonality of acute bronchiolitis in Brazil during the 2020-2022 season and compare it with the previous seasons. Methods: Data from the incidence of hospitalizations due to acute bronchiolitis in infants <1 year of age were obtained from the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Public Health database for the period between 2016 and 2022. These data were also analyzed by macro-regions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Southeast, South, and Midwest). To describe seasonal and trend characteristics over time, we used the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages Model. Results: Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, the incidence of hospitalizations related to acute bronchiolitis decreased by 97% during non-pharmacological interventions (March 2020 - August 2021) but increased by 95% after non-pharmacological interventions relaxation (September 2021 - December 2022), resulting in a 16% overall increase. During the pre-COVID-19 period, hospitalizations for acute bronchiolitis followed a seasonal pattern, which was disrupted in 2020-2021 but recovered in 2022, with a peak occurring in May, approximately 4% higher than the pre-COVID-19 peak. Conclusions: This study underscores the significant influence of COVID-19 interventions on acute bronchiolitis hospitalizations in Brazil. The restoration of a seasonal pattern in 2022 highlights the interplay between public health measures and respiratory illness dynamics in young children.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a sazonalidade da bronquiolite aguda no Brasil durante a temporada 2020-2022 e compará-la com a das temporadas anteriores. Métodos: Os dados de incidência de internações por bronquiolite aguda em lactentes <1 ano de idade foram obtidos do Departamento de Informática da base de dados da Saúde Pública Brasileira para o período entre 2016 e 2022. Esses dados também foram analisados por macrorregiões do Brasil (Norte, Nordeste, Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste). Para descrever características sazonais e de tendência ao longo do tempo, utilizamos o Modelo de Médias Móveis Integradas Autorregressivas Sazonais. Resultados: Em comparação com o período pré-COVID-19, a incidência de hospitalizações relacionadas com bronquiolite aguda diminuiu 97% durante as intervenções não farmacológicas (março de 2020 - agosto de 2021), mas aumentou 95% após a flexibilização das intervenções não farmacológicas (setembro de 2021 - dezembro de 2022), resultando no aumento geral de 16%. Durante o período pré-COVID-19, as hospitalizações por bronquiolite aguda seguiram um padrão sazonal, que foi interrompido em 2020-2021, mas recuperaram-se em 2022, com um pico ocorrido em maio, aproximadamente 4% superior ao pico pré-COVID-19. Conclusões: Este estudo ressalta a influência significativa das intervenções contra a COVID-19 nas hospitalizações por bronquiolite aguda no Brasil. A restauração de um padrão sazonal em 2022 sublinha a interação entre as medidas de saúde pública e a dinâmica das doenças respiratórias em crianças pequenas.
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ABSTRACT Unvaccinated identical twins developed bilateral anterior uveitis soon after the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms. During follow-up, both patients developed choroiditis, and one twine developed posterior scleritis and serous retinal detachment. Prompt treatment with oral prednisone ameliorated the lesions, and no recurrence was observed at the 18-month follow-up. Choroiditis may rarely be associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and it responds well to corticosteroid therapy. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, we hypothesize that the virus may act as an immunological trigger for choroiditis.
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Introdução: O avanço da pandemia de COVID-19 acarretou alterações no sono da população. Os distúrbios do sono têm relação com as principais alterações de saúde mental e também possuem relação com os fatores psicossociais. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência e fatores associados às alterações na qualidade do sono em usuários acompanhados na Atenção Primária à Saúde durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo do tipo transversal, com adultos (idade >18 anos) de ambos os gêneros, acompanhados por uma unidade de saúde. Foram levantadas as informações do prontuário eletrônico da unidade e, durante a visita domiciliar (entre agosto e setembro de 2021), os dados socioeconômicos, fatores de risco, sinais vitais, variáveis antropométricas, hábitos de vida, medicações em uso, uso dos serviços de saúde, internação e consultas no último ano. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo questionário SF-36 e foi usado o Índice de Qualidade do sono Pittsburgh (PSQI). Resultados: A amostra foi formada predominantemente por mulheres (82,9%) com 60,5±11,7 anos de idade, da cor branca (70,7%), com companheiro (61%) e pertencentes à classe C (65,8%). 53,7% da amostra apresentou até duas comorbidades, 87,8% apresentavam sobrepeso/obesidade e 80% faziam uso de anti-hipertensivo. A prevalência de qualidade do sono ruim foi de 87,8% (IC95% 73,195,0). Os achados apontam para uma relação entre má qualidade do sono com consumo de álcool, presença de ≥3 comorbidades, níveis de PAS, uso de ansiolíticos, nível de escolaridade e uso de serviços de saúde durante a pandemia. Conclusões: A alta prevalência de qualidade do sono ruim na amostra estudada sugere que determinantes sociodemográficos, presença de comorbidades e hábitos de vida devem ser considerados para minimizar os efeitos das alterações do sono na pandemia.
Introduction: The advancement of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes in the sleep patterns of the population. Sleep disorders are related to major mental health changes and are also associated with psychosocial factors. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with sleep quality changes among users attended in Primary Health Care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving adults (age >18 years) of both genders who were being followed at a healthcare unit. Information was gathered from the unit's electronic medical records, and during home visits (between August and September 2021), socioeconomic data, risk factors, vital signs, anthropometric variables, lifestyle habits, current medications, healthcare service utilization, hospitalization, and consultations in the past year were collected. Quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality. Results: The sample consisted predominantly of women (82.9%) with an average age of 60.5±11.7 years, of white ethnicity (70.7%), with a partner (61%), and belonging to class C (65.8%). 53.7% of the sample had up to two comorbidities, 87.8% were overweight/obese, and 80% were using antihypertensive medication. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 87.8% (95%CI 73.195.0). The findings indicate a relationship between poor sleep quality and alcohol consumption, the presence of ≥3 comorbidities, systolic blood pressure levels, use of anxiolytics, education level, and the use of healthcare services during the pandemic. Conclusions: The high prevalence of poor sleep quality in the study sample suggests that sociodemographic determinants, presence of comorbidities, and lifestyle habits should be considered to minimize the effects of sleep disturbances during the pandemic.
Introducción: El avance de la pandemia de COVID-19 ha ocasionado cambios en el sueño de la población. Los trastornos del sueño están relacionados con los principales cambios en la salud mental y también se asocian con factores psicosociales. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia y los factores asociados con alteraciones en la calidad del sueño en usuarios atendidos en la Atención Primaria de Salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio transversal con adultos (edad >18 años) de ambos géneros que son atendidos en una unidad de salud. Se recopilaron datos del historial clínico electrónico de la unidad y durante la visita domiciliaria (entre agosto y septiembre de 2021) se obtuvieron datos socioeconómicos, factores de riesgo, signos vitales, variables antropométricas, hábitos de vida, medicamentos utilizados, uso de servicios de salud, hospitalización y consultas en el último año. La calidad de vida se evaluó mediante el cuestionario SF-36 y se utilizó el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI). Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta predominantemente por mujeres (82,9%) con una edad de 60,5±11,7 años, de raza blanca (70,7%), con pareja (61%) y pertenecientes a la clase C (65,8%). El 53,7% de la muestra presentó hasta dos comorbilidades, el 87,8% tenían sobrepeso/obesidad y el 80% utilizaba medicación antihipertensiva. La prevalencia de mala calidad del sueño fue del 87,8% (IC95% 73,195,0). Los hallazgos señalan una relación entre la mala calidad del sueño y el consumo de alcohol, la presencia de ≥3 comorbilidades, los niveles de presión arterial sistólica (PAS), el uso de ansiolíticos, el nivel de escolaridad y el uso de servicios de salud durante la pandemia. Conclusiones: La alta prevalencia de mala calidad del sueño en la muestra estudiada sugiere que se deben considerar los determinantes sociodemográficos, la presencia de comorbilidades y los hábitos de vida para minimizar los efectos de los trastornos del sueño en la pandemia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Sleep Wake Disorders , Risk Factors , COVID-19ABSTRACT
Introdução: O conhecimento da magnitude em que a população implementa medidas de proteção emitidas pelas autoridades de saúde pública é essencial na prevenção da doença do novo coronavírus (COVID-19). A eficácia de medidas não farmacológicas de prevenção e das políticas públicas destinadas a reduzir o contágio pela COVID-19 depende de quão bem os indivíduos são informados sobre as consequências da infecção e as medidas que devem adotar para reduzir sua propagação. O entendimento, as atitudes e as práticas das pessoas em relação à COVID-19 e sua prevenção são basilares para a compreensão da dinâmica epidemiológica, demandando a realização de pesquisas sobre o cumprimento de medidas não farmacológicas de prevenção do contágio em diversos territórios. Para isso, em 2020, medidas não farmacológicas contra a COVID-19 foram divulgadas por fontes diversas, estatais e privadas, para a maior parte da população brasileira, com a finalidade de orientar comportamentos para conter a crise sanitária. As equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família têm um papel fundamental neste processo de educação em saúde, pois compreendem elementos socioculturais das suas comunidades, alcançando-as tanto em capilaridade quanto em adequação local da informação técnico-científica. Este artigo abrange uma pesquisa de campo, parte de um projeto multicêntrico nacional. Objetivo: Avaliar se a população do território de uma unidade da Estratégia Saúde da Família da cidade de Condado-PE entende e aplica as informações que recebeu sobre medidas não farmacológicas de prevenção em suas práticas de proteção contra a COVID-19. Mais especificamente, a pesquisa visou determinar que informações foram recebidas pelos respondentes, quais as suas fontes, o grau de confiabilidade atribuído a estas, além da adesão deles às medidas não farmacológicas e sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas. Métodos: O modelo do estudo foi observacional e descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, a partir da coleta de dados primários com 70 usuários por entrevista presencial com questionário estruturado. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que a população recebeu vasta informação sobre prevenção da doença. Conclusão: Com níveis variados de confiabilidade das fontes, atribuindo importância relevante às medidas de prevenção e adotou a maioria delas, com exceção do isolamento social total.
Introduction: Knowledge of the magnitude to which the population implements protective measures issued by public health authorities is essential in preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The effectiveness of non-pharmacological prevention measures (NPM) and public policies aimed at reducing the spread of COVID-19 depends on how well individuals are informed about the consequences of the infection and the measures they must adopt to reduce its spread. The understanding, attitudes, and practices of people in relation to COVID-19 and its prevention are fundamental for understanding the epidemiological dynamics, demanding research on compliance with NPM to prevent contagion in different territories. To this end, in 2020, NPM against COVID-19 were released by various sources, state and private, for most of the Brazilian population, with the aim of guiding behaviors to contain the health crisis. The Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams play a key role in this health education process, as they comprise sociocultural elements of their communities, reaching them both in capillarity and in local adequacy of technical-scientific information. This article covers field research, part of a national multicenter project. Objective: To evaluate whether the population of the territory of an FHS unit in the city of Condado, Pernambuco, understands and applies the information it received about NPM prevention in their practices to protect against COVID-19. More specifically, the research aimed to determine what information was received by the respondents, what are their sources, the degree of reliability attributed to these, in addition to their adherence to the NPM and their relationship with sociodemographic variables. Methods: The study model was observational and descriptive, with a quantitative approach, based on the collection of primary data with 70 users through face-to-face interviews with a structured questionnaire. Results: The results showed that the population received extensive information on disease prevention. Conclusion: With varying levels of reliability of the sources, attributing relevant importance to prevention measures and adopted most of them, with the exception of total social isolation.
El conocimiento de la magnitud con la que la población implementa las medidas de protección emitidas por las autoridades de salud pública es fundamental en la prevención de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). La efectividad de las medidas de prevención no farmacológicas (MFN) y de las políticas públicas dirigidas a reducir la propagación de la COVID-19 depende de qué tan bien se informe a las personas sobre las consecuencias de la infección y las medidas que deben adoptar para reducir su propagación. La comprensión, actitudes y prácticas de las personas con relación al COVID-19 y su prevención son fundamentales para comprender la dinámica epidemiológica, exigiendo investigaciones sobre el cumplimiento de las MNF para prevenir el contagio en diferentes territorios. Con ese fin, en 2020, MNF contra el COVID-19 fueron divulgados por diversas fuentes, estatales y privadas, para la mayoría de la población brasileña, con el objetivo de orientar comportamientos para contener la crisis sanitaria. Los equipos de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia (ESF) juegan un papel fundamental en este proceso de educación en salud, ya que integran elementos socioculturales de sus comunidades, alcanzándolas tanto en la capilaridad como en la adecuación local de la información técnico-científica. Este artículo aborda una investigación de campo, parte de un proyecto multicéntrico nacional, con el objetivo de evaluar si la población del territorio de una unidad de la ESF en la ciudad de Condado-PE comprende y aplica la información recibida sobre la prevención de MNF en sus prácticas de protección contra el COVID -19. Más específicamente, la investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar qué información recibieron los encuestados, cuáles son sus fuentes, el grado de confiabilidad atribuido a estas, además de su adherencia al MNF y su relación con variables sociodemográficas. El modelo de estudio fue observacional y descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, basado en la recolección de datos primarios con 70 usuarios a través de entrevistas cara a cara con un cuestionario estructurado. Los resultados mostraron que la población recibió amplia información sobre prevención de la enfermedad, con diversos niveles de confiabilidad de las fuentes, atribuyendo importancia relevante a las medidas de prevención y adoptando la mayoría de ellas, con excepción del aislamiento social total.
Subject(s)
Humans , National Health Strategies , Health Education , Health Communication , COVID-19 , Primary PreventionABSTRACT
Resumo Enquadramento: Em tempo de pandemia, as consultas de enfermagem de vigilância da gravidez sofreram alterações, nomeadamente na restrição de acompanhantes. Por esse motivo, é importante a avaliação da satisfação das grávidas com a assistência de enfermagem durante este contexto pandémico. Objetivo: Avaliar a satisfação da grávida com a assistência das enfermeiras obstétricas nas consultas de vigilância da gravidez durante o contexto de pandemia COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo transversal descritivo de natureza quantitativa, com uma amostra de 196 grávidas. Aplicado a Escala de Satisfação dos Pacientes com a Assistência de Enfermagem (General Practice Nurse Satisfaction Scale - GPNS), constituída pelas dimensões: relacionamento interpessoal e comunicação, confiança, credibilidade e dedicação. Resultados: As grávidas apresentam-se em média mais satisfeitas na dimensão relacionamento interpessoal e comunicação e menos satisfeitas na dimensão dedicação. Conclusão: As grávidas apresentam-se satisfeitas com a assistência de enfermagem percecionando a sua importância. Tal reforça a pertinência das consultas serem realizadas por um Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica.
Abstract Background: Prenatal nursing appointments underwent changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely in the restriction of companions. For this reason, it is important to assess pregnant women's satisfaction with nursing care during this period. Objective: To assess pregnant women's satisfaction with nurse midwife-led prenatal appointments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: A qualitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 196 pregnant women. The Portuguese version of the General Practice Nurse Satisfaction Scale (Escala de Satisfação dos Pacientes com a Assistência de Enfermagem) was administered to the sample. The tool consists of the following dimensions: interpersonal relationship and communication, confidence, credibility, and dedication. Results: Pregnant women are, on average, more satisfied in the interpersonal relationship and communication dimension and less satisfied in the dedication dimension. Conclusion: Pregnant women are satisfied with nursing care and acknowledge its importance. This finding reinforces the importance of nurse midwife-led consultations.
Resumen Marco contextual: En tiempos de pandemia, las citas de enfermería para el seguimiento del embarazo cambiaron, sobre todo la restricción de acompañantes. Por esta razón, es importante evaluar la satisfacción de las mujeres embarazadas con los cuidados de enfermería durante este contexto pandémico. Objetivo: Evaluar la satisfacción de las mujeres embarazadas con la atención prestada por las enfermeras obstétricas en las consultas de seguimiento del embarazo durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal de carácter cuantitativo, con una muestra de 196 mujeres embarazadas. Se aplicó la Escala de Satisfacción de los Pacientes con Asistencia de Enfermería (General Practice Nurse Satisfaction Scale - GPNS), compuesta por las siguientes dimensiones: relaciones interpersonales y comunicación, confianza, credibilidad y dedicación. Resultados: Las mujeres embarazadas están, de media, más satisfechas en la dimensión relaciones interpersonales y comunicación, y menos satisfechas en la dimensión dedicación. Conclusión: Las embarazadas se mostraron satisfechas con los cuidados de enfermería y se dieron cuenta de su importancia. Esto refuerza la pertinencia de que las consultas sean realizadas por una enfermera especializada en Enfermería de Salud Materna y Obstétrica.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Enquadramento: A pandemia por COVID-19 trouxe inúmeros desafios às mães de crianças e jovens até aos 18 anos de idade, pela gestão de responsabilidades a que o seu papel social se encontra inerente. Objetivo: Compreender quais são os significados e os contextos das vivências de mães portuguesas de crianças e jovens adolescentes até aos 18 anos de idade, no período de situação pandémica por COVID-19; Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e retrospetivo recorrendo à análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Participaram no estudo 16 mulheres, mães de crianças e jovens adolescentes até aos 18 anos de idade. Resultados: Emergiram um total de nove categorias, sendo elas - Sentimentos; Perceção de saúde; Alterações no estado de saúde; experiências marcantes; Significado das experiências; Dificuldades sentidas durante o período de situação pandémica; dificuldades sentidas na educação; dificuldades sentidas enquanto mãe e mulher e impactos na educação dos filhos. Conclusão: A maioria das mães entrevistadas considerou o período pandémico por COVID-19 como uma fase impactante nas suas vidas, originando ambivalência de sentimentos e contextos vivenciais distintos.
Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed many challenges for mothers of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age in managing the responsibilities associated with their social roles. Objective: To understand the meanings and contexts of the experiences of Portuguese mothers of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive, and retrospective study using Bardin's content analysis. The sample consisted of 16 mothers of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age. Results: Nine categories emerged - Feelings; Perception of health; Changes in health status; Significant experiences; Meaning of experiences; Difficulties felt during the pandemic; Difficulties felt in education; Difficulties felt as a mother and wife; and Impact on children's education. Conclusion: Most of the interviewed mothers considered the COVID-19 pandemic a significant period in their lives, giving rise to ambivalent feelings and distinct life contexts.
Resumen Marco contextual: La pandemia de SARS- CoV-2 ha planteado numerosos retos a las madres de niños y jóvenes de hasta 18 años, debido a la gestión de las responsabilidades inherentes a su papel social. Objetivo: Comprender los significados y contextos de las experiencias de las madres portuguesas de niños y jóvenes adolescentes de hasta 18 años, durante la situación de pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y retrospectivo mediante el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Participaron en el estudio 16 mujeres, madres de niños y jóvenes adolescentes de hasta 18 años. Resultados: Surgieron un total de nueve categorías - Sentimientos; Percepción de la salud; Cambios en el estado de salud; Experiencias notables; Significado de las experiencias; Dificultades sentidas durante la situación de pandemia; Dificultades sentidas en la educación; Dificultades sentidas como madre y esposa, e Impactos en la educación de los hijos. Conclusión: La mayoría de las madres entrevistadas consideraron que el periodo de la pandemia de COVID-19 fue una fase impactante en sus vidas, lo que dio lugar a una ambivalencia de sentimientos y diferentes contextos experienciales.