Parent and patient knowledge and attitudes about cancer predisposition syndrome genetic testing in pediatric oncology: Understanding sociodemographic and parent-child differences.

BACKGROUND: Cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) impact about 10% of patients with pediatric cancer. Genetic testing (CPS-GT) has multiple benefits, but few studies have described parent and child knowledge and attitudes regarding CPS-GT decision-making. This study examined parent and patient CPS-GT decision-making knowledge and attitudes. PROCEDURE: English- or Spanish-speaking parents of children with pediatric cancer and patients with pediatric cancer ages 15-18 within 12 months of diagnosis or relapse were eligible to participate. Seventy-five parents and 19 parent-patient dyads (N = 94 parents, 77.7% female, 43.6% Latino/a/Hispanic; 19 patients, 31.6% female) completed surveys measuring CPS-GT-related beliefs. Independent samples t-tests compared parent responses across sociodemographic characteristics and parent-patient responses within dyads. RESULTS: Spanish-speaking parents were significantly more likely than English-speaking parents to believe that CPS-GT not being helpful (p < .001) and possibly causing personal distress (p = .002) were important considerations for deciding whether to obtain CPS-GT. Parents with less than four-year university education, income less than $75,000, or Medicaid (vs. private insurance) were significantly more likely to endorse that CPS-GT not being helpful was an important consideration for deciding whether to obtain CPS-GT (p < .001). Parents felt more strongly than patients that they understood what CPS-GT was (p = .01) and that parents should decide whether patients under 18 should receive CPS-GT (p = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Spanish-speaking parents and parents with lower socioeconomic statuses were more strongly influenced by the potential disadvantages of CPS-GT in CPS-GT decision-making. Parents felt more strongly than patients that parents should make CPS-GT decisions. Future studies should investigate mechanisms behind these differences and how to best support CPS-GT knowledge and decision-making.

Which Psychosocial Strengths Could Combat the Adolescent Suicide Spectrum? Dissecting the Covitality Model.

Objective: Covitality is a meta-construct of positive intra/interpersonal self-schemas that organize and process life experiences. Its synergy favors psychosocial adjustment and prevents mental health problems during adolescence. At these ages, suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine which psychosocial strengths of the covitality model could combat adolescent suicide spectrum. Method: Participants were 5,528 Spanish adolescents aged 12-18 years, 50.74% females. The assessment protocol was completed in schools, under the supervision of the research staff. Statistical analyses were conducted using hurdle models, i.e., modeling zero-inflated count data. This process provided two sets of outcomes: the association - in probabilistic terms - between psychosocial strengths and the absence of suicide indicators (i.e., non-occurrence) and the association of these assets - via regression coefficients - with increased experimentation (i.e., duration/quantity). Results: All psychosocial strengths of the covitality model were related to the non-ocurrence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, but not all to a shorter duration/quantity of their phenotypic manifestations. Covitality obtained greater association values on suicidal tendencies than its components analyzed independently. Belief in self and engaged living were the second-order factors with the higher estimating capacity. Specifically, emotional self-awareness, enthusiasm, gratitude, family support, and behavioral self-control were key first-order assets. Conclusions: These findings suggest that training adolescents in covitality assets could be an effective strategy for universal prevention against premature suicide. Moreover, this study provide evidence on which psychosocial strengths could counteract each phenotypic manifestation of suicide in order to customize selective and indicated preventive actions.

Effectiveness of acceptance commitment therapy for head and neck cancer patients with body image distress in China: a study protocol for randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: The head and neck comprise vital organs and are apparent human body parts. Tumours here impair physical and sensory functions as well as appearance and social interactions, leading to body image distress (BID) and threatening mental health and quality of life. Acceptance and commitment therapy has shown effectiveness in improving BID in groups such as breast cancer patients. This study aims to apply this therapy to intervene in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, aiming to improve BID and promote better psychological well-being. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study is a prospective, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. A total of 64 HNC patients will be allocated to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will engage in a 3 week, six-session group-based acceptance and commitment therapy programme, while the control group will receive standard treatment. The primary outcome is cancer-related BID, and secondary outcomes are HNC-related BID, psychological flexibility, coping style and psychological distress. These indicators will be measured at baseline, postintervention and 1 month following the intervention's completion. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The trial has received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Hospital (2308-67-02). The study results will be shared through peer-reviewed journals and conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2300077863.

Peer-Delivered Interventions for Caregivers in the ICU with a Focus on Severe Acute Brain Injury: A Scoping Review.

Approximately 50% of family caregivers of patients with severe acute brain injury (SABI) admitted to intensive care units experience clinically significant anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress. Peer-delivered interventions may be a sustainable way to provide social connection, emotional support, and evidence-based coping skills for family caregivers of patients with SABI to improve their mental health and well-being. The aim of this scoping review was to examine existing peer-delivered interventions for family caregivers of adult patients with SABI admitted to neurocritical and other critical care units. We set broad inclusion criteria and identified ten examples of peer-delivered interventions for family caregivers of adult patients with critical illness, of which only two were tailored to the needs of caregivers for patients who had experienced SABI. Our results indicated that (1) very few examples of peer-delivered interventions for this population exist, (2) all existing examples are professional-led (e.g., nurse-led) multifamily support groups, and (3) existing interventions demonstrate mixed results. Future research is needed to develop and evaluate peer-delivered interventions, including testing different models of peer-delivered interventions (e.g., one-to-one peer mentorship), programs that provide skills and support to caregivers after discharge, and skills-based formats that are tailored to the unique needs of SABI caregivers.

Psychosocial profiles and blood pressure control: results from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA).

Growing research shows psychosocial factors are associated with blood pressure (BP) control among individuals with hypertension. To date, little research has examined multiple psychosocial factors simultaneously to identify distinguishing profiles among individuals with hypertension. The association of psychosocial profiles and BP control remains unknown. To characterize the psychosocial profiles of individuals with hypertension and assess whether they are associated with BP control over 14 years. We included 2,665 MESA participants with prevalent hypertension in 2002-2004. Nine psychosocial variables representing individual, interpersonal, and neighborhood factors were included. BP control was achieved if systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 9090 mmHg. Latent profile analysis (LPA) revealed an optimal model of three psychosocial profile groups (AIC 121,229; entropy = .88) "Healthy", "Psychosocially Distressed" and "Discriminated Against". Overall, there were no significant differences in systolic and diastolic BP control combined, across the profiles. Participants in the "Discriminated Against" profile group were significantly less likely [OR= 0.60; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.84] to have their DBP < 9090 mmHg as compared to the "Healthy" profile, but this was attenuated with full covariate adjustment. Discrete psychosocial profiles exist among individuals with hypertension but were not associated with BP control after full covariate adjustment.

The impact of sex in the effectiveness of functional remediation in bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: Functional recovery remains a core clinical objective for patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Sociodemographic, clinical, and neurocognitive variables are associated with long-term functional impairment, yet the impact of sex differences is unclear. Functional remediation (FR) is a validated intervention aimed at achieving functional recovery in BD. The present study assessed the effect of sex differences of FR on psychosocial functioning at post-treatment (6-months) and 12-month follow-up (FUP). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the role of sex as a factor in the efficacy of FR. METHODS: 157 participants with BD were randomly assigned to either FR (N = 77) or treatment as usual group (80). Clinical, sociodemographic, neuropsychological, and functional data were obtained using a comprehensive assessment battery. Sex differences were explored via a general linear model (GLM) for repeated measures to compare the effect of sex on the intervention over time (6 months and FUP). RESULTS: Results demonstrated that FR benefits both sexes, males (p = 0.001; d' = 0.88) and females (p = 0.04; d' = 0.57), at 6 months suggesting a generalized functional improvement. Conversely, at 12-month FUP sex differences were observed only in males (p = 0.005; d' = 0.68). CONCLUSIONS: FR is a beneficial intervention for males and females after treatment, suggesting that there are no relevant distinct needs. Females may benefit from ongoing psychosocial functioning booster sessions after the intervention to maintain original improvements. Future research exploring sex differences could help to identify strategies to offer personalized FR intervention approaches in individuals with BD.

Expanding horizons in pulmonary hypertension management: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-pharmacological interventions.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive and life-threatening disorder characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, leading to right heart failure and reduced exercise capacity. Traditional pharmacological and surgical treatments offer limited efficacy and significant side effects, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic options. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological interventions, including exercise, dietary modifications, and psychosocial therapies, in the management of pulmonary hypertension. METHODS: Comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus up to 2024, identifying randomized controlled trials and observational studies examining non-pharmacological interventions for PH. Primary outcomes assessed included pulmonary arterial pressure, right heart function, exercise capacity, and quality of life, with secondary analysis on safety and adverse effects. Data synthesis was performed using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: The review included 30 studies, totaling 2000 participants with various forms of PH. Meta-analysis demonstrated significant improvements in exercise capacity as measured by the 6 min walk distance (mean increase of 45 meters, 95 % CI: 30-60, p<0.001), enhanced quality of life scores, and reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure (mean reduction of 5 mmHg, 95 % CI: 3-7, p<0.01). Non-pharmacological therapies also showed a favorable safety profile, with minor adverse effects reported. CONCLUSION: Non-pharmacological interventions provide a viable and effective complement to traditional treatments for pulmonary hypertension, significantly improving functional capacity and hemodynamic parameters without severe adverse effects. These findings support the integration of tailored non-pharmacological strategies into the therapeutic regimen for PH patients, emphasizing the need for broader implementation and further research to optimize intervention protocols.

Psychosocial functioning and its influencing factors in patients with depression post-remission: Implications for assessment and interventions.

BACKGROUND: Enhancing psychosocial functioning is crucial for reducing relapse in depression, but methods for monitoring and recovery are unclear. METHOD: A 1-year follow-up study assessed psychosocial functioning in 182 patients with remitted depression at baseline (T0) as well as at 1, 2, 6, 9, and 12 months post-remission (T1-T5). Using generalized estimating equations (GEE) and multiple linear regression (MLR), we analyzed the impact of changes in psychosocial functioning on relapse/recurrence risk, and assessed the influence of various factors. RESULTS: An increase in psychosocial functioning significantly lowered relapse/recurrence odds by 54.2 %, averaging a risk reduction of 3.1 %. GEE analyses indicated subjective depressive symptoms (ß = -0.315) most significantly impacted psychosocial functioning, followed by social support (ß = 0.236), positive coping (ß = 0.225), and negative automatic thoughts (ß = -0.183). Negative coping and expressed emotion exhibited non-significant effects. MLR revealed that the impact of negative automatic thoughts was most significant at initial remission, but the relative importance of residual subjective depressive symptoms, positive coping, and social support on psychosocial functioning remained stable over time. LIMITATIONS: Predetermined follow-up assessments may not fully capture psychosocial functioning at relapse/recurrence, and the inclusion of factors might not be sufficiently comprehensive. CONCLUSIONS: Recovery of psychosocial functioning significantly reduces relapse risk in post-remission patients with depression more than residual subjective depressive symptoms. The degree of influence of factors on psychosocial functioning can change with the length of remission time.

Psychosocial impact of hoarding symptoms in college students and the potential for early intervention.

Objective: Hoarding disorder is a chronic and progressive psychiatric disorder that often begins in adolescence and early adulthood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of hoarding severity on college students' psychosocial functioning and possible methods of early intervention. Participants: Undergraduate students (N = 363) at a large public university in the United States. Methods: Participants completed a self-report battery that included their parental history of clutter, perceptions about possible interventions for clutter, and standardized measures of hoarding severity, psychiatric symptoms, and psychosocial functioning. Results: Hoarding symptom severity predicted significant unique variance in emotional support and companionship, even when controlling for comorbid psychiatric symptoms. The main reasons endorsed by participants for disorganization of their objects despite adequate storage space were "lack of time" (37%), "easily distracted" (26%), and "procrastination" (34%). Conclusions: Emerging adults may benefit from early intervention focused on time management, attentional control, and consistent motivation.

Validation of Two Questionnaires Assessing Nurses' Perspectives on Addressing Psychological, Social, and Spiritual Challenges in Palliative Care Patients.

BACKGROUND: Palliative care provides holistic support, addressing physical, psychological, social, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of suffering, known as "total pain", to improve patients' quality of life. Patients often rely on healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, for support. This study aimed to develop and validate questionnaires assessing nurses' perceptions of psychological, social, and spiritual issues in palliative care and their effectiveness in managing them. METHODS: Two self-rated questionnaires were created: the Psychological, Social, and Spiritual Problems of Palliative Patients' Questionnaire and the Effectiveness in Coping with the Psychological, Social, and Spiritual Challenges of Palliative Care Patients. The study surveyed 237 nurses caring for palliative patients in Split Dalmatian County, Croatia. RESULTS: The questionnaires demonstrated high reliability with Cronbach's α values of 0.98 and 0.99. Factor analysis revealed four factors for the first questionnaire and three for the second. Nurses primarily perceived patients as experiencing fear and emotional/spiritual suffering, with the greatest difficulty coping with the fear of the disease outcomes. Nurses acknowledged the need for improvement in addressing patient challenges, highlighting gaps in the Croatian system. CONCLUSIONS: Ongoing efforts are crucial to prioritize palliative care globally, with nursing professionals playing a vital role in symptom management.

Exploring school environmental psychology in children and adolescents: The influence of environmental and psychosocial factors on sustainable behavior in Indonesia.

This study investigates the relationship between environmental and psychosocial factors and students' sustainable behavior in schools. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, interviews, observations, and document analysis, it explores various dimensions such as the physical environment, policy and governance, social and cultural context, economic factors, technological advancements, stakeholder engagement, knowledge and awareness, attitudes and values, perceived behavioral control, social norms and influence, motivation and incentives, and social identity and connectedness. Findings emphasize the crucial role of the school environment in shaping sustainable behavior and advocate for targeted interventions and policies. Implications include the development of sustainable school environments and interventions fostering positive attitudes and behaviors towards sustainability. This research provides practical insights for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders involved in promoting sustainability in schools.

A content analysis of parents' reflections on pathogenic and uncertain pediatric oncology germline sequencing results.

Germline genomic sequencing is increasingly integrated into pediatric cancer care, with pathogenic cancer-predisposing variants identified among 5-18% of affected children and variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in up to 70%. Given the potential medical implications for children and their families, parents' psychosocial responses to learning results are important to understand. Parents of children with cancer who learned their children's germline pathogenic or VUS results following paired tumor and germline genomic sequencing described their cognitive and affective responses to results in an open-ended write-in question after disclosure (M = 10 months post-disclosure; range = 1-28). Responses were coded and categorized using content analysis, then compared across results using chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Parents of children with pathogenic (n = 9), VUS (n = 52), and pathogenic plus VUS results (n = 9) described negative emotions, positive reactions, mixed emotions (i.e., positive and negative emotions), and neutral reactions. Negative emotions were described significantly more frequently with pathogenic results than VUS only (χ2 = 5.19; p = .02), with peace of mind and empowerment only described for those with VUS. Parents also described approach(es) to coping (e.g., faith, plan of action) and reactions specific to the uncertainty of VUS (e.g., disappointment at no explanation for cancer etiology). A subset with VUS described decreasing worry/distress with increased understanding of results, whereas others displayed misconceptions regarding VUS. Screening for emotional adjustment is warranted for parents of children with cancer receiving pathogenic germline results, and screening for understanding is warranted with VUS. Findings highlight the importance of pre-and posttest genetic counseling.

Dental Caries: The Way Forward.

KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT: It is evident that some progress in reducing ECC prevalence in children has been made, but these improvements are not equally distributed. Systemic inequities in oral health among the youngest, most vulnerable children must be reduced.

Psychosocial interventions for post-treatment haematological cancer survivors: An integrative review.

PURPOSE: To synthesize literature regarding the implementation and evaluation of psychosocial interventions designed to reduce distress in post-treatment haematological cancer survivors. METHODS: An integrative review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases searched were Medline, Cinahl, PsychInfo, WoS, and EMBASE, during November 2022. RESULTS: The total number of eligible studies was 14. The interventions comprised four main intervention categories: care planning, psychological therapy-based, supported self-care/self-management, and survivorship clinic visits. Overall psychosocial interventions were shown to improve outcomes for haematological cancer survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial interventions may play a role in reducing distress for post-treatment haematological cancer survivors and have shown improvements in both psychological and physical outcomes. However, the evidence base was limited and heterogeneous indicating the need for more research. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Psychosocial interventions for haematological cancer survivors have the potential to reduce psychosocial distress during the post-treatment period.

The concept of "control" in people with epilepsy: A qualitative study.

Epilepsy fundamentally involves a struggle with "control," commonly framed in terms of reducing the frequency and severity of seizures. This paper seeks to understand how people with epilepsy (PWE) think about and define control, as well as the psychosocial outcomes of self-managing epilepsy and low perceived control. Here, we employ a qualitative analysis of interviews with 64 adults with epilepsy in treatment in a tertiary referral center in New York City, conducted between July 2020 and July 2022 as part of a larger study of the lived experiences of PWE. The interviews were coded, and thematic analysis was used to identify participants' constructions of control and the breadth of illness intrusiveness they experienced. Findings indicate that applying the illness intrusiveness concept to epilepsy aligns with existing research, revealing that PWE are impacted in numerous ways beyond seizure frequency and severity. Participants reported significant anxiety related to the unpredictability of seizures and the potential embarrassment of having seizures in public. These insights highlight that illness self-management and social challenges are critical components of the experience of having epilepsy. Our findings underscore the need for a wholistic approach to improving quality of life for PWE that recognizes the broader context of illness intrusiveness. By understanding and enhancing perceived control, future interventions can better support the mental health and overall well-being of PWE.

A Controlled Evaluation of a Psychosocial Outreach Support Program for Adults with Severe Mental Illness.

Objective: Serious mental illness (SMI) remains a leading cause of disability worldwide. However, there is limited Australian evidence of community-based programs to enhance the psychosocial wellbeing of adults experiencing SMI. Foundations is a long-term community-based psychosocial outreach support program delivered in Tasmania, Australia. A longitudinal non-randomised controlled trial was conducted to examine the effectiveness of the Foundations program on adults' psychosocial functioning, clinical symptomology, and hospital readmissions, in comparison to standard care only. Method: Participants were adults aged 18-64 years experiencing SMI. Control participants received standard clinical care only. Intervention participants were engaged in the Foundations program in addition to standard care. Data were collected at program commencement, midpoint, closure, and six-months post-closure. Linear mixed modelling was used to examine differences between groups. Results: Intervention participants achieved better psychosocial functioning in comparison to the control group by program closure and at six-month follow-up. No significant differences were observed for clinical mental health symptomology or hospital readmission rates. Length of readmission stay was significantly shorter for intervention participants. Conclusions: The findings highlight the additional value of community-based, recovery-oriented, psychosocial outreach support alongside clinical mental health care to enhance the psychosocial wellbeing of adults experiencing SMI.

Individual-level determinants of breast and cervical cancer screening and early testing in two regionally representative urban Indian populations.

Introduction: Region-specific data on individual factors associated with uptake of breast and cervical cancer screening or early testing in diverse Indian populations are limited. Aim: To assess the prevalence and individual determinants of uptake of breast and/or cervical cancer screening or testing among women aged 30-69 years in regionally representative populations of two large Indian cities: New Delhi and Chennai. Methods: We conducted an analysis of the cross-sectional data (2016-2017) nested within the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia cohort, established in 2010-2011 with 12,271 participants (5365 in New Delhi; 6906 in Chennai). Among 3310 women participants, we evaluated the associations of demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, medical, psychosocial, and reproductive factors with breast and/or cervical cancer screening or testing using multivariable logistic regression models with results expressed as adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: At any point prior to 2016-2017, 193 women self-reported having undergone evaluations for breast and/or cervical cancer. The reasons for evaluation were 'general examination' or 'physician's advice' (i.e., screening) or 'being symptomatic' (i.e., early testing). The overall prevalence was 5.8% for screening or testing and 2.5% for screening alone. Formal education (OR:1.88; 95% CI:1.12-3.15), high monthly household income (OR:2.27; 95% CI:1.59-3.25) and less 'fear-of-judgement' (OR:1.65; 95% CI:1.05-2.58) were positively associated with screening or testing uptake. When screening uptake was analysed separately, the results were generally similar. Conclusion: Our findings may have important implications for interventions at community-level (e.g., reducing 'fear-of-judgement', increasing awareness to screening programs and early symptoms) and health-system level (e.g., opportunistic screening).

Effect of nurse-Led psychosocial intervention on body image distress and treatment compliance among patients undergoing treatment of cancer: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Dissatisfaction with one's physique is the most common issue among cancer patients, and it is correlated with stress, anxiety, and hopelessness. The current study aimed to assess how the Nurse-Led short psychosocial intervention affected cancer patients' body image distress and treatment compliance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 67 patients above 18 years of age and undergoing cancer treatment were enrolled in the study through complete enumeration sampling. The individuals were divided into experimental and control groups using simple randomization. A nurse-led brief psychosocial intervention program was implemented for 15 days for the experimental group while the control group was on standard treatment. The intervention's effects were measured on the 15th day using a structured body image distress scale and self-structured treatment compliance scale. The consolidated norms of reporting trials (CONSORT) statement was used to perform the study. Utilizing SPSS, descriptive and inferential statistics were performed to analyze the data. RESULTS: Post-intervention on the 15th day of the program revealed a reduction in Body image distress (Mean, SD and P value; 2.73, 1.72 (experimental), 4.90 ± 2.23 (control) and <0.001). The program also resulted in improved treatment compliance (Mean, SD and P value; 3.66, 2.23 and (experimental) and 5.83, 1.62; and <0.001). CONCLUSION: According to the study's findings, nurses are essential to the care of cancer patients. Nurse-led intervention can be an effective strategy to address these psychological issues and concerns.

Effort-reward imbalance at work assessed at midlife and prediabetes prevalence assessed 18 years later in a prospective cohort of white-collar workers.

OBJECTIVES: Evidence suggests that workers exposed to psychosocial stressors at work from the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, evidence about the effect of ERI on prediabetes is scarce. This study aimed to examine the association between effort-reward imbalance at work, glycated hemoglobin level and the prevalence of prediabetes in women and men from a prospective cohort study. METHODS: This study was conducted among 1354 white-collar workers followed for an average of 18 years. Effort-reward imbalance at work was measured in 1999 to 2001 using a validated instrument. Glycated hemoglobin was assessed at follow-up (2015 to 2018). Differences in mean glycated hemoglobin levels were estimated with linear models. Prediabetes prevalence ratios (PRs) were computed using robust Poisson regression models. RESULTS: In women, those exposed to effort-reward imbalance at work at baseline had a higher prevalence of prediabetes (PR = 1.60, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-2.49) at follow-up following adjustment for sociodemographic, lifestyle-related, clinical, and other occupational risk factors. There was no difference in mean glycated hemoglobin levels. CONCLUSION: Among women, effort-reward imbalance at work at midlife was associated with the prevalence of prediabetes, at older age. Preventive workplace interventions aiming to reduce the prevalence of effort-reward imbalance at work may be effective to reduce the prevalence of prediabetes among women.

Psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics in adolescent : an evaluation of a latent profile and its associated risk factors.

BACKGROUND: The psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics (PIDA) has a significant effect on well-being and quality of life. This study aimed to explore the latent heterogeneous classes of the PIDA among adolescents and investigate the relationships among identified subtypes and sociodemographic variables, the status of left-behind children, and the clinical manifestations of malocclusion. METHODS: A cross-sectional study on the PIDA among 1451 adolescents aged 11 to 12 years in elementary schools in a rural area in Guangxi, China, was conducted. The PIDA on adolescents was also investigated via latent profile analysis; each predictor was tested via ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS: Three latent classes for the PIDA were identified: low-risk (48.2%), medium-risk (39.8%), and high-risk (11.9%) groups. There were significant differences among the three latent classes. The results revealed that being female, The duration of maternal employment outside the hometown, the largest anterior maxillary irregularity, the largest anterior mandibular irregularity, and the antero-posterior molar relationship (ORs of 1.737, 1.138, 1.117, 1.157, and OR = 1.242; P < 0.001, < 0.01, < 0.01, < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively) had significant effects on the PIDA on adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The occlusal features, being female and the duration of maternal employment outside the hometown are risk factors that influence the PIDA on adolescents. This provides an evidence for improving the PIDA status among rural adolescents.