ABSTRACT
Setting: Tuberculosis (TB) control requires the proper identification and treatment of affected patients and investigation of their contacts. In certain vulnerable immigrant groups, however, these tasks may be hindered due to their ethnic and sociocultural characteristics. Objective: To analyse the results of a community programme designed to locate hard-to-reach immigrants with TB. Design: Descriptive study of all cases diagnosed with confirmed TB referred to the Public and Community Health team of the Drassanes International Health Unit in Barcelona during 2012-2014 due to difficulties in tracing these patients. Both cases and contacts were categorised based on their World Health Organization region of origin. The sociodemographic characteristics of each group and the community interventions carried out during the tracing period are described. Results: A total of 122 cases and 316 contacts were detected. As a result of community-based strategies, 73% of the initial cases completed treatment; 3.8% of the contacts were diagnosed with TB, 91.7% of whom were treated appropriately; 17.1% contacts had latent infection, 79.3% of whom completed chemoprophylaxis. Conclusions: Intervention strategies with a community approach for follow-up and control of TB in certain immigrant communities seem to be effective.
Contexte : La lutte contre la tuberculose (TB) requiert l'identification et le traitement appropriés des patients affectés et l'examen de leurs contacts. Ces tâches peuvent néanmoins être entravées dans certains groupes vulnérables d'immigrants en raison de leurs spécificités ethniques et socioculturelles.Objectif : Analyser les résultats d'un programme communautaire conçu pour localiser les immigrants atteints de TB dont le suivi s'avère difficile.Schéma : Etude descriptive de tous les cas ayant un diagnostic de TB confirmé référés à l'équipe de santé publique et communautaire dans l'unité de santé internationale Drassanes de Barcelone en 20122014 en raison des difficultés à les localiser. A la fois les cas et les contacts ont été classés en se basant sur leur région Organisation Mondiale de la Santé d'origine. Les caractéristiques sociodémographiques de chaque groupe et les interventions communautaires réalisées pendant leur recherche sont décrites.Résultats : Ont été détectés 122 cas et 316 contacts. Grâce aux stratégies communautaires, 73% des cas initiaux ont achevé leur traitement, 3,8% des contacts ont eu un diagnostic de TB, dont 91,7% ont été traités correctement ; 17,1% des contacts avaient une infection latente, dont 79,3% ont achevé la chimioprophylaxie.Conclusions: Les stratégies d'intervention par approche communautaire du suivi et de la lutte contre la TB dans certaines communautés d'immigrants semblent efficaces.
Marco de Referencia: El control de la tuberculosis (TB) requiere identificar y tratar adecuadamente a los pacientes afectados y realizar el seguimiento de sus contactos. Sin embargo, la realización de estas tareas puede ser complicada de llevar a cabo en ciertos colectivos de inmigrantes vulnerables debido a sus peculiaridades étnicas y socioculturales.Objetivo: Analizar los resultados de un programa comunitario diseñado para realizar el seguimiento de inmigrantes afectados de TB.Diseño: Estudio descriptivo de todos los casos con diagnóstico confirmado de TB remitidos al equipo de Salud Pública y Salud Comunitaria de la Unidad de Salud Internacional de Drassanes de Barcelona debido a las dificultades para realizar su seguimiento, durante el período 20122014. Se describen las características sociodemográficas tanto de los casos como de los contactos categorizados según su región de origen como intervenciones comunitarias llevadas a cabo durante su seguimiento.Resultados: Se detectaron 122 casos y 316 contactos. Como resultado de las estrategias comunitarias el 73% de los casos iniciales completaron el tratamiento. Un 3,8% de los contactos fueron diagnosticados de TB, de los cuales el 91,7% fueron tratados correctamente. El 17,1% de los contactos tenían una infección tuberculosa latente, de los cuales el 79,3% completaron la quimioprofilaxis.Conclusiones: Las estrategias de intervención comunitarias para el seguimiento y control de la TB en ciertos colectivos inmigrantes parecen ser efectivas.
ABSTRACT
Health care reform in Vermont promotes patient-centered medical homes (PCMH) and multi-disciplinary community health teams to support population health. This qualitative study describes the expansion of Vermont's health care reform efforts, initially focused on adult primary care, to pediatrics through interviews with project managers and facilitators, CHT members, pediatric practitioners and care coordinators, and community-based providers. Analyses used grounded theory, identifying themes confirmed by repeat occurrence across respondents. Respondents believed that PCMH recognition and financial and community supports would improve care for pediatric patients and families. Respondents shared three main challenges with health care reform efforts: achieving PCMH recognition, adapting community health teams for pediatric patients and families, and defining roles for care coordinators. For health care reform efforts to support pediatric patients and be family-centered, states may need additional resources to understand how pediatric and adult primary care differ and how best to support pediatrics during health care reform efforts.
Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care, Integrated , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Care Reform , Pediatrics , Child , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/organization & administration , Health Care Reform/organization & administration , Humans , Patient Care Team , Patient-Centered Care , Pediatrics/organization & administration , Pediatrics/standards , Qualitative Research , United StatesABSTRACT
Este artigo discute a inserção do Agente Comunitário de Saúde na Equipe de Saúde da Família, em Contagem/MG, na perspectiva da promoção à saúde. Caracteriza-se como um estudo qualitativo, descritivo - analítico. Os instrumentos da coleta de dados consistiram na observação de campo e na entrevista individual. Os resultados apontam o ACS com perfil compatível para realização de tarefas de promoção da saúde e mobilização comunitária. Ficou explícito que seu trabalho tem resultado na cooperação de distintos profissionais com perspectivas de complementaridade e interdependência das ações, contemplando as dimensões técnica e ética no reconhecimento e consideração do trabalho do outro.
This article discusses the insertion of Community Health Agents in the Family Health Teams in Contagem, State of Minas Gerais, from the point of view of health promotion. It is a qualitative, descriptive-analytical study. The data collecting tools were field observation and individual interviews. The results indicate that the community agent has a profile compatible with the tasks of health promotion and community mobilization. It became clear that the work of the health agent is effective when there is cooperation between different professionals complementing each other with interdependence, recognizing the technical and ethical dimension in recognizing and appreciating the work of others
El presente artículo enfoca la inserción del agente comunitario de salud en el equipo de salud de la familia, en Contagem/MG, desde la perspectiva de promoción de la salud. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo - analítico, cuya recopilación de datos se llevó a cabo con las siguientes herramientas: observación de campo y entrevista individual. Los resultados señalan que el perfil del ACS es compatible con la tarea que realiza de promover la salud y movilizar a la comunidad. Ha quedado explícito que su tarea da resultados positivos en la cooperación de distintos profesionales que buscan acciones complementarias e interdependientes, contemplando las dimensiones técnica y ética en lo referente a reconocimiento y consideración del trabajo del otro