Estudo longitudinal de famílias / Longitudinal study of families / Estudio longitudinal de familias

Introdução: O desenvolvimento da família é influenciado por diversos fatores de sua organização interna e de ordem ambiental, social, cultural, econômica e política. Em contexto de pobreza os riscos são maiores. Fatores de proteção, como boa organização familiar e rede social de apoio podem diminuir as consequências negativas da pobreza. São escassas as pesquisas longitudinais sobre vulnerabilidade e resiliência nas famílias. Objetivo: Este artigo descreve o desenvolvimento de três famílias ao longo de 15 anos, estudadas por meio de entrevistas em casa, parte de uma coorte populacional de um bairro de Porto Alegre (RS). Buscaram-se associações entre a qualidade das relações nessas famílias e sua saúde física e mental, especialmente a do filho, foco da pesquisa. Métodos: Selecionaram-se no arquivo da pesquisa as três primeiras famílias (do total de 148) das quais se tinham os resultados completos das cinco visitas realizadas aos quatro meses e aos dois, quatro, nove e 15 anos de um filho. Realizou-se análise qualitativa dos registros em busca de categorias para compreender a vida e as relações interpessoais nas famílias. O estudo foi realizado em conjunto por duas pesquisadoras, médicas especialistas em desenvolvimento humano. As categorias identificadas na análise e estudadas nas cinco etapas foram: configuração familiar, situação socioeconômica, situações traumáticas, saúde física, saúde relacional e mental, evolução cognitiva e escolar do filho. Resultados: As três famílias, todas de classe C, com filhos sem problemas de saúde física, tiveram evolução suficientemente boa, apesar de todas enfrentarem múltiplos problemas, inclusive separações e mortes precoces. A relação com o sistema de saúde e escola era boa e similar para as três. A jovem com menos problemas de saúde mental foi aquela que sofreu perdas mais importantes: morte dos pais. Tinha uma estrutura familiar multigeracional sólida desde a primeira infância, com relações interpessoais predominantemente colaborativas e amorosas. Conclusões: O artigo busca avançar na compreensão da resiliência nas famílias em situações de vulnerabilidade. Concluímos que essas três famílias, uma delas mais que as outras, foram suficientemente saudáveis na tarefa de educar seus filhos sem desenvolverem problemas mentais graves. Propomos que o bom desenvolvimento se associa com a adequação e amorosidade dos cuidados com a etapa do ciclo vital, mesmo enfrentando situações problemáticas. Essas qualidades precisam estar associadas à estabilidade socioeconômica básica e a bons serviços de saúde e escola.

Introduction: Family development is influenced by it's internal organization and environmental factors, socioeconomic, cultural and political. In poor contexts there are more risks to development. Protection factors like good family organization and social network may decrease the risks. Longitudinal research about vulnerability and resilience in families is scarse. Objective: This article describes the development of three families over 15 years through interviews at home. The families were part of a populational cohort of a neighborhood in Porto Alegre (RS). We looked for links between the quality of relationships and the physical and mental health of these families, especially of the child focus of the research. Methods: We selected in the research archives the first three families (of a total of 148) for which we had full results of the five interviews at four months and two, four, nine and fifteen years of a child. We did a qualitative analysis of the records looking for parameters to understand the life and interpersonal relationships of these families. This study was done by two researchers, both experts in Human Development. The categories identified in the analysis of the five phases were: family structure, socioeconomic situation, traumatic experiences, physical, mental and relational health and cognitive evolution of the child. Results: All three families belonged to economical class C. The children were in good physical health and had sufficiently good general development, having faced multiple problems, including parental separation and early parental death. The relationship with the health and school systems was good in all of them. The youth with less mental health problems was the one who suffered the heaviest loss: early death of both parents. Her family had strong multigenerational ties since her early days, with predominant collaborative and loving relationships. Conclusions: This article aims to contribute to the comprehension of resilience in families in the context of vulnerability. We can say that these three families were healthy enough in the task of bringing up children without any serious mental health problem. We suggest that healthy development is associated with loving interfamily relationships adequate to each phase of development, notwithstanding dramatic events. This needs to be supported by basic economic stability and adequate school and health systems.

Introducción: El desarrollo de la familia es influenciado por su organización interna y factores ambientales, sociales, culturales, económicos y políticos. En contextos pobres los riesgos son mayores. Factores de protección como buena organización familiar y red social de apoyo pueden disminuir las consecuencias negativas de la pobreza. Son pocas las investigaciones longitudinales de vulnerabilidad y resiliencia de las familias. Objetivo: Este artículo describe el estudio del desarrollo de tres familias a lo largo de 15 años, a través de entrevistas en domicilio, parte de una cohorte poblacional de un barrio de Porto Alegre (RS). Se buscaron correlaciones entre la calidad de las relaciones de esas familias y su salud física y mental, especialmente la del hijo foco de la investigación. Métodos: Fueron seleccionadas en el archivo de la investigación las tres primeras familias (de un total de 148) de las cuales se tenían los resultados completos de las cinco visitas realizadas, a los 4 meses, y a los 2, 4, 9, y 15 años de un hijo. Fue realizado un análisis cualitativo de los registros en busca de categorías para comprender la vida y las relaciones interpersonales en las familias. El estudio fue hecho en conjunto por dos investigadoras, médicas especialistas en desarrollo humano. Las categorías identificadas en el análisis y estudiadas en las cinco etapas fueron: configuración familiar, situación socioeconómica, situaciones traumáticas, salud física, salud relacional y mental, evolución cognitiva y escolar del hijo. Resultados: Las tres familias, todas de clase C, con hijos sin problemas de salud física, tuvieron evolución suficientemente buena, a pesar de que todas enfrentaron múltiples problemas, incluso separaciones y muertes precoces. La relación con el sistema de salud y escuela era buena y similar para las tres. La joven con menos problemas de salud mental fue aquella que sufrió las mayores pérdidas: muerte de los padres. Tenía una estructura familiar multigeneracional sólida desde la primera infancia, con relaciones interpersonales predominantemente colaborativas y amorosas. Conclusiones: El artículo pretende avanzar en la comprensión de la resiliencia en las familias en situaciones de vulnerabilidad. Concluimos que esas tres familias, una de ellas más que las otras, fueron suficientemente saludables en la tarea de educar a sus hijos sin que desarrollaran problemas mentales graves. Proponemos que el buen desarrollo se asocia con el amor y adecuación de los cuidados a la etapa del ciclo vital, aun enfrentando situaciones problemáticas. Esas calidades necesitan estar asociadas a la estabilidad socioeconómica básica y buenos servicios de salud y escuela.

Bienestar espiritual y su influencia en el perdón, la gratitud y la resiliencia en estudiantes universitarios de Lima (Perú)

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la influencia del bienestar espiritual en la gratitud, el perdón y la resiliencia en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Lima. Se utilizó un diseño explicativo con variables latentes. La muestra estuvo conformada por 957 estudiantes universitarios (29.5 % varones y 70.5 % mujeres, de 13 universidades (públicas 22.36 % y privadas 77.64 %) de Lima Metropolitana. Se utilizaron la Escala de Bienestar Espiritual (SWBS), la Escala de Disposición al Perdón (TFS), la Escala de Gratitud (EG) y la Escala Breve de Resiliencia (EBR). Entre los hallazgos se encontró que el modelo estimado con el método DWLS permite señalar que el bienestar espiritual tiene efectos directos sobre el perdón, la gratitud y la resiliencia. A su vez, la covarianza entre perdón y gratitud fue .090 (p > .05), entre perdón y resiliencia de .236 (p < .01), y entre gratitud y resiliencia fue igual a .122 (p < .01). Se discuten las implicancias de los resultados.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a influência do bem-estar espiritual na gratidão, perdão e resiliência em estudantes universitários da cidade de Lima. Foi utilizado um desenho explicativo com variáveis latentes. A amostra foi composta por 957 estudantes universitários (29,5 % homens e 70,5 % mulheres) de 13 universidades (22,36 % públicas e 77,64 % privadas) de Lima Metropolitana. Foram utilizadas a Escala de Bem-Estar Espiritual (SWBS), a Escala de Disposição ao Perdão (TFS), a Escala de Gratidão (EG) e a Escala Breve de Resiliência (EBR). Entre os achados, encontrou-se que o modelo estimado com o método DWLS permite indicar que o bem-estar espiritual tem efeitos diretos sobre o perdão, gratidão e resiliência. Por sua vez, a covariância entre perdão e gratidão foi de .090 (p > .05), entre perdão e resiliência de .236 (p < .01) e entre gratidão e resiliência foi igual a .122 (p < .01). As implicações dos resultados foram discutidas.

This study aimed to determine the influence of spiritual well-being on gratitude, forgiveness, and resilience in university students in the city of Lima. An explanatory design with latent variables was used. The sample consisted of 957 university students (29.5 % men and 70.5 % women from 13 universities (22.36% public and 77.64 % private)), from Metropolitan Lima. The Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (SWBS), the Trait Forgivingness Scale (TFS), the Gratitude Scale (GS), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) were used. Among the findings, it was found that the model estimated with the DWLS method allows us to point out that spiritual well-being directly affects forgiveness, gratitude, and resilience. In turn, the covariance between forgiveness and gratitude was .090 (p > .05), the covariance between forgiveness and resilience was .236 (p < .01), and the covariance between gratitude and resilience was equal to .122 (p < .01). The implications of the results have been discussed.

Influencia de la resiliencia y el afrontamiento en salud mental positiva en jóvenes mexicanos durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Influence of resilience and coping on positive mental health in young Mexicans during the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio consistió en explicar en qué medida la resiliencia y las estrategias de afrontamiento influyeron en la salud mental positiva de jóvenes mexicanos universitarios que vivieron la pandemia de COVID-19. La muestra se conformó por 1042 universitarios mexicanos de 18 a 24 años de edad (M = 20.5 DS = 1.9). El 78.4 % son mujeres (817). Se aplicaron en formato online los instrumentos: Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, Escala de Resiliencia, Escala de Afrontamiento y Escala de miedo al COVID-19. Se obtuvo un modelo con índices de bondad de ajuste satisfactorios (X 2 = 532.913, df = 114, X 2 /df = 4.6, SRMR = .053, RMSEA = .059, CFI = .927, p = .001), en el cual la resiliencia y el afrontamiento funcional son factores importantes que influyen en SMP, por lo que son variables que deben considerarse en los programas de intervención psicológica para la promoción de la salud de los jóvenes universitarios.

Abstract The objective of this study was to explain to what extent resilience and coping strategies influenced the positive mental health of young Mexican university students who have experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample was made up of 1.042 Mexican university students between 18 and 24 years of age (M = 20.5 SD = 1.9). 78.4% are women (817). The instruments: Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, Resilience Scale, Coping Scale and Fear of COVID-19 Scale were applied in online format. A model was obtained with satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices (X2 = 532.913, df = 114), resilience and functional coping are important factors that influence SMP, so they are variables that should be considered in psychological intervention programs to promote the health of university students.

A novel intervention for acute stress reaction: exploring the feasibility of ReSTART among Norwegian soldiers.

Background: Soldiers in combat may experience acute stress reactions (ASRs) in response to trauma. This can disrupt function, increasing both immediate physical danger and the risk for post-trauma mental health sequelae. There are few reported strategies for managing ASRs; however, recent studies suggest a novel peer-based intervention as a promising approach.Objectives: This study assesses the feasibility of ReSTART training, a peer-based course designed to prepare soldiers to manage ASRs. ReSTART builds on programmes established by US and Israeli militaries. The current study evaluates the ReSTART programme in a Norwegian setting, across distinct groups of soldiers, professionals and conscripts.Methods: Participants included professional soldiers deploying to Mali and conscripts with 6 months of service, who completed the ReSTART training course and surveys administered pre- and post-training. These surveys assessed attitudes and programme acceptability. Analyses included 74 soldiers who provided complete survey responses.Results: ReSTART training received high ratings in terms of usefulness, relevance, and importance in managing ASRs. From pre- to post-training, respondents had significant increases in positive attitudes towards ASR management and confidence in handling ASRs personally, and at the unit level; decreases in stigma-related attitudes associated with ASRs; and increased perception of leadership emphasizing ASR management.Conclusions: ReSTART training shows potential as an effective tool when preparing soldiers to manage ASRs in high-risk environments, enhancing military units' capacity to support each other and effectively respond to stress-induced functional disruptions. This study adds evidence supporting the utility of peer-based ASR management in operational settings and highlights the need for broader implementation and systematic evaluation.

This study is the first study outside the US and Israeli context to systematically evaluate the feasibility of peer-based interventions for Acute Stress Reactions (ASRs) during combat.Results show that a novel Norwegian Armed Forces training programme, called ReSTART, is strongly endorsed as a means to prepare soldiers for managing ASRs.The study also demonstrates that completing ReSTART training positively impacts changes in self-confidence in ASR management, confidence in others' ability to manage ASRs, perceptions of leadership emphasis of ASR management, and stigma related to ASRs.This investigation represents the first investigation of how suitable training for peer-based ASR interventions is for inexperienced conscripted soldiers. Findings show that overall, ReSTART training has high suitability for both professional soldiers and conscripts with less than 6 months of service.Findings demonstrate the utility of peer-based interventions like ReSTART in European militaries. Moreover, the study has implications for preparing inexperienced recruits such as newly mobilized Ukrainian soldiers currently being trained by NATO partners.

Mental health of nursing students regarding the Moroccan earthquake: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: In addition to the economic and social impact, mental health issues are one of health needs during natural disaster such as earthquake. Thus, surveillance for mental health variables is crucial for public health planning. Nursing students as professional students may be particularly vulnerable to adverse mental health effects after an earthquake because of their potential role in emergency response and the challenges associated with providing medical care in crisis conditions. The aim of this research was to assess the mental health of students after six months of the Moroccan earthquake and associated factors. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey of student nurses was conducted on March 2024; six months after the Moroccan earthquake in front to 261 students using class sampling method. Three validated psychometric measures, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PCL-C), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to assess the nursing student mental health after Moroccan earthquake. RESULTS: Anxiety, Depression, Stress and abnormal post-traumatic stress rank was present respectively in 44.8%, 37.1%, 7.7%, 61.3% of participants. However, a minority of students obtained the high resilience score (13.8%). The results showed that the DAS scale correlated negatively with age (p = 0.034). Furthermore, the female gender, 3rd grade students (as final year for the nursing diploma) and those who had lost a family member in the natural disaster obtained higher medians with a significant difference in the DAS scale score (p < 0.05). The post-traumatic stress scale was only affected by material damage (p = 0.044). However, the high level of scores resilience obtained significantly for students living with their families. In contrast, no association between the mental health of nursing students and attending the phenomenon or living near earthquake foci. CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated the crucial need to train healthcare providers in emotion management in the event of a natural disaster, and to launch a priori initiatives, particularly with regard to the mental health of students in health universities, in order to prepare them psychologically for any intervention in the case of an alert.

Revisión de Literatura: Resiliencia en estudiantes de Odontología / Literature Review: Resilience in Dentistry

La investigación tiene como objetivo describir la resiliencia de los estudiantes de odontología, los factores asociados y las consecuencias en sus respectivas actividades académicas. Se realizó una investigación y recopilación de información bibliográfica especializada, en revistas indexadas de repositorios internacionales como Elsevier, PubMed Scielo, entre otras, con artículos publicados desde el 2019 hasta el 2023. La literatura ha demostrado que la resiliencia carece de una definición unánime, y su significado varía según las disciplinas que la estudian. Sin embargo, todas las definiciones hacen referencia a la capacidad de enfrentar adversidades y obtener resultados positivos. La resiliencia en estudiantes de odontología es crucial para equilibrar el crecimiento académico, la calidad del cuidado al paciente y el bienestar personal, lo que conduce a una experiencia educativa más exitosa y satisfactoria en esta profesión. También es importante resaltar que las instituciones educativas son el lugar ideal para promover la resiliencia.

The research aims to describe the resilience of dental students, the associated factors and the consequences in their respective academic activities. A research and compilation of specialised bibliographic information was carried out, in journals indexed in international repositories such as Elsevier, PubMed Scielo, among others, with articles published from 2019 to 2023. The literature has shown that resilience lacks a unanimous definition, and its meaning varies according to the disciplines that study it. However, all definitions refer to the ability to cope with adversity and achieve positive outcomes. Resilience in dental students is crucial to balancing academic growth, quality patient care and personal well-being, leading to a more successful and satisfying educational experience in this profession. It is also important to note that educational institutions are the ideal place to foster resilience.

Resilience as a Modulating Factor of Empathy in Medical Students

Introduction: Empathy is a complex and multidimensional attribute. Attempts have been made to explain empathic behavior based on other variables. Empirical evidence shows that empathy could be the product of the influence of several factors. One of these factors could be resilience. There is still no developed theory and consistent empirical evidence demonstrating that empathy depends on resilience. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine if resilience can predict empathic behavior. Methodology: This study is non-experimental and ex post facto with a cross-sectional design. Variables. Dependent: Empathy; Independent: Resilience. Population: Medical students belonging to the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Universidad Autónoma de Santa Ana (UNASA), Santa Ana, El Salvador (N=579). The sample (n=465) consisted of students (both sexes). Convenience sampling. Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Healthcare Professionals, student version (JSE-HPS). Trait Resilience Scale (EEA). A Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) model was used. Additionally, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) (>0.95), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) (>0.95), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) (<0.08), and Standardized Root Mean Square (SRMR) (<0.08), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were employed. The significance level employed was α < 0.05. Results: All these results show that both measurement models (empathy and resilience) are adequately represented and are suitable for the structural model. Discussion: Individual resilience is a variable that can predict empathic behavior in medical students belonging to a Faculty of Health Sciences. The results constitute indirect empirical evidence that it is possible to define empathy as a dependent variable and resilience as an independent variable.

Introducción: La empatía es un atributo complejo y multidimensional. Se han realizado intentos para explicar el comportamiento empático basado en otras variables. La evidencia empírica muestra que la empatía podría ser el producto de la influencia de varios factores. Uno de estos factores podría ser la resiliencia. Aún no existe una teoría desarrollada y evidencia empírica consistente que demuestre que la empatía depende de la resiliencia. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si la resiliencia puede predecir el comportamiento empático. Metodología: Este estudio es no experimental y ex post facto con un diseño transversal. Variables. Dependiente: Empatía; Independiente: Resiliencia. Población: Estudiantes de medicina pertenecientes a la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autónoma de Santa Ana (UNASA), Santa Ana, El Salvador (N=579). La muestra (n=465) consistió en estudiantes (ambos sexos). Muestreo por conveniencia. Escala de Empatía de Jefferson para Profesionales de la Salud, versión estudiantil (JSE-HPS). Escala de Resiliencia de Rasgo (EEA). Se utilizó un modelo de Modelado de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM). Además, se emplearon el Índice de Ajuste Comparativo (CFI) (>0.95), Índice de Tucker-Lewis (TLI) (>0.95), Error Cuadrático Medio de Aproximación (RMSEA) (<0.08) y Error Cuadrático Medio Estandarizado (SRMR) (<0.08), Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (CFA). El nivel de significancia empleado fue α < 0.05. Resultados: Estos resultados muestran que ambos modelos de medición (empatía y resiliencia) están adecuadamente representados y son adecuados para el modelo estructural. Discusión: Los resultados constituyen evidencia empírica indirecta de que es posible definir la empatía como una variable dependiente y la resiliencia como una variable independiente.

Predictive Role of Resilience and Hope on Adherence to Treatment in Hemodialysis Patients / Papel predictivo de la resiliencia y la esperanza en la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes en hemodiálisis / Papel preditivo da resiliência e da esperança na adesão ao tratamento em pacientes em hemodiálise

Objective. To determine the predictive role of resilience and hope on adherence to treatment in hemodialysis patients hospitalized in two hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Shiraz, Iran). Methods. This is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in 2021-2022 on 120 patients treated in hemodialysis sections in Namazi and Shahid Faqihi teaching hospitals. Sampling was conducted using a stratified random method. Demographic information questionnaires, Connor and Davidson's resilience, Snyder's hope and adherence to kidney patients' treatment questionnaires were used to collect the data. Results. The finds showed that the levels of resilience, hope, and adherence to treatment had hight level. More specifically, it was indicated that the mean and standard deviation for the total resilience score, the hope variable, and adherence to total treatment was 75.45±14.34, 40.43±3.66, and 80.12±18.20, respectively; which have maximum possible scores of 100, 48 and 100. Thus, it can be said that no correlation was observed between resilience and adherence to treatment variables (p>0.05); hope variable and adherence to treatment (p>0.05), and adherence to treatment with hope and resilience variables (p>0.05). However, hope and resilience variables showed a direct and weak correlation with each other (r=0.36, p<0.05); that is, patients who had more hope indicated better resilience as well. Conclusion. Although in this study we found that the resilience and hope variables were not able to predict the treatment adherence, hope and resilience indicated a direct and weak correlation. It is recommended that nurses should pay more attention to hope and resilience of hemodialysis patients in order to promote their health.

Objetivo. Determinar el papel predictivo de la resiliencia y la esperanza en la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes en hemodiálisis internados en dos hospitales afiliados a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Shiraz (Shiraz, Irán). Métodos. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo-analítico que se realizó en 2021-2022 con la participación de 120 pacientes tratados en secciones de hemodiálisis en los hospitales docentes Namazi y Shahid Faqihi. El muestreo se realizó mediante un método aleatorio estratificado. Para la recogida de datos se utilizaron datos demográficos y las escalas de resiliencia de Connor y Davidson, de esperanza de Snyder y de adherencia al tratamiento de pacientes renales. Resultados. Los hallazgos mostraron que los niveles de resiliencia, esperanza y adherencia al tratamiento se encontraban en niveles altos. Más concretamente, se indicó que la media y la desviación estándar para la puntuación total de resiliencia, la variable esperanza y la adherencia al tratamiento total fueron 75.45±14.34, 40,43±3.66 y 80.12±18.20, respectivamente; las cuales tienen como puntajes máximos posibles 100, 48 y 100. No se observó correlación entre las variables: resiliencia y adherencia al tratamiento (p>0.05), esperanza y la adherencia al tratamiento (p>0.05), y adherencia al tratamiento y las variables esperanza y resiliencia (p>0.05). Sin embargo, las variables esperanza y resiliencia mostraron una correlación directa y débil entre sí (r=0.36, p<0.05); es decir, los pacientes que tenían más esperanza indicaron también mejor resiliencia. Conclusión. Aunque en este estudio encontramos que las variables resiliencia y esperanza no fueron capaces de predecir la adherencia al tratamiento, la esperanza y la resiliencia indicaron una correlación directa y débil. Se recomienda que el personal de enfermería preste más atención a la esperanza y la resiliencia de los pacientes en hemodiálisis para promover su salud.

Objetivo. Determinar o papel preditivo da resiliência e da esperança na adesão ao tratamento em pacientes em hemodiálise internados em dois hospitais afiliados à Universidade de Ciências Médicas de Shiraz (Shiraz, Irã). Métodos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-analítico realizado em 2021-2022 com a participação de 120 pacientes atendidos nas seções de hemodiálise dos hospitais universitários Namazi e Shahid Faqihi. A amostragem foi realizada por método aleatório estratificado. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados dados demográficos e as escalas de resiliência de Connor e Davidson, escalas de esperança de Snyder e adesão ao tratamento de pacientes renais. Resultados As descobertas mostraram que os níveis de resiliência, esperança e adesão ao tratamento estavam em níveis elevados. Mais especificamente, foi indicado que a média e o desvio padrão do escore de resiliência total, da variável esperança e da adesão total ao tratamento foram 75.45±14.34, 40.43±3.66 e 80.12±18.20, respectivamente; que possuem as pontuações máximas possíveis de 100, 48 e 100. Não foi observada correlação entre as variáveis: resiliência e adesão ao tratamento (p>0.05), esperança e adesão ao tratamento (p>0.05), e adesão ao tratamento e esperança e variáveis de resiliência (p>0.05). Contudo, as variáveis esperança e resiliência apresentaram correlação direta e fraca entre si (r=0.36, p<0.05); Ou seja, os pacientes mais esperançosos também indicaram melhor resiliência. Conclusão. Embora neste estudo tenhamos constatado que as variáveis resiliência e esperança não foram capazes de predizer a adesão ao tratamento, a esperança e a resiliência indicaram uma correlação direta e fraca. Recomenda-se que a equipe de enfermagem preste mais atenção à esperança e à resiliência dos pacientes em hemodiálise para promover sua saúde.

Island restoration to rebuild seabird populations and amplify coral reef functioning.

Mobile organisms like seabirds can provide important nutrient flows between ecosystems, but this connectivity has been interrupted by the degradation of island ecosystems. Island restoration (via invasive species eradications and the restoration of native vegetation) can reestablish seabird populations and their nutrient transfers between their foraging areas, breeding colonies, and adjacent nearshore habitats. Its diverse benefits are making island restoration increasingly common and scalable to larger islands and whole archipelagos. We identified the factors that influence breeding seabird abundances throughout the Chagos Archipelago in the Indian Ocean and conducted predictive modeling to estimate the abundances of seabirds that the archipelago could support under invasive predator eradication and native vegetation restoration scenarios. We explored whether the prey base exists to support restored seabird populations across the archipelago, calculated the nitrogen that restored populations of seabirds might produce via their guano, and modeled the cascading conservation gains that island restoration could provide. Restoration was predicted to increase breeding pairs of seabirds to over 280,000, and prey was predicted to be ample to support the revived seabird populations. Restored nutrient fluxes were predicted to result in increases in coral growth rates, reef fish biomasses, and parrotfish grazing and bioerosion rates. Given these potential cross-ecosystem benefits, our results support island restoration as a conservation priority that could enhance resilience to climatic change effects, such as sea-level rise and coral bleaching. We encourage the incorporation of our estimates of cross-ecosystem benefits in prioritization exercises for island restoration.

Restauración en islas para reconstruir las poblaciones de aves marinas y amplificar la funcionalidad de los arrecifes de coral Resumen Los organismos móviles como las aves marinas pueden proporcionar flujos importantes de nutrientes entre los ecosistemas, aunque esta conectividad ha sido interrumpida por la degradación de los ecosistemas isleñas. La restauración de islas (por medio de la erradicación de especies invasoras y la restauración de la vegetación nativa) puede reestablecer las poblaciones de aves marinas y su transferencia de nutrientes entre las áreas de forrajeo, las colonias reproductoras y los hábitats adyacentes a la costa. Los diferentes beneficios de la restauración de islas hacen que sea cada vez más común y escalable a islas más grandes y archipiélagos completos. Identificamos los factores que influyen sobre la abundancia de aves reproductoras en todo el archipiélago de Chagos en el Océano Índico y realizamos un modelo predictivo para estimar la abundancia de aves que podría soportar el archipiélago bajo escenarios de la erradicación de un depredador invasor y la restauración de la vegetación nativa. Exploramos si existe la base de presas para soportar las poblaciones restauradas de aves marinas en el archipiélago, calculamos el nitrógeno que las poblaciones restauradas podrían producir mediante el guano y modelamos la conservación en cascada que podría proporcionar la restauración de la isla. Se pronosticó que la restauración incrementaría las parejas reproductoras a más de 280,000 y que las presas serían las suficientes para soportar las poblaciones restauradas de aves marinas. También se pronosticó que los flujos restaurados de nutrientes resultarían en un incremento de la tasa de crecimiento de los corales, la biomasa de los peces del arrecife y las tasas de bio­erosión y de alimentación de los peces loro. Dados estos beneficios potenciales entre los ecosistemas, nuestros resultados respaldan a la restauración de islas como una prioridad de conservación que podría incrementar la resiliencia a los efectos del cambio climático, como el incremento en el nivel del mar y el blanqueamiento de los corales. Promovemos que se incorporen nuestras estimaciones de los beneficios transecosistémicos dentro de los ejercicios de priorización para la restauración de islas.

Relación entre gratitud, satisfacción con la vida y resiliencia en adultos colombianos: una comparación por sexo e ingresos económicos / Relationship between Gratitude, Life Satisfaction, and Resilience in Colombian Adults: A Comparison by Gender and Income

Resumen La gratitud ha sido considerada como un factor protector de diferentes enfermedades mentales y proporciona a los individuos mayores sentimientos de connotación positiva hacia la vida, lo que favorece al bienestar de las personas, pero poco se ha explorado su relación con la satisfacción con la vida y la resiliencia. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar si existe relación entre la gratitud, la resiliencia y la satisfacción con la vida, y compararlas según el sexo e ingresos económicos en adultos colombianos. Para ello se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, con alcance correlacional. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios Cuestionario de Gratitud (G-20), Escala de Resiliencia Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC 10) y Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) en una muestra de 1099 participantes de nacionalidad colombiana, 123 hombres, 971 mujeres y 5 otros. Sus edades oscilaban entre los 19 y 67 años, y recibían en su mayoría mensualmente entre 400000COP y 900 000 COP (96.06USD-218.07USD). Los resultados mostraron altos niveles de gratitud, resiliencia y satisfacción con la vida, a nivel comparativo no se encontraron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres, los participantes con mayores ingresos económicos presentaron mayores niveles de gratitud y satisfacción con la vida en comparación de aquellos con menores ingresos, y finalmente se hallaron correlaciones fuertes y positivas entre la gratitud, resiliencia y satisfacción con la vida. En conclusión, puede contemplarse a la gratitud como un aspecto favorable para la salud, la calidad de vida y el mejoramiento de otras condiciones psicológicas.

Abstract Gratitude has been considered a protective factor against various mental illnesses, providing individuals with heightened positive feelings towards life, thereby promoting well-being. However, little exploration has been conducted on its relationship with life satisfaction and resilience. Therefore, the objective of this research was to identify whether there is a relationship between gratitude, resilience, and life satisfaction and to compare these factors based on gender and income among Colombian adults. A quantitative, non-experimental study with correlational scope was conducted. The Gratitude Questionnaire (G-20), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were administered to a sample of 1099 Colombian partici-pants, including 123 men, 971 women, and 5 others. Participants ranged in age from 19 to 67 years, with the majority earning monthly incomes between 400,000 COP-900,000 COP (96.06 USD-218.07 USD). The results revealed high levels of gratitude, resilience, and life satisfaction. Comparatively, no differences were found between men and women. Participants with higher incomes exhibited greater levels of gratitude and life satisfaction compared to those with lower incomes. Furthermore, strong positive correlations were found between gratitude, resilience, and life satisfaction. In conclusion, gratitude can be considered a favorable aspect for health, quality of life, and the improvement of other psychological conditions

Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de resiliencia de Wagnild y Young en personas adultas mayores costarricenses / Psychometric Properties of The Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale in Costa Rican Older Adults / Propriedades psicométricas da escala de resiliência wagnild e young em pessoas idosas da Costa Rica

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de resiliencia de Wagnild y Young, versión argentina, en un grupo de personas adultas mayores costarricenses. Materiales y métodos: Se contó con un grupo piloto (N = 40, X = 69.38) y otro para el análisis de las propiedades psicométricas (N = 100, X = 69.31). Se utilizó la escala de resiliencia de Wagnild y Young, versión argentina, de 25 ítems. Se efectuó un análisis por juicio de personas expertas y un estudio piloto, para establecer la escala por validar; posterior a esto, se realizó el estudio de validación completo. Se aplicaron análisis factoriales y alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: El análisis factorial extrajo dos factores denominados: a) "capacidad de autoeficacia" y b) "capacidad de propósito y sentido de vida". La consistencia interna en el nivel global fue 0.84 (21 ítems); para el primer factor, 0.81, y para el segundo factor, 0.74. Conclusiones: El instrumento es confiable y válido para valorar los niveles de resiliencia desde una óptica integral e interdisciplinaria, en una población de personas adultas mayores con las características similares a las de la muestra estudiada. A futuro, se recomienda realizar análisis cualitativos para delimitar mejor los constructos, con base en las características de la población.

Abstract Purpose: To analyze the psychometric characteristics of the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale Argentine version in a Costa Rican elderly group. Materials and methods: The study had two groups, one for the pilot study (N = 40, X = 69.38), and another for the analysis of the psychometric properties (N = 100, X = 69.31). The 25-item Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale, Argentine version, was used. An analysis by expert judgment and a pilot study were carried out to establish the scale to be validated, after which, the complete validation study was carried out. Factor analyzes and Cronbach's alpha were applied. Results: They were obtained two factors named: a) "selfefficacy capacity", and b) "purpose in life capacity". The global internal consistency was 0.84, for the first factor was 0.81 and for the second factor was 0.74. Conclusions: The scale generated is reliable and valid to assess resilience in an elderly people with similar characteristics to the present study. In the future, it is recommended to carry out qualitative analyzes to better define the constructs based on the characteristics of the population.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Resiliência Wagnild e Young, versão argentina, em um grupo de pessoas idosas costarriquenhas. Materiais e métodos: Um grupo piloto (N = 40, X = 69,38) e outro grupo para a análise das propriedades psicométricas (N = 100, X = 69,31) foram utilizados. A Escala de Resiliência Wagnild e Young, versão argentina, com 25 itens, foi utilizada. Para estabelecer a escala a ser validada, foi realizada uma análise de julgamento por especialistas e um estudo piloto, após o qual foi realizado o estudo de validação completo. A análise fatorial e o alfa de Cronbach foram aplicados. Resultados: A análise fatorial extraiu dois fatores: a) "capacidade de autoeficácia" e b) "capacidade de propósito e significado na vida". A consistência interna ao nível global foi de 0,84 (21 itens); para o primeiro fator foi de 0,81 e para o segundo fator foi de 0,74. Conclusões: O instrumento é confiável e válido para avaliar níveis de resiliência a partir de uma perspectiva holística e interdisciplinar em uma população de idosos com características semelhantes às da amostra estudada. Recomendam-se futuras análises qualitativas para melhor delimitar as construções com base nas características da população.

Resiliência dos enfermeiros no cuidado ao doente crítico COVID-19 / Nurses' resilience in caring for critically ill patients with COVID-19 / La resiliencia de las enfermeras en el cuidado de pacientes críticos com COVID-19

Resumo Contexto: Os enfermeiros, enquanto profissionais na prestação de cuidados ao doente COVID-19, estiveram expostos a um maior risco de vulnerabilidade. Objetivo: Identificar o nível e fatores de resiliência e analisar a sua relação com as caraterísticas sóciodemográficas e profissionais dos enfermeiros. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo de natureza quantitativa, descritiva, correlacional e transversal. A amostra foi constituída por 60 enfermeiros do serviço de urgência geral de adultos de um hospital da região norte do país. Para a recolha de dados recorreu-se a um questionário para a caraterização sociodemográfico e profissional e a Escala de Resiliência para Adultos. Foi realizado o tratamento estatístico descritivo e inferencial, com recurso ao programa IBM-SPSS® versão 25.0. Resultados: Os enfermeiros mostraram um nível de resiliência acima do valor médio da escala e foram os enfermeiros do sexo feminino que apresentam maiores níveis de resiliência. Referiram o fator Recursos Sociais como o mais frequente e o fator Estilo Estruturado como o menos frequente. Conclusões: Os resultados mostram um nível de resiliência dos enfermeiros acima do valor médio da escala. Altos níveis de resiliência podem ser explicados pela Teoria de Reintegração Resiliente na qual o confronto com a adversidade resulta em novos patamares de crescimento e adaptação pessoal.

Abstract Background: Nurses, as professionals providing care to COVID-19 patients, were exposed to a greater risk of vulnerability. Aim: Identify the level and factors of resilience and analyze its relationship with the sociodemographic and professional characteristics of nurses. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample consisted of 60 nurses from the general adult emergency service of a hospital in the north of the country. The instruments of data collecting were a questionnaire with questions about sociodemographic and professional characterization and the Resilience Scale for Adults. Descriptive and inferential statistical treatment was carried out using the IBM-SPSS® version 25.0 program. Results: Nurses showed a level of resilience above the mean value of the scale, and it was female nurses who presented higher levels of resilience. They mentioned the Social Resources factor as the most frequent and the Structured Style factor as the least frequent. Conclusions: The results show a level of nurses' resilience above the average value of the scale. High levels of resilience can be explained by the Resilient Reintegration Theory in which confrontation with adversity results in new levels of personal growth and adaptation.

Resumen Contexto: Los enfermeros, como profesionales que brindan atención a pacientes con COVID-19, estuvieron expuestos a un mayor riesgo de vulnerabilidad. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel y los factores de resiliencia y analizar su relación con las características sociodemográficas y profesionales de los enfermeros. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional y transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 60 enfermeros del servicio general de emergencia del adulto de un hospital del norte del país, para la recolección de datos se utilizó un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica y profesional y la Escala de Resiliencia para Adultos. El tratamiento estadístico descriptivo e inferencial se realizó mediante el programa IBM-SPSS® versión 25.0. Resultados: Los enfermeros mostraron un nivel de resiliencia superior al valor medio de la escala y fueron las enfermeras las que presentaron mayores niveles de resiliencia. Mencionaron el factor Recursos Sociales como el más frecuente y el factor Estilo Estructurado como el menos frecuente. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran un nivel de resiliencia de los enfermeros superior al valor medio de la escala. Los altos niveles de resiliencia pueden explicarse mediante la Teoría de la Reintegración Resiliente, según la cual la confrontación con la adversidad da como resultado nuevos niveles de crecimiento personal y adaptación.

Potentially morally injurious experiences and associated factors among Dutch UN peacekeepers: a latent class analysis.

Background: During peacekeeping missions, military personnel may be involved in or exposed to potentially morally injurious experiences (PMIEs), such as an inability to intervene due to a limited mandate. While exposure to such morally transgressive events has been shown to lead to moral injury in combat veterans, research on moral injury in peacekeepers is limited.Objective: We aimed to determine patterns of exposure to PMIEs and associated outcome- and exposure-related factors among Dutch peacekeepers stationed in the former Yugoslavia during the Srebrenica genocide.Method: Self-report data were collected among Dutchbat III veterans (N = 431). We used Latent Class Analysis to identify subgroups of PMIE exposure as assessed by the Moral Injury Scale-Military version. We investigated whether deployment location, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), posttraumatic growth, resilience, and quality of life differentiated between latent classes.Results: The analysis identified a three-class solution: a high exposure class (n = 79), a moderate exposure class (n = 261), and a betrayal and powerlessness-only class (n = 135). More PMIE exposure was associated with deployment location and higher odds of having probable PTSD. PMIE exposure was not associated with posttraumatic growth. Resilience and quality of life were excluded from analyses due to high correlations with PTSD.Conclusions: Peacekeepers may experience varying levels of PMIE exposure, with more exposure being associated with worse outcomes 25 years later. Although no causal relationship may be assumed, the results emphasize the importance of better understanding PMIEs within peacekeeping.

Peacekeeping veterans reported different patterns of exposure to potentially morally injurious experiences: high exposure, moderate exposure, or experiences of betrayal and powerlessness only.Deployment location predicted the pattern of exposure.More exposure was associated with worse psychological outcomes 25 years later.

Traumatic stress, active engagement and resilience in first responders and civilians in the outbreak of war.

Background: The outbreak of war in Israel on 7 October and the unique events of that day have presented unprecedented challenges to first responders (FRs), who are professionally trained to engage in providing assistance in such circumstances. Moreover, while research demonstrates the long-term psychological consequences of FRs, little is known regarding how FR's engagement in providing assistance relates to stress and resilience levels as events continue to unfold.Objective: The current study examined the relationship between traumatic stress symptoms (TSS) and resilience levels among FRs and controls during the first weeks of the Iron Swords war, while focusing on the moderating role of active engagement in providing assistance.Method: Data were collected during the first month of the Iron Swords war from 374 participants living in Southern Israel, of whom 77 (20.6%) were FRs. All participants filled out scales assessing TSS and resilience and provided relevant background information.Results: High TSS levels were associated with reduced resilience in FRs and non-FRs. Moreover, both the study group and active engagement were significant moderators for the TSS-resilience link, which was insignificant among FRs who provided assistance and for civilians who did not provide assistance. However, the TSS-resilience association remained significant for FRs who did not engage in providing assistance and for civilians who did.Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of examining the extent to which FRs act in line with their duties during times of adverse stress. Clinical interventions aimed towards FRs who did not engage in providing assistance are needed and should focus on the extent to which their moral values, beliefs and expectations are met, as these appear critical parameters in preserving resilience.

First responders report increased traumatic stress and reduced resilience.Active engagement moderated first responders' traumatic stress­resilience link.Findings are discussed in the context of potentially morally injurious events.

Assessing transgenerational trauma transmission: development and psychometric properties of the Historical Intergenerational Trauma Transmission Questionnaire (HITT-Q).

ABSTRACTObjective/Background: Despite increasing attention on transgenerational trauma, currently no comprehensive model and measure exists to be applied on various populations. This study represents the first step in the validation of such a model and a related scale. The Historical Intergenerational Trauma Questionnaire (HITT-Q) assesses family and offspring self-reported vulnerability and resilience, as well as offspring historical moral injury and current levels of insidious trauma.Method: We developed the HITT-Q based on the cross-population model (HITT model; [Starrs, C. & Békés, V. (2024). Historical and transgenerational trauma: A conceptual framework. Traumatology. In Press]) which incorporates key findings in existing population specific studies. For initial validation of the model and its measurement, Holocaust survivors' offspring (N = 1104) completed the HITT-Q, measures of current mental health symptoms (PTSD, C-PTSD, anxiety, and depression), and a resilience scale.Results: In line with the HITT model, confirmatory factor analyses supported a 12-factor solution with the following factors under theorized dimensions: I. Family Vulnerability: (1) Dysregulated and Trauma-related Communication; (2)Trauma-influenced Parenting, (3) Fear; (4) Distress; II. (5) Family Resilience, III. Offspring Vulnerability: (6) Escape; (7) Heightened Responsibility; (8) Trauma-related distress; IV. Offspring Resilience: (9) Coping; (10) Belonging; (11) Values; V. (12) Historical Moral injury. The 12-factor model showed acceptable to good internal validity, and comparison with an existing measure of transgenerational Holocaust trauma indicated good concurrent validity. Finally, the HITT-Q demonstrated predictive validity for mental health symptoms and current resilience.Conclusions: The current study represents the first step in validating the HITT-Q as a comprehensive measure of historical intergenerational vulnerability and resilience. Our findings provide strong support for the underlying model, and suggest that the HITT-Q represents a valuable scale for both research and historical trauma-informed care.

The papers provides support for the underlying model of historical and transgenerational trauma.Findings showed that the Historical Intergenerational Trauma Questionnaire (HITT-Q) has 12 factors, and that it has good psychometric qualities, including internal, concurrent, and predictive validity.The Historical Intergenerational Trauma Questionnaire (HITT-Q) represent a valuable scale for both research and historical trauma-informed care.

Heightened response to positive facial cues as a potential marker of resilience following childhood adversity.

Background: Childhood maltreatment profoundly influences social and emotional development, increasing psychiatric risk. Alterations in the implicit processing of threat-related cues following early abuse and neglect represent a marker of mental health vulnerability. Less is known about how early adversity influences the perception of positive social cues, despite their central role in establishing and maintaining social interactions and their association with better mental health outcomes.Methods: The sample consisted of 42 children and adolescents with substantiated childhood maltreatment experiences and 32 peers (mean age 13.3), matched on age, pubertal status, gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and cognitive ability. A computerised experimental task assessed the perceived emotional intensity of positive (happy) and negative (fearful) facial expressions. Mental health symptoms were measured via self- and parental reports, and perceived social support was self-reported.Results: The experience of abuse and neglect was associated with heightened perceived intensity of positive facial cues. Cross-sectional post-hoc moderation and mediation analyses, employing a model-building approach, revealed that in maltreatment-exposed participants: (i) their increased response to positive facial cues was associated with lower symptoms; (ii) the presence of social support accounted for their heightened perceived intensity of positive facial cues; (iii) the presence of social support putatively contributed to lower symptoms by increasing the perceived intensity of positive facial cues. No group differences in perceived intensity of negative expressions were observed.Conclusions: These findings provide fresh insight into how positive faces are processed following maltreatment experience in childhood. Maltreatment experience was found to be associated with heightened perceived intensity of happy faces, which in turn was associated with better mental health and greater levels of social support. This suggests that heightened saliency of positive emotions acts protectively in children with maltreatment experience.

The impact of childhood maltreatment on perceiving positive social cues, especially explicit emotional intensity appraisal, is less understood compared to the extensive focus on its role in processing threat-related cues and psychiatric risk.In this study, we found that maltreatment experience was associated with heightened perceived intensity of happy faces, which in turn was associated with better mental health and greater levels of social support.These findings suggest that heightened saliency of positive emotions may act protectively in children with maltreatment experience.

Validación de la versión autoaplicable de la Subescala de Resiliencia del inventario BESSI-45 en adolescentes peruanos de 12 a 17 años de edad / Validation of the self-applicable version of the Resilience Subscale of the BESSI-45 Inventory in Peruvian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years

RESUMEN La resiliencia emocional implica capacidades de regulación de estrés, ansiedad, miedo, cólera e irritabilidad, así como la resistencia intencional a los impulsos y el mantenimiento de una actitud positiva frente a circunstancias difíciles y hacia uno mismo. Evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de una versión en español de la subescala de resiliencia del BESSI-45. Se aplicó el BESSI-45 a 625 adolescentes de tres zonas diferentes del Perú. Se evaluó la consistencia interna, la estructura factorial, la invarianza factorial y las características basadas en la teoría de respuesta al ítem (TRI) de la subescala y se determinaron sus baremos. La consistencia interna fue adecuada (omega = 0,8243). El análisis factorial mostró una estructura unidimensional con buenos indicadores de ajuste, así como una invarianza factorial en cuanto a sexo y región geográfica. La capacidad de discriminación de acuerdo a la TRI fue satisfactoria para todos los ítems. Los ítems más importantes fueron tres relacionados con el control de la cólera y la impulsividad. En los adolescentes peruanos evaluados, la subescala de resiliencia del BESSI-45 muestra características psicométricas adecuadas con base en su estructura factorial, consistencia interna y en la TRI.

ABSTRACT Emotional resilience skills involve the regulation of stress, anxiety, fear, anger, and irritability; intentional impulse resistance; and the maintenance of a positive attitude towards oneself and difficult surrounding circumstances. The aim of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the resilience subscale of the BESSI-45. The BESSI-45 was administered to 625 adolescents from three different regions of Peru. The resilience subscale was evaluated in terms of norms, internal consistency, factorial structure, factorial invariance, and Item Response Theory (IRT)-based characteristics. Internal consistency was adequate (omega = 0.8243), the factor analysis showed a unidimensional structure with good fit indices, and factorial invariance was demonstrated across gender and geographic region. The discrimination ability according to IRT was satisfactory for all items. The most important items were three related to anger control and impulsivity. In the study sample of Peruvian adolescents, the resilience subscale of the BESSI-45 shows adequate psychometric characteristics based on its factorial structure, internal consistency and IRT.

Resiliência e o significado do trabalho de enfermeiros na pandemia de COVID-19 / Resiliencia y el significado del trabajo de los enfermeros durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Resilience and the meaning of nurses' work in the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumo Objetivo Verificar e correlacionar a resiliência e o significado do trabalho em enfermeiros hospitalares no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Método Estudo descritivo e correlacional, realizado entre junho e novembro de 2021, com 164 enfermeiros de dois hospitais de São Paulo com os instrumentos a Escala de Resiliência Connor-Davidson e o Inventário do Significado do trabalho. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial sendo adotados os seguintes testes: Teste de correlação de Pearson; Teste de Kruskal-Wallis; Teste t de Student; Teste de Dunn; Teste de correlação de Spearman; Análise de Variância Univariada; Teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk; Teste de Levene. O valor de significância estatística adotado foi de 5% (p ≤ 0,05). Resultados Média de idade 37,54 anos (DP = 8,52), sendo 81,1% (133) do sexo feminino, média da resiliência 76,98 (DP=11,32). Correlações significativas positivas foram encontradas entre: escolaridade, idade e a resiliência com os atributos "Fonte de realização e independência econômica", "Expressão de respeito e de acolhimento", "Fonte de desafio, responsabilidade e sustento", "Desafiar-se", "Crescer economicamente", "Sentir prazer e proteção", "Contribuir socialmente e ser assistido" e "Ser reconhecido"; Conclusão Houve correlação da resiliência com o significado do trabalho, colaborando com o enfrentamento das adversidades encontradas na pandemia de COVID-19.

Resumen Objetivo Verificar y correlacionar la resiliencia y el significado del trabajo de enfermeros hospitalarios en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19. Método Estudio descriptivo y correlacional, realizado entre junio y noviembre de 2021, con 164 enfermeros de dos hospitales de São Paulo, con dos instrumentos: la Escala de Resiliencia Connor-Davidson y el Inventario del Significado del Trabajo. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de la estadística descriptiva e inferencial y se adoptaron las siguientes pruebas: Prueba de correlación de Pearson, Prueba de Kruskal-Wallis, Test-T de Student, Prueba de Dunn, Prueba de correlación de Spearman, Análisis de Varianza Univariada, Prueba de normalidad de Shapiro-Wilk y Prueba de Levene. El valor de significación estadística adoptado fue del 5 % (p ≤ 0,05). Resultados Promedio de edad 37,54 años (DP = 8,52), el 81,1 % (133) de sexo femenino, promedio de resiliencia 76,98 (DP = 11,32). Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre: escolaridad, edad y resiliencia con los atributos "fuente de realización e independencia económica", "expresión de respeto y de acogida", "fuente de desafío, responsabilidad y sustento", "desafiarse", "crecer económicamente", "sentir placer y protección", "contribuir socialmente y ser asistido" y "ser reconocido". Conclusión Hubo correlación de la resiliencia con el significado del trabajo, lo que ayudó a enfrentar las adversidades encontradas en la pandemia de COVID-19.

Abstract Objective To verify and correlate resilience and meaning of work in hospital nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method This is a descriptive and correlational study, carried out between June and November 2021, with 164 nurses from two hospitals in São Paulo using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the Inventário do Significado do Trabalho (Meaning of Work Inventory). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, Pearson's correlation test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Student's t test, Dunn's test, Spearman's correlation test, Univariate Analysis of Variance, Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene's test. The statistical significance value adopted was 5% (p ≤ 0.05). Results Mean age 37.54 years (SD = 8.52), with 81.1% (133) female and mean resilience of 76.98 (SD = 11.32). Significant positive correlations were found between education, age and resilience with the attributes "Source of achievement and economic independence", "Expression of respect and acceptance", "Source of challenge, responsibility and livelihood", "Challenging", "Economic growth", "Feeling pleasure and protection", "Contributing socially and be assisted" and "Being recognized"; Conclusion There was a correlation between resilience and the meaning of work, helping to face the adversities encountered in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Pan American climate resilient health systems: a training course for health professionals / Sistemas de salud panamericanos resilientes frente al clima: curso de capacitación para profesionales de la salud / Sistemas de saúde pan-americanos resilientes ao clima: curso de capacitação para profissionais de saúde

ABSTRACT Objectives. To describe the development, implementation, and results of a training course designed to equip health professionals from the Pan American Health Organization region with the knowledge and tools needed to adapt health systems to current climate realities. Methods. The Pan American climate resilient health systems course was a 9-week live-virtual course in March-April 2023, which was delivered through Zoom and offered in English, Spanish, and French. All lectures were delivered by local and regional climate and health experts. The curricular foundation of this initiative was the Global Consortium on Climate and Health Education core competencies for health professionals. Participants completed pre- and post-course surveys. Results. A total of 1212 participants attended at least one of the nine sessions and 489 (from 66 countries) attended at least six sessions. Of these, 291 participants completed both the pre- and post-course surveys which were used in the analysis. Longitudinal survey results suggested an improvement in participants' climate and health communication, an increased frequency of incorporating climate knowledge in professional practice, and improved confidence in engaging in climate initiatives. At the same time, many participants expressed a need for additional training. Conclusions. The results indicate that live-virtual courses have the potential to empower health professionals to contribute to climate resilience efforts by: increasing their communication skills; changing their professional practice; increasing their ability to lead climate and health activities; and preparing them to assess vulnerability and adaptation in health systems, measure and monitor environmental sustainability, and apply a health equity lens.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Describir la elaboración, la puesta en práctica y los resultados de un curso de capacitación diseñado para dotar a los profesionales de salud de la Región de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud de los conocimientos y las herramientas necesarios para adaptar los sistemas de salud a las realidades climáticas actuales. Métodos. El Curso Panamericano de Resiliencia al Clima para Sistemas de Salud fue un curso virtual impartido a lo largo de nueve semanas, en marzo y abril del 2023. Se dictó en directo por medio de Zoom y se ofreció en español, francés e inglés. Todas las ponencias corrieron a cargo de expertos locales y regionales en clima y salud. El temario de esta iniciativa se basó en las competencias básicas para profesionales de la salud del Consorcio Global sobre Educación en Clima y Salud. Los participantes respondieron a cuestionarios antes y después del curso. Resultados. Hubo un total de 1212 participantes que asistieron al menos a una de las nueve sesiones y 489 (de 66 países) que asistieron a un mínimo de seis. De ellos, 291 respondieron a los cuestionarios previos y posteriores al curso que se usaron para el análisis. Los resultados longitudinales del cuestionario indicaron una mejora en la comunicación de los participantes sobre el clima y la salud, una mayor frecuencia de incorporación de los conocimientos sobre el clima en la práctica profesional y una mayor confianza a la hora de participar en iniciativas relacionadas con el clima. Asimismo, muchos participantes expresaron la necesidad de una mayor capacitación. Conclusiones. Los resultados indican que los cursos virtuales en directo brindan la posibilidad de facultar a los profesionales de la salud para que contribuyan a los esfuerzos de resiliencia frente al clima mediante: la mejora de sus competencias en materia de comunicación; la introducción de cambios en el ejercicio de su profesión; la mejora de su capacidad para dirigir actividades relacionadas con el clima y la salud; y la preparación para evaluar la vulnerabilidad y la adaptación de los sistemas de salud, medir y dar seguimiento a la sostenibilidad medioambiental y aplicar una perspectiva de equidad en la salud.

RESUMO Objetivos. Descrever a elaboração, a implementação e os resultados de um curso de capacitação para fornecer aos profissionais de saúde na região da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde os conhecimentos e as ferramentas necessários para adaptar os sistemas de saúde às realidades atuais do clima. Métodos. O curso sobre sistemas de saúde pan-americanos resilientes ao clima, com nove semanas de duração, foi oferecido em formato on-line ao vivo (via Zoom). O curso foi realizado em inglês, espanhol e francês entre março e abril de 2023. As aulas foram ministradas por especialistas locais e regionais em clima e saúde. As competências básicas para profissionais de saúde do Consórcio Global de Educação em Clima e Saúde serviram de base curricular para esta iniciativa. Os participantes preencheram uma pré-avaliação e uma pós-avaliação do curso. Resultados. Das pessoas que participaram do curso, 1212 assistiram a pelo menos uma das nove aulas, e 489 (em 66 países) assistiram a pelo menos seis aulas. Dessas, 291 fizeram a pré-avaliação e a pós-avaliação do curso, e os dados coletados foram usados na análise. Os resultados da pesquisa longitudinal indicam uma melhoria por parte dos participantes na comunicação sobre clima e saúde, maior frequência de incorporação dos conhecimentos sobre o clima na prática profissional e maior segurança dos profissionais para participar em iniciativas sobre clima. Muitos participantes também informaram que precisavam de mais capacitação. Conclusões. Os resultados desta análise indicam que cursos on-line ao vivo podem ajudar a empoderar os profissionais de saúde para que possam contribuir para os esforços de resiliência ao clima de diversas formas: melhorando suas habilidades de comunicação; transformando sua prática profissional; melhorando sua habilidade de conduzir atividades relacionadas ao clima e à saúde; e preparando-os para avaliar a vulnerabilidade e a adaptação dos sistemas de saúde, aferir e monitorar a sustentabilidade ambiental e utilizar uma perspectiva de equidade em saúde.

Estudo da população com Transtorno do Espectro Autista atendida em clínica suplementar de Belo Horizonte no ano de 2023 / Study of the population with Autism Spectrum Disorder treated at a supplementary clinic in Belo Horizonte in 2023

O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) tem seus critérios diagnósticos atuais baseados no Manual de Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM 5). Sendo um transtorno global do neurodesenvolvimento, da reciprocidade social e da comunicação, com comportamentos repetitivos, interesses restritos e inflexibilidade comportamental. O diagnóstico do TEA vem aumentando em todo o mundo trazendo uma nova realidade para a família, modificando a sua dinâmica emocional, social e financeira. Esse estudo teve por objetivo delinear um perfil e demonstrar as principais dificuldades e repercussões do cuidado da pessoa com diagnóstico de Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) e suas famílias. Tratou-se de um estudo realizado através da coleta de dados nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2023 em quatro clínicas multidisciplinares de tratamento do TEA da saúde suplementar. Foram coletados dados quantitativos e qualitativos de 208 famílias, sendo os quantitativos apresentados percentuais em tabelas contendo: idade atual do paciente, idade no início das terapias e idade dos cuidadores; raça dos pacientes, sexo do paciente e dos cuidadores, idade dos pais na concepção, escolaridade dos cuidadores, tipo de parto, renda familiar, formação escolar do cuidador, presença ou não de fé declarada e estado civil do cuidador (os últimos dois considerados enquanto fatores de resiliência familiar). Os dados qualitativos foram trabalhados através da análise de conteúdo de Bardin, ilustrando e auxiliando no melhor entendimento das demandas familiares e suas dinâmicas. Os resultados encontrados concordam, em parte, com o perfil da população TEA relatada em literatura, mas com particularidades como, por exemplo, em referência a idade dos pais na concepção da criança TEA e a quantidade de diagnósticos no sexo feminino. Conseguiu-se, também, identificar fatores de resiliência familiar, como uma estrutura da dinâmica familiar e a presença de uma religião / fé. A partir da hipótese que a presença de um membro com TEA traz impacto em toda família, a autora espera, assim, contribuir na construção de políticas públicas e instituições de apoio ao TEA, norteando condutas mais assertivas frente ao atendimento às necessidades desta população; minimizando os impactos da violência sofrida através da exclusão, suas dificuldades econômicas e sociais.

The current diagnostic criteria of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5). Being a global disorder of neurodevelopment, social reciprocity and communication, with repetitive behaviors, restricted interests and behavioral inflexibility. The diagnosis of ASD has been increasing throughout the world, bringing a new reality to families, changing their emotional, social and financial dynamics. This study aimed to outline a profile and demonstrate the main difficulties and repercussions of caring for people diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and their families. This was a study carried out through data collection in the months of September and October 2023 in four multidisciplinary ASD treatment clinics in supplementary health. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 208 families, with the quantitative data presented in percentages in tables containing: current age of the patient, age at the beginning of therapies and age of caregivers; race of patients, sex of patient and caregivers, age of parents at conception, education of caregivers, type of birth, family income, educational background of the caregiver, presence or absence of declared faith and marital status of the caregiver (the last two considered as family resilience factors). The qualitative data were worked through Bardin's content analysis, illustrating and helping to better understand family demands and their dynamics. The results found agree, in part, with the profile of the ASD population reported in the literature, but with particularities such as, for example, in reference to the age of the parents at the conception of the ASD child and the number of diagnoses in females. It was also possible to identify factors of family resilience, such as the structure of family dynamics and the presence of a religion/faith. Based on the hypothesis that the presence of a member with ASD has an impact on the entire family, the author hopes to contribute to the construction of public policies and institutions to support ASD, guiding more assertive behaviors in meeting the needs of this population; minimizing the impacts of violence suffered through exclusion, economic and social difficulties.