Training healthcare professionals in assessment of health needs in older adults living at home: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Interprofessional assessment and management of health needs for older adults living at home can help prioritize community service resources and enhance health, yet there is a shortage of professionals with the necessary competencies. Therefore, support and training for healthcare professionals in community settings to assess older adults' health with the aim of for health promotion are needed. AIM: To identify and provide an overview of published papers describing approaches for training healthcare professionals in assessing physical, mental, and social health needs in older adults living at home. METHOD: A systematic literature search of the Cinahl, Medline, Academic Search Ultimate, Scopus, Embase, and British Nursing Index databases was performed. We considered studies focusing on the training of healthcare professionals in assessing a single or multiple health needs of older adults aged 65 and above living at home. We considered studies published between 1990 - and March 2024. The review evaluated qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies published in English-language peer-reviewed academic journals. A quality appraisal was conducted via the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). RESULTS: Twenty-three studies focused on training healthcare professionals to assess health needs and plan care for older adults living at home were included. The majority of the included studies combined teacher-driven pedagogical approaches consisting of educational sessions, written materials or e-learning, and more participant-engaging pedagogical approaches such as knowledge exchange or various forms of interactive learning. Healthcare professionals were trained to detect and manage single and multiple health needs, and some studies additionally incorporated interprofessional collaboration. Healthcare professionals were satisfied with the training content and it increased their confidence and competencies in health needs assessment and care planning for older adults. Moreover, some studies have reported that training interventions foster the implementation of new and effective ways of working and lead to positive outcomes for older adults. CONCLUSION: Healthcare professionals were satisfied with a combination of participant-engaging and teacher-driven pedagogical approaches used to train them in assessing health needs and planning care for older adults living at home. Such training can lead to enhanced assessment skills and facilitate improvements in practice and health promotion for older adults. Future research is recommended on interprofessional simulation training for conducting structured and comprehensive health needs assessments of older adults living at home, as well as on the implementation of such assessments and health-promoting interventions.

A systematic scoping review of carer accommodation in eating disorders.

BACKGROUND: The accommodation of eating disorder (ED) behaviours by carers is one of the maintaining processes described in the cognitive interpersonal model of anorexia nervosa. This systematic scoping review aimed to explore studies examining accommodating and enabling behaviour, including how it impacts upon the carer's own mental health and the outcome of illness in their loved ones. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this systematic scoping review, five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL) were searched for studies measuring accommodating and enabling behaviour in carers of people with EDs. A total of 36 studies were included, of which 10 were randomised trials, 13 were longitudinal studies, nine were cross-sectional studies and four were qualitative studies. Carers of people with EDs were found to have high level of accommodating and enabling behaviour which reduced following treatment, although no single type of intervention was found to be superior to others. Higher accommodation in carers was associated with higher level of emotional distress, anxiety and fear. There was mixed evidence around whether accommodating and enabling behaviour in carers impacted the outcome of illness in their loved ones. CONCLUSION: Accommodating and enabling behaviours are frequently seen in carers of people with AN, and carer-focused interventions are able to reduce these behaviours, although it is unclear if any intervention shows superiority. There may be nuances in the impact of these behaviours related to interactions within the support network and variations in the forms of co-morbidity in patients. More studies with a larger sample size and which include both mothers and fathers are required.

Eating disorders are complex mental health conditions which also significantly affect the physical health of patients and the carers who support these patients. In this systematic scoping review, the authors have examined the impact of eating disorders on carer's emotional reactions and behaviour towards the eating disorder symptoms, namely accommodating and enabling behaviour towards the illness. For this review the authors searched for published studies that examined accommodating behaviour in carers of people with any type of eating disorder, which includes studies such as randomized trials, longitudinal studies, cross-sectional studies and qualitative studies. Higher levels of accommodation in carers was associated with higher levels of their emotional distress, anxiety and fear. Accommodating and enabling behaviours reduced with treatment although no single type of intervention was more effective in this regard than others. There was mixed evidence for the impact of accommodating and enabling behaviour in carers on the outcome of eating disorders in the patients.

Current Evidence of the Application of Music in Tai Chi Exercise: Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Music has frequently been used in movement exercises to enhance health benefits. However, scientific evidence regarding the application of music to Tai Chi practice is limited. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to understand how music has been used in Tai Chi practice and whether music could be applied to Tai Chi practice to help optimize its benefits. METHODS: PubMed, CINAHL, CNKI, and Weipu databases were searched. We included studies that compare Tai Chi practice experience or health outcomes between individuals practicing Tai Chi with music and those practicing Tai Chi without music. Studies published through September 2022 were identified. Two researchers (YD and YH) independently performed study selection and data extraction. Thematic analysis was used to summarize and categorize the findings of the included studies. RESULTS: Seven studies were included in this review. All 7 included studies are experimental studies. Practicing Tai Chi with music might lead to positive perceptions of Tai Chi practice (eg, motivation, concentration, enjoyment, compliance, and performance) and higher evaluations of Tai Chi instructional quality, especially for Tai Chi beginners. The effects of incorporating music into Tai Chi practice on health outcomes are inconclusive due to the heterogeneities of the sample size, and the intervention components, lengths, and frequencies of the included studies. CONCLUSIONS: Applying music to Tai Chi practice may result in positive Tai Chi practice experience and adherence, particularly for beginners, which could help improve the dissemination and implementation of Tai Chi interventions for public health. However, whether applying music to Tai Chi practice leads to synergetic effects on health outcomes needs further investigation.

The role of convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulins in the COVID-19 pandemic, including implications for future preparedness.

Introduction: When Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) struck the world in December 2019, initiatives started to investigate the efficacy of convalescent plasma, a readily available source of passive antibodies, collected from recovered patients as a therapeutic option. This was based on historical observational data from previous virus outbreaks. Methods: A scoping review was conducted on the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulins for COVID-19 treatment. This review included the latest Cochrane systematic review update on 30-day mortality and safety. We also covered use in pediatric and immunocompromised patients, as well as the logistic challenges faced in donor recruitment and plasma collection in general. Challenges for low resource countries were specifically highlighted. Results: A major challenge is the high donation frequency required from first-time donors to ensure a safe product, which minimizes the risk of transfusion-transmitted infectious. This is particularly difficult in low- and middle- income countries due to inadequate infrastructure and insufficient blood product supplies. High-certainty evidence indicates that convalescent plasma does not reduce mortality or significantly improve clinical outcomes in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 infection. However, CCP may provide a viable treatment for patients unable to mount an endogenous immune response to SARS-CoV-2, based on mostly observational studies and subgroup data of published and ongoing randomized trials. Convalescent plasma has been shown to be safe in adults and children with COVID-19 infection. However, the efficacy in pediatric patients remains unclear. Discussion: Data on efficacy and safety of CCP are still underway in ongoing (randomized) studies and by reporting the challenges, limitations and successes encountered to-date, research gaps were identified to be addressed for the future. Conclusion: This experience serves as a valuable example for future pandemic preparedness, particularly when therapeutic options are limited, and vaccines are either being developed or ineffective due to underlying immunosuppression.

Social cognition interventions for patients with first-episode psychosis: A scoping review.

This scoping review seeks to identify existing evidence of social cognition interventions for patients with first-episode psychosis. This review followed the five steps of Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework. Studies published between October 2002 and June 2023 were examined in the following six databases: PsycArticles, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, and Scopus. We also searched grey literature and references of included studies. Studies reporting on social cognition interventions for adults with first-episode psychosis were included. Review findings were synthesised employing the PAGER framework. The PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guideline was followed to prepare and report this manuscript. Twelve articles were included in this review. Most of the social cognition interventions were provided in out-patient clinics. Four studies provided board-based social cognition interventions, while the remaining eight studies introduced interventions to targeted domains of social cognition. All studies reported an improvement in patients' social functioning and social skills after receiving the intervention. Barriers and facilitators for patients with first-episode psychosis in receiving social cognition intervention were also summarised. Future studies could be conducted to explore the long-term effects of social cognition interventions, particularly for in-patient setting and the domain of social perception.

Mapping the evaluation of the electronic health system PEC e-SUS APS in Brazil: a scoping review protocol.

BACKGROUND: The Brazilian Ministry of Health has developed and provided the Citizen's Electronic Health Record (PEC e-SUS APS), a health information system freely available for utilization by all municipalities. Given the substantial financial investment being made to enhance the quality of health services in the country, it is crucial to understand how users evaluate this product. Consequently, this scoping review aims to map studies that have evaluated the PEC e-SUS APS. METHODS: This scoping review is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) framework, as well as by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Checklist extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The research question was framed based on the "CoCoPop" mnemonic (Condition, Context, Population). The final question posed is, "How has the Citizen's Electronic Health Record (PEC e-SUS APS) been evaluated?" The search strategy will be executed across various databases (LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Digital Library), along with gray literature from ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global and Google Scholar, with assistance from a professional healthcare librarian skilled in supporting systematic reviews. The database search will encompass the period from 2013 to 2024. Articles included will be selected by three independent reviewers in two stages, and the findings will undergo a descriptive analysis and synthesis following a "narrative review" approach. Independent reviewers will chart the data as outlined in the literature. DISCUSSION: The implementation process for the PEC e-SUS APS can be influenced by the varying characteristics of the over 5500 Brazilian municipalities. These factors and other challenges encountered by health professionals and managers may prove pivotal for a municipality's adoption of the PEC e-SUS APS system. With the literature mapping to be obtained from this review, vital insights into how users have evaluated the PEC will be obtained. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: The protocol has been registered prospectively at the Open Science Framework platform under the number 10.17605/OSF.IO/NPKRU.

Clinicians' perspectives of immersive tools in clinical mental health settings: a systematic scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Virtual Reality in mental health treatment has potential to address a wide spectrum of psychological and neurocognitive disorders. Despite the proven benefits, integration into clinical practice faces significant challenges. There is a critical need for research into clinicians' perceptions of virtual reality due to the gap between rapid technological advancements and their adoption in mental health services. METHOD: A scoping review was conducted to comprehensively understand clinicians' perspectives on the application of immersive virtual reality technologies within mental health settings. 4 data bases were searched, from inception, with the search areas of clinicians', technology, perspectives and mental health. The scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR checklist. All results were thematically analysed to identify and categorise themes with a focus on qualitative analyses of clinicians' experiences and perceptions of VR applications in therapeutic contexts. RESULTS: 17 articles were selected, encompassing a range of mental health settings. The findings indicate that the integration of VR in clinical environments is heavily influenced by clinicians' knowledge and experience, with unfamiliarity often leading to scepticism. Positive attitudes towards VR, bolstered by direct experience and training, were found to drive acceptance, as clinicians' acknowledged its potential to complement traditional therapies. However, there are still gaps in understanding VR's therapeutic applications, particularly concerning its impact on human interaction and its suitability for specific patient groups. Balancing VR's clinical benefits with ethical and safety concerns is crucial, especially when working with vulnerable populations. Furthermore, structural and administrative support is essential to overcoming the financial and logistical challenges of VR implementation, ensuring its safe and effective integration into mental health care. CONCLUSION: While VR holds significant potential for enhancing mental health care, its successful integration into clinical practice necessitates addressing existing gaps in knowledge, training, and structural support. By carefully balancing its clinical benefits with ethical, practical, and safety considerations, VR can be effectively utilised as a valuable tool in mental health treatment, providing innovative solutions while ensuring that patient care remains paramount.

Prevention and Management of Malnutrition in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is linked to altered nutritional status due to increased catabolism, leading to muscle mass loss. This study aims to identify and map available evidence regarding multidisciplinary interventions focused on prevention, diagnosis and nutrition education, as well as the role of diet, to prevent and manage malnutrition in patients with COPD. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted using the Cochrane, PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. This study adhered to the Arksey and O'Malley framework and JBI methodology. RESULTS: Of the 1761 records identified, 15 were included. Evidence suggests that the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool and Mini Nutritional Assessment are the most suitable screening scale. Guidelines have highlighted that personalized nutritional counseling is a very common intervention as it allows for a consideration of all physical, psychological, and social aspects of the patient. CONCLUSIONS: The role of healthcare professionals is crucial in the early identification of nutrition-related issues and in educating patients about the prevention and management of malnutrition, both in hospital and community settings. Key aspects include early malnutrition detection, personalized counseling and patient education, and a multidisciplinary approach. These findings provide a foundation for developing of targeted patient educational initiatives to improve the nutritional management of COPD patients.

Critical Appraisal of Clinical Trials Evaluating Physical Therapy Treatments for Temporomandibular Disorders: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Physical therapy seems the most promising treatment for temporomandibular disorders (TMD), although their effectiveness is controversial in general, due to high heterogeneity regarding study designs, applied treatments and outcomes measures. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this scoping review is to analyse the methodological characteristics of clinical trials evaluating physical therapy treatments in subjects with TMD. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in Medline/PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Cochrane, ScienceDirect and EMBASE databases on 31 October 2023. Clinical trials evaluating physical therapy interventions in patients older than 18 years with TMD, published in English or Spanish languages. Data regarding content reporting of study designs, sample characteristics, interventions and outcome measures was extracted. Descriptive summary statistics were reported. RESULTS: The search retrieved 15 322 records, and 136 were included. There were 107 randomised clinical trials, 5 non-randomised controlled trials and 24 non-controlled trials. Most studies had moderate to high risk of bias, small sample sizes (median, 44 subjects) and short follow-up periods (1-3 months). The most common diagnostic criteria used was the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) (48.9%). The most reported experimental interventions were manual therapy (40.4%), exercise (30.2%) and electrotherapy modalities (27.2%), and the most common outcome measure domains were pain (83.8%), range of movement (61.8%), disability (45.6%) and mechanosensitivity (29.4%). There was poor content reporting of experimental interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Current literature of clinical trials of physical therapy interventions for TMD has moderate to high risk of bias, poor content reporting, small sample size and short-term follow-ups which limit internal and external validity, as well as applicability into clinical practice.

Nursing interventions for pediatric patients with cancer and their families: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Clinical nursing care is an essential element in pediatric oncology. The body of research interventions targeting pediatric oncology patients and their families has grown in recent years. However, no reviews are currently available on nursing interventions for pediatric oncology. AIM: The aim was to develop a comprehensive overview of the available nursing interventions for pediatric oncology patients and their families, outline the characteristics of the interventions, and identify any knowledge gaps. METHODS: This review was conducted in accordance with the JBI guidelines for scoping reviews. Citations were retrieved from the following databases: Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Embase. The following inclusion criteria were applied: peer-reviewed studies written in English, Danish, Norwegian, or Swedish from 2000 onward and reporting on pediatric patients with cancer and/or family members of a pediatric patient with cancer who received non-pharmacological and non-procedural nursing interventions provided by a pediatric oncology hospital service. Eligible studies were screened by title and abstract, and in full text by two independent reviewers. Critical appraisal was achieved using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. FINDINGS: Among 2762 references, 26 studies met the inclusions criteria, comprising 25 unique nursing interventions. 89 % had been published from 2013 onward, reflecting the rapid changes occurring in pediatric oncology treatment. 36 % were qualitative, 58 % were quantitative and 8 % employed mixed methods. The studies were characterized by considerable diversity in terms of intervention content, components, timing of delivery, and delivery mode. 60 % of the interventions were targeted parents among whom mothers were highly overrepresented (75 %). 16 % adopted a family-centered focus. CONCLUSION: This review contributes to building a more comprehensive understanding of the evidence base within pediatric oncology nursing research. This field is evolving and holds the potential to support families with childhood cancer across various phases of their treatment trajectory. However, a clear need exists to develop and test interventions with a genuinely family-centered focus, targeting both patients and family members. A considerable gap exists in reporting of the intervention development process and intervention characteristics. Improving the reporting of intervention development is needed to enhance research quality and facilitate subsequent adaptation or upscaling of interventions for use in other populations and contexts. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Nursing interventions can support families with childhood cancer but future intervention studies need to enhance transparency in reporting @IJNSjournal.

Machine Translation Technology in Health: A Scoping Review.

Machine Translation (MT) has emerged as a crucial tool in bridging language barriers. In health settings, MT is increasingly relevant due to the diversity of patient populations, the dominance of English in medical research, and the limited availability of human translation services. Improvements in MT accuracy have prompted a re-evaluation of its suitability in contexts where it was once deemed impractical. This scoping review with meta-analysis delved into the appropriateness and limitations of MT in health, including in medical education, literature translation, and patient-provider communication. A keyword search in PubMed, PubMed Central, and IEEE Xplore produced peer-reviewed literature that focused on MT in a health context, published from 2018 to 2023. Analysis and mapping of full-text articles revealed 33 studies among 2,589 returned abstracts, indicating that MT is still unsuitable for direct use in patient interactions, due to clinical risks linked to insufficient accuracy. However, MT was showing promise further away from patients, for translation of medical articles, terminology, and educational content. Further research in improving MT performance in these contexts, coverage of under-studied languages, and study of the existing usages of MT are recommended.

The Value of Social Media Analysis for Adverse Events Detection and Pharmacovigilance: Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Adverse drug events pose an enormous public health burden, leading to hospitalization, disability, and death. Even the adverse events (AEs) categorized as nonserious can severely impact on patient's quality of life, adherence, and persistence. Monitoring medication safety is challenging. Web-based patient reports on social media may be a useful supplementary source of real-world data. Despite the growth of sophisticated techniques for identifying AEs using social media data, a consensus has not been reached as to the value of social media in relation to more traditional data sources. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate and characterize the utility of social media analysis in adverse drug event detection and pharmacovigilance as compared with other data sources (such as spontaneous reporting systems and the clinical literature). METHODS: In this scoping review, we searched 11 bibliographical databases and Google Scholar, followed by handsearching and forward and backward citation searching. Each record was screened by 2 independent reviewers at both the title and abstract stage and the full-text screening stage. Studies were included if they used any type of social media (such as Twitter or patient forums) to detect AEs associated with any drug medication and compared the results ascertained from social media to any other data source. Study information was collated using a piloted data extraction sheet. Data were extracted on the AEs and drugs searched for and included; the methods used (such as machine learning); social media data source; volume of data analyzed; limitations of the methodology; availability of data and code; comparison data source and comparison methods; results, including the volume of AEs, and how the AEs found compared with other data sources in their seriousness, frequencies, and expectedness or novelty (new vs known knowledge); and conclusions. RESULTS: Of the 6538 unique records screened, 73 publications representing 60 studies with a wide variety of extraction methods met our inclusion criteria. The most common social media platforms used were Twitter and online health forums. The most common comparator data source was spontaneous reporting systems, although other comparisons were also made, such as with scientific literature and product labels. Although similar patterns of AE reporting tended to be identified, the frequencies were lower in social media. Social media data were found to be useful in identifying new or unexpected AEs and in identifying AEs in a timelier manner. CONCLUSIONS: There is a large body of research comparing AEs from social media to other sources. Most studies advocate the use of social media as an adjunct to traditional data sources. Some studies also indicate the value of social media in understanding patient perspectives such as the impact of AEs, which could be better explored. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/47068.

Characteristics of nursing educators' professional competency standards: A scoping review.

AIM: To map the characteristics of nursing educators' competency standards for practice from the existing literature, examine the evidence and identify commonalities and differences. BACKGROUND: Many countries or regions have produced nursing educator standards, however, there is no common set of standards or competencies used globally. Mapping these nursing educator standards should identify a common set of standards that can be applied across any nursing educator practice setting. DESIGN: The review was conducted using the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and followed an a priori protocol. METHODS: A comprehensive search of studies or guidelines (2001-2022) was undertaken to identify specific nursing educator competencies from any practice setting and in any language. Preceptorship and mentorship studies were excluded from the search terms. Databases searched for relevant records and guidelines were CINAHL, ERIC, Medline (Ovid), Pubmed, Scopus, Google and targeted websites. After screening and selection, relevant data were extracted and summarized using an extraction guide. Characteristics of the reports were identified and all three levels of competency statements were mapped against commonly occurring categories derived from the data. RESULTS: 1145 evidence records were screened after removal of duplicates with 14 records included in the review. The included evidence sources were from various nursing educator practice settings and educator roles. All evidence sources had at least two levels of competency statements and 16 competency categories were identified. Common categories in the first two competency levels were: leadership and management; research and scholarship; professional values and professional development; and facilitating learning. Statements related to learner evaluation were also common in the level 2 competencies. Level 3 competencies were included in seven evidence sources and most of the sources included almost all categories. Low-occurring statements at all levels were in the 'Nursing skills' and 'Decision-making/strategic planning" categories. CONCLUSIONS: Common characteristics and categories were found between different evidence sources in this review. The most common competency review categories included leadership and management, professional development and facilitating learning. Few decision-making competencies were identified from the evidence sources. These results can inform educators and managers in developing globally-based nursing educator competencies, performance management tools and job descriptions.

Genomic selection for crop improvement in fruits and vegetables: a systematic scoping review.

To ensure the nutritional needs of an expanding global population, it is crucial to optimize the growing capabilities and breeding values of fruit and vegetable crops. While genomic selection, initially implemented in animal breeding, holds tremendous potential, its utilization in fruit and vegetable crops remains underexplored. In this systematic review, we reviewed 63 articles covering genomic selection and its applications across 25 different types of fruit and vegetable crops over the last decade. The traits examined were directly related to the edible parts of the crops and carried significant economic importance. Comparative analysis with WHO/FAO data identified potential economic drivers underlying the study focus of some crops and highlighted crops with potential for further genomic selection research and application. Factors affecting genomic selection accuracy in fruit and vegetable studies are discussed and suggestions made to assist in their implementation into plant breeding schemes. Genetic gain in fruits and vegetables can be improved by utilizing genomic selection to improve selection intensity, accuracy, and integration of genetic variation. However, the reduction of breeding cycle times may not be beneficial in crops with shorter life cycles such as leafy greens as compared to fruit trees. There is an urgent need to integrate genomic selection methods into ongoing breeding programs and assess the actual genomic estimated breeding values of progeny resulting from these breeding programs against the prediction models. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-024-01497-2.

The efficacy of personalized psychological interventions in adolescents: a scoping review and meta-analysis.

This review compared the efficacy of personalized psychological interventions to standardized interventions for adolescents. We conducted a scoping review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared personalized interventions with standardized interventions in adolescents. Data was analyzed using Bayesian multilevel random effects meta-analysis. Eligible studies were identified through five databases: Scopus, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Moderation analysis was conducted to explain potential sources of effect size heterogeneity. Eight studies across 13 articles (participant N = 2,490) met inclusion criteria for the review with seven studies across 10 articles (N = 1,347) providing sufficient data for inclusion in the meta-analysis. A small but significant effect size favoring personalized interventions was found (d = 0.21, 95% CrI [0.02, 0.39]), indicating that personalized interventions are associated with superior treatment outcomes compared to standardized interventions. Moderate between-study heterogeneity was found (I2 = 53.3%). There was no evidence of publication bias. The review also found significant variation in methods of treatment personalization. This review provides evidence that personalization of adolescent psychological interventions is an effective way to improve treatment outcomes. Given the large number of adolescents worldwide who will experience some sort of mental health problem, personalization could have a significantly large impact on global mental health outcomes. Systematic review registration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XRNCG.

Measures of Work-life Balance and Interventions of Reasonable Accommodations for the Return to Work of Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review.

Background: Nearly half of patients diagnosed with cancer are in the middle of their traditional working age. The return to work after cancer entails challenges because of the cancer or treatments and associated with the workplace. The study aimed at providing more insight into the occupational outcomes encountered by workers with cancer and to provide interventions, programs, and practices to support their return to work. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for scoping review guidelines. Relevant studies were systematically searched in PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Grey literature from 01 January 2000 to 22 February 2024. Results: The literature search generated 3,017 articles; 53 studies were considered eligible for this review. Most of the studies were longitudinal and conducted in Europe. Three macroarea were identified: studies on the impact of cancer on workers in terms of sick leave, employment, return to work, etc.; studies reporting wider issues that may affect workers, such as the compatibility of treatment and work and employment; studies reporting interventions or policies aiming to promote the return to work. Conclusion: There is a lack in the literature in defining multidisciplinary interventions combining physical, psycho-behavioural, educational, and vocational components that could increase the return-to-work rates. Future studies should focus on interdisciplinary return to work efforts with multiple stakeholders with the involvement of an interdisciplinary teamwork (healthcare workers and employers) to combine these multidisciplinary interventions at the beginning of sick leave period.

Barriers and Facilitators Related to Undertaking Physical Activities in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Scoping Review.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) and its treatments cause significant acute, chronic, or latent adverse effects, leading to decreased physical function and quality of life. Robust evidence supports the positive effects of physical activity (PA) on various health outcomes in CRC patients. However, there is limited understanding regarding the factors that influence PA engagement, including facilitators, preferences, and barriers in this population. Purpose: This scoping review aims to document the breadth and depth of literature concerning the various aspects of PA participation among patients with CRC. We conducted a scoping review of PA among CRC patients. Methods: We searched several databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane, from their inception to 25 July 2023. Multiple reviewers were involved in all screening and data abstractions. The search yielded 834 individual citations after removing duplicates. After screening the titles and abstracts, 20 articles underwent full-text review, and 11 were included. Results: Our research findings indicate that among CRC patients, the most prevalent facilitators/preferences for PA are understanding its importance and perceiving its benefits, whereas treatment-related effects and lack of time are the most common barriers. Conclusion: CRC patients have unique facilitators and barriers concerning PA. Further research and clinical interventions are required to support and encourage this population to participate in and maintain regular PA.

A scoping review of the impact of ageing on individual consumers' insurance purchase intentions.

Recently, the phenomenon of population ageing and its impact on the insurance industry has garnered increasing global attention. However, a notable gap in scholarly research persists in understanding the nuanced effects of ageing on consumer behaviour and insurance purchase intentions. This study maps the current academic evidence on how ageing influences individual consumers' insurance decisions. Using a scoping review methodology aligned with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for scoping reviews and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, 44 articles out of 1082 from four databases-Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Emerald Insight-are reviewed. The results reveal a rising interest in this research area, with China emerging as a significant contributor. The focus is predominantly on Theory of Planned Behavior, quantitative methods, questionnaire survey, regression analysis, older population, and general health insurance. Variables capturing the impact of ageing, beyond demographic information, include family-related, risk-related, and expectation-related factors. This study highlights the current state of research on ageing's effect on insurance purchase intentions and offers valuable insights and directions for future research.

Knee braces for knee osteoarthritis: A scoping review and narrative synthesis of interventions in randomised controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and synthesise the content of knee bracing interventions in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of knee osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN: In this scoping review, three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane) were searched up to 10th June 2024. Nineteen previous systematic reviews of knee bracing for knee OA and four recent international clinical practice guidelines were also hand searched. Identified studies were screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers. Information on bracing interventions was extracted from included RCT reports, informed by Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) guidelines. Data were synthesised narratively. RESULTS: Thirty-one RCTs testing 47 different bracing interventions were included. Braces were broadly grouped as valgus/varus, patellofemoral, sleeve, neutral hinged, or control/placebo knee braces. Brace manufacturer and models varied, as did amount of recommended brace use. Only three interventions specifically targeted brace adherence. Information on brace providers, setting, number of treatment sessions, and intervention modification over time was poorly reported. Adherence to brace use was described for 32 (68%) interventions, most commonly via self-report. Several mechanisms of action for knee braces were proposed, broadly grouped as biomechanical, neuromuscular, and psychological. CONCLUSIONS: Many different knee brace interventions have been tested for knee OA, with several proposed mechanisms of action, a lack of focus on adherence, and a lack of full reporting. These issues may be contributing to the heterogeneous findings and inconsistent guideline recommendations about the clinical effectiveness of knee bracing for knee OA to date.

Identifications of Similarity Metrics for Patients With Cancer: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the similarities of patients with cancer is essential to advancing personalized medicine, improving patient outcomes, and developing more effective and individualized treatments. It enables researchers to discover important patterns, biomarkers, and treatment strategies that can have a significant impact on cancer research and oncology. In addition, the identification of previously successfully treated patients supports oncologists in making treatment decisions for a new patient who is clinically or molecularly similar to the previous patient. OBJECTIVE: The planned review aims to systematically summarize, map, and describe existing evidence to understand how patient similarity is defined and used in cancer research and clinical care. METHODS: To systematically identify relevant studies and to ensure reproducibility and transparency of the review process, a comprehensive literature search will be conducted in several bibliographic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, LIVIVIVO, and MEDLINE, covering the period from 1998 to February 2024. After the initial duplicate deletion phase, a study selection phase will be applied using Rayyan, which consists of 3 distinct steps: title and abstract screening, disagreement resolution, and full-text screening. To ensure the integrity and quality of the selection process, each of these steps is preceded by a pilot testing phase. This methodological process will culminate in the presentation of the final research results in a structured form according to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) flowchart. The protocol has been registered in the Journal of Medical Internet Research. RESULTS: This protocol outlines the methodologies used in conducting the scoping review. A search of the specified electronic databases and after removing duplicates resulted in 1183 unique records. As of March 2024, the review process has moved to the full-text evaluation phase. At this stage, data extraction will be conducted using a pretested chart template. CONCLUSIONS: The scoping review protocol, centered on these main concepts, aims to systematically map the available evidence on patient similarity among patients with cancer. By defining the types of data sources, approaches, and methods used in the field, and aligning these with the research questions, the review will provide a foundation for future research and clinical application in personalized cancer care. This protocol will guide the literature search, data extraction, and synthesis of findings to achieve the review's objectives. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/58705.