ABSTRACT
This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2018. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2018 . Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901 .
Subject(s)
Critical Care/methods , Angiotensin II/pharmacokinetics , Angiotensin II/therapeutic use , Angiotensins/pharmacokinetics , Angiotensins/therapeutic use , Critical Care/trends , Humans , Hypotension/drug therapy , Hypotension/etiology , Shock, Septic/complications , Shock, Septic/drug therapy , Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacokinetics , Vasoconstrictor Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-(1-12) [Ang-(1-12)] functions as an endogenous substrate for the productions of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) by a non-renin dependent mechanism. This study evaluated whether Ang-(1-12) is incorporated by neonatal cardiac myocytes and the enzymatic pathways of ¹²5I-Ang-(1-12) metabolism in the cardiac myocyte medium from WKY and SHR rats. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The degradation of ¹²5I-Ang-(1-12) (1 nmol/L) in the cultured medium of these cardiac myocytes was evaluated in the presence and absence of inhibitors for angiotensin converting enzymes 1 and 2, neprilysin and chymase. In both strains uptake of ¹²5I-Ang-(1-12) by myocytes occurred in a time-dependent fashion. Uptake of intact Ang-(1-12) was significantly greater in cardiac myocytes of SHR as compared to WKY. In the absence of renin angiotensin system (RAS) enzymes inhibitors the hydrolysis of labeled Ang-(1-12) and the subsequent generation of smaller Ang peptides from Ang-(1-12) was significantly greater in SHR compared to WKY controls. ¹²5I-Ang-(1-12) degradation into smaller Ang peptides fragments was significantly inhibited (90% in WKY and 71% in SHR) in the presence of all RAS enzymes inhibitors. Further analysis of peptide fractions generated through the incubation of Ang-(1-12) in the myocyte medium demonstrated a predominant hydrolytic effect of angiotensin converting enzyme and neprilysin in WKY and an additional role for chymase in SHR. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These studies demonstrate that neonatal myocytes sequester angiotensin-(1-12) and revealed the enzymes involved in the conversion of the dodecapeptide substrate to biologically active angiotensin peptides.