Norma Técnica de Salud para la Gestión de la Historia Clínica (R.M. Nº 214-2018/MINSA y su modificatoria aprobada con R.M. Nº 265-2018/MINSA) / Technical Health Standard for the Management of Clinical History (R.M. Nº 214-2018/MINSA and its amendment approved with R.M. Nº 265-2018/MINSA)

La publicación normativa establece los procedimientos técnicos y administrativos para el manejo, conservación y eliminación de las Historias Clínicas, en las Instituciones Prestadoras de Servicios de Salud, así como, para el manejo estandarizado del contenido básico a ser registrado; en correspondencia con el conjunto de prestaciones que se ofertan y reciben los usuarios de salud, en el marco del modelo de atención integral de salud basado en familia y comunidad. Es así, que corresponde administrar correctamente el proceso y procedimientos que siguen las historias clínicas desde su apertura, usos, custodia, y eliminación, entre otros aspectos; de conformidad con la normativa vigente y actual contexto

Consideraciones normativas y legales del expediente clínico electrónico en odontología / Normative and legal considerations of the electronic clinical record in odontology

La elaboración del expediente clínico es una actividad rutinaria dentro del consultorio dental, éste es la materialización del acto médico, a tra- vés del cual se registra el estado de salud inicial del paciente, así como toda la información relativa al tratamiento recibido. Desde hace algunos años comenzó a promocionarse el expediente clínico electrónico como una herramienta alternativa y novedosa para elaborar este importante documento; sin embargo, la implementación de esta herramienta electrónica no ha podido lograrse en México, dada la gran cantidad de dudas que los odontólogos tienen respecto al conjunto de leyes y normas que regulan al expediente clínico, lo cual genera renuencia por parte de los odontólogos para utilizar esta modalidad de expediente dentro de su consulta diaria. El objetivo del presente artículo es realizar una revisión de la literatura, así como de las leyes y normas vigentes que regulan el expediente clínico en México para esclarecer así la viabilidad de implementarlo dentro del consultorio dental

The preparation of the electronic medical record is a routine activity in the dental office, this is the materialization of the medical act, through which the initial health status of the patient is recorded, as well as all the information related to the received treatment. A few years ago, the electronic clinical record began to be promoted as a novel alternative tool to prepare this important document, however, the implementation of this electronic tool has not been achieved in Mexico, given the large number of doubts that dentists have regarding the set of laws thar regulate the clinical record, which generates reluctance on the part of dentists to use this record modality within their daily consultation. The aim of this article is to carry out a review of the literature, as well as the current laws that regulate the clinical record in Mexico, in order to clarify the feasibility of implementing it within the dental office

Próteses dentárias em idosos com patologias sistêmicas: procedimentos clínicos, diagnóstico e prognóstico para confecção protética / Dental prostheses in the elderly with systemic pathologies: clinical procedures, diagnosis and prognosis for prosthetic fabrication

Doença sistêmica consta de doença que aflige o corpo humano em sua totalidade. Muitas doenças podem acometer os indivíduos advindo do envelhecimento. Sabe-se que existem condições sistêmicas que podem repercutir na saúde bucal. Determinadas mudanças nas estruturas orais podem advir da idade ou podem estar correlacionadas a doenças. O objetivo deste artigo foi evidenciar como proceder para elaborar próteses dentárias em indivíduos idosos com patologias sistêmicas. Patologias sistêmicas e os medicamentos que estão sendo administrados aos idosos influem em boca. A opção por determinado planejamento protético pode sofrer influência de patologias sistêmicas; dos medicamentos administrados e de deficiências motoras. Concluiu-se que a qualidade de vida dos idosos pode ser melhorada quando ocorrer a elaboração de um planejamento protético adequado que leve em consideração as características apresentadas pelo quadro sistêmico dos idosos.

Systemic disease consists of disease that afflicts the human body in its entirety. Many diseases can affect individuals as they age. It is known that there are systemic conditions that can affect oral health. Certain changes in oral structures may be due to age or may be correlated with disease. The objective of this article was to show how to proceed to prepare dental prostheses in elderly individuals with systemic pathologies. Systemic pathologies and the drugs that are being administered to the elderly influence the mouth. The option for a certain prosthetic planning may be influenced by systemic pathologies; of administered medications and motor impairments. It was concluded that the quality of life of the elderly can be improved when an adequate prosthetic planning is developed that takes into account the characteristics presented by the systemic picture of the elderly.

Norma técnica de salud para el uso del odontograma: NTS N° 188-MINSA/DGIESP-2022 / Technical health norm for the use of the odontogram: NTS N° 188-MINSA/DGIESP-2022

La publicación describe los criterios para el registro de datos de las características, anomalías patológicas de las piezas dentarias, así como el registro de procedimientos estomatológicos realizados para el uso y manejo del odontograma en las diferentes UPS, pudiendo ser utilizados en aspectos clínicos, legales, forenses, estadísticos, de investigación o docencia. Asimismo las pautas para estandarizar el gráfico y la nomenclatura básica para el registro de hallazgos clínicos en el odontograma, permitiendo a la comunidad de cirujanos dentistas manejar la misma información

Prevalence of Lip and Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Scc) at a Pathological Anatomy Service in Northeast Brazil / Prevalencia del Carcinoma de Celulas Escamosas en Labios y Lengua (SCC) en un Servicio de Anatomía Patológica en el Noreste Brasil

The aim of this work was to trace an epidemiological and clinical profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases diagnosed as lip and tongue SCC from June 2001 to 2018 at a pathology anatomy service located in Northeastern Brazil. Age, sex, duration, location, growth type, staining, metastasis, etiologic agents and lesion size data were obtained fr om patient clinical files and histopathological reports. A total of 124 cases were recorded, with tongue SCC being the most preval ent. The common characteristics of both assessed SCCs included higher frequency in men, mean age of 60 years old, evidence mostly of exophytic lesions and maximum size of 4 cm, predominantly diagnosed after a maximum of 1 year of appearance. Regarding divergent findings, lip SCC occurred mostly in the lower portion of the lip, presenting a predominantly leukoplastic color, with regular smoking habits and sunlight identified as the main etiological agents, and no strong relation to metastasis. On the other hand, tongue SCC mostly exhibiting predominantly erythroleukoplastic staining, with a greater relationship to alcohol - associated smoking and regular smoking habits. The highest percentage of patients with metastasis presented tongue SCC. Although lip and tongue SCC display a male preference, an increasing amount of female involvement has been noted over the years, due to the adoption of deleterious habits such as smoking and alcoholism. Tongue SCC presented a greater relationship with metastasis and clinical leukoeritroplastic evidence. This greater aggressiveness could be related to the unfavorable locat ion of these lesions in relation to lip SCC, sometimes making it difficult to identify in their early development stages.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue rastrear un perfil epidemiológico y clínico de los casos de carcinoma oral de células escamosas (CCE) diagnosticados como CCE de labios y lengua entre junio de 2001 y 2018 en un servicio de anatomía patológica ubicado en el Noreste de Brasil. Los datos de edad, sexo, duración, ubicación, tipo de crecimiento, tinción, metástasis, agentes etiológicos y tamaño de la lesión se obtuvieron de los archivos clínicos de los pacientes y los informes histopatológicos. Se revisaron un total de 124 casos, siendo el CCE de lengua el más prevalente. Las características comunes de ambos CCE evaluados incluyeron mayor frecuencia en hombres, edad promedio de 60 años, evidencia mayoritariamente de lesiones exofíticas y tamaño máximo de 4 cm, diagnosticado predominantemente después de un máximo de 1 año de aparición. En cuanto a los hallazgos divergentes, el CCE labial se presentó mayoritariamente en la porción inferior del labio, presentando un color predominantemente leucoplásico, con el hábito de fumar habitualmente y la luz solar identificados como los principales agentes etiológicos, sin una fuerte relación con las metástasis. Por otro lado, el CEC de la lengua presenta en su mayoría tinción predominantemente eritroleucoplásica, con una mayor relación con el tabaquismo asociado con el alcohol y con los hábitos habituales de tabaquismo. El mayor porcentaje de pacientes con metástasis presentó CCE de lengua. Aunque el CCE de labios y lengua muestra una preferencia en hombres, se ha observado una cantidad cada vez mayor prevalencia en mujeres a lo largo de los años, debido a la adopción de hábitos nocivos como el tabaquismo y el alcoholismo. El CCE de lengua presentó una mayor relación con la metástasis y la evidencia clínica leucoeritroplásica. Esta mayor agresividad podría estar relacionada con la ubicación desfavorable de estas lesiones en relación al CCE labial, dificultando en ocasiones su identificación en sus primeras etapas de desarrollo.

Estudio Retrospectivo de Fisuras Labio-Máxilo-Palatina en Chile, 12 Años de Seguimiento / Retrospective Study of Cleft Lip and Palate in Chile, 12-Year Follow Up

Describir el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes con FLMP no sindrómica de acuerdo a los factores que involucran a la madre. Estudio de tipo observacional, retrospectivo y analítico a partir de los datos de los casos de FLMP no sindrómicos. Se clasifico el tipo de FLMP y las variables que involucran a la madre. Fueron evaluadas 236 fichas completas de pacientes. Un 56,60 % pertenecen al sexo masculino y 43,40 % al sexo femenino. El mayor porcentaje nació el año 2011 (15,57 %), la FLP es la más prevalente (44,92 %), el 26,67 % de las madres tenía entre 21-25 años al momento del parto, un 80,50 % y 87,50 % consumió alcohol y tabaco respectivamente durante primer trimestre del embarazo, y un 41,33 % se desempeñó en rubro agrícola. Pueden ser considerados como factores de riesgo durante el embarazo: estrés post catástrofe natural, enfermedades crónicas, consumo de fármaco, hábito tabáquico y alcohólico y exposición a pesticidas.

The objective of the study was to describe the epidemiologic profile of patients with non-syndromic cleft palate according to factors that involve the mother. Observational, retrospective and analytical study from data obtained of non-syndromic cleft lip palate cases. The type of cleft lip and palate (CLP) and the variables that involve the mother were classified. In this analysis 236 fulfilled clinical records from patients were evaluated; 56,60 % correspond to male and 43,40 % to female. Most births occurred in 2011 (15,57%), cleft palate is the most prevalent (44,92 %), at the moment of birth mothers were 21-25 years old (26,67 %), most of the mothers consumed alcohol or tobacco during the first trimester of pregnancy (80,50 % and 87,50 %, respectively), and 41,33% worked in agriculture related jobs. In conclusion post natural catastrophe stress, chronic diseases, consumption of drugs, smoking and alcohol habits and exposure to pesticides can be considered as a risk factor for having a child with CLP.

Cirugía mayor ambulatoria ginecológica en el Hospital San José de Parral / Major outpatient gynecological surgery at the San Jose de Parral Hospital

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate initial results of a ambulatory major surgery program in Gynecology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive study of the period March 2018 to June 2019. The interventions included were: surgical sterilizations via vaginal, minilap and laparoscopic, diagnostic laparoscopy, laparoscopic cyst or anexectomy, hysteroscopy, TOT, vaginal plasty, biopsy curettage, polypectomy, extraction of IUD under anesthesia, labiaplasty, and removal of transobsturatrix tape. Quality indicators such as suspension, readmissions and systemic and surgical complications have been analyzed. RESULTS: 136 patients were operated by CMA of which 43 were laparoscopic (31.6%), 55 patients vaginally (40.4%), 34 histeroscopy (25%) and 4 patients by minilap (3%)There were 4 minor and late complications (2.9%) that corresponded to operative wound infection in vaginal plasty and nymphoplasty, a dysfunctional TOT tape that had to be removed in a mediated manner and a PIP post surgical sterilization via vaginal route. CONCLUSIONS: Gynecological ambulatory major surgery is feasible to perform in a hospital of medium complexity with a low percentage of minor complications in this study.

Construção e validação de uma ficha clínica para acompanhamento de pré-natal de risco habitual* / Construcción y validación de una ficha clínica para el monitoreo del riesgo prenatal habitual * / Construction and validation of a clinical form for usual-risk prenatal follow-up*

Objetivo: construir e validar uma ficha clínica para acompanhamento do pré-natal de risco habitual. Método: pesquisa metodológica com emprego de Técnica Delphi para validar o instrumento quanto a pertinência/representatividade, aplicando-se o cálculo do coeficiente de validade de conteúdo, cujo valor mínimo adotado foi ≥ 80 %. Os critérios de seleção dos participantes consistiram em ser enfermeiro, docente de instituição pública com título de Doutor e especialista em Obstetrícia. O primeiro painel foi constituído por 15 juízes e o segundo por 13. O estudo foi realizado entre fevereiro a junho de 2016. Resultados: o cálculo do Coeficiente de Validação de Conteúdo mensurou a Pertinência/Representatividade de cada item da ficha clínica mediante a análise de dois painéis, os quais alcançaram o coeficiente estabelecido. Conclusão: a ficha clínica validada está apta para aplicação em consultas de pré-natal de risco habitual.

Objective: to build and validate a clinical form record for usual-risk prenatal follow-up. Method: methodological research with employment of Delphi Technique to validate the instrument as the relevance/representativeness, by applying the calculation of the content validity coefficient, whose minimum value adopted was ≥ 80 %. The criteria for the selection of participants consisted of being a nurse, professor at government institution with the degree of PhD and specialist in Obstetrics. The first panel was composed of 15 judges and the second, of 13. The study was conducted between February and June 2016. Results: the calculation of the Content Validity Coefficient measured the Relevance/Representativeness of each item of the clinical form through the analysis of two panels, which reached the coefficient set. Conclusion: the validated clinical form is suitable for application in usual-risk prenatal consultations.

Objetivo: construir y validar una ficha clínica para el monitoreo del riesgo prenatal habitual. Método: investigación metodológica con el empleo de la Técnica Delphi para validar el instrumento de acuerdo con la pertinencia/representatividad, aplicando el cálculo del coeficiente de validación de contenido, cuyo valor mínimo aprobado era ≥ 80 %. Los criterios para la selección de los participantes consistían en ser un(a) enfermero(a), profesor(a) de institución pública con el título de Doctor(a) y especialista en Obstetricia. El primer panel estuvo integrado por 15 jueces y el segundo, por 13. El estudio se realizó entre febrero y junio de 2016. Resultados: el cálculo del Coeficiente de Validación de Contenido midió la pertinencia/representación de cada elemento de la forma clínica a través del análisis de dos paneles, que alcanzaron el coeficiente establecido. Conclusión: la ficha clínica validada es adecuada para su aplicación en las consultas prenatales de riesgo habitual.

Associação entre condições sistêmicas e gravidade da doença periodontal em pacientes atendidos na Clínica-Escola da UFCG / Association between systemic conditions and the gravity of periodontal disease in patients attended at the UFCG School clinic

Introdução: A doença periodontal é uma doença inflamatória crônica dos tecidos de proteção e suporte dos dentes. As doenças ou alterações de ordem sistêmica, como diabetes, alterações cardiovasculares e pulmonares, distúrbios hormonais e outras, não iniciam a doença periodontal, mas podem acelerar uma doença preexistente, aumentando sua progressão e destruição tecidual. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, por meio de prontuários clínicos, uma possível associação entre as condições sistêmicas e a gravidade da doença periodontal em pacientes atendidos na Clínica-Escola de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, campus CSTR (UFCG-CSTR). Material e método: Para o estudo, foram avaliados 1.035 prontuários clínicos dos pacientes que procuraram atendimento na Clínica-Escola de Odontologia da UFCG-CSTR durante os anos de 2012 a 2017. Resultado: A população estudada apresentou prevalência do sexo masculino (50,9%) e diagnóstico de doença gengival (63,6%) e periodontal (35,8%). As condições sistêmicas mais prevalentes foram hipertensão (15%), diabetes (7,5%) e cardiopatias (5,8%). Além disso, 20,2% relataram ser fumantes ou ex-fumantes, enquanto o uso de medicação foi observado em 28,3% dos casos. Foi verificada associação estatisticamente significativa entre doença periodontal, sexo masculino, faixa etária mais avançada, hipertensão arterial, tabagismo ou histórico de tabagismo e diabetes. Conclusão: Foi observada uma quantidade de dentes igual ou menor do que 10 com maior frequência entre os pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, hipertensos, diabéticos, cardiopatas e fumantes ou ex-fumantes, sugerindo, desse modo, uma maior gravidade da doença periodontal nesses indivíduos.

Introduction: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the protective and supporting tissues of the teeth. Systemic diseases or changes, such as diabetes, cardiovascular changes, lung changes, hormonal disorders and others, do not start periodontal disease, however they can accelerate a pre-existing disease increasing its progression and tissue destruction. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluated, through clinical records, a possible association between systemic conditions and the severity of periodontal disease in patients seen at the Clinical School of Dentistry, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus CSTR (UFCG-CSTR). Material and method: The study evaluated 1035 medical records of patients who sought care at the Clinical School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus CSTR during the years 2012 to 2017. Result: The studied population had a prevalence of males (50.9%) and a diagnosis of gingival and periodontal disease of 63.6% and 35.8%, respectively. The most prevalent systemic conditions were hypertension (15.0%), diabetes (7.5%) and heart disease (5.8%). About 20.2% reported being smokers or ex-smokers. The use of medication was observed in 28.3% of the cases. There was a statistically significant association between periodontal disease, male gender, older age group, arterial hypertension, smoking or history of smoking and diabetes. Conclusion: A number of teeth equal to or less than 10 was observed more frequently among patients aged 60 years or more; hypertensive, diabetic, cardiac patients and smokers or ex-smokers, thus suggesting a greater severity of periodontal disease in these individuals.

Estudio de los Valores de Hemograma en Niños con Caries Temprana de la Infancia Severa / Study of Hemogram Values in Children with Severe Early Childhood Caries

RESUMEN: La caries temprana de la infancia severa (CTI-S) es una enfermedad crónica que afecta a niños menores de 6 años, produce dolor, infección y destrucción de los tejidos dentales. El dolor que experimentan los niños con CTI-S puede llevar a hábitos alimenticios alterados que pueden causar deficiencias nutricionales. El objetivo fue evaluar los valores de hemograma en niños con CTI-S y compararlos con los valores normales de referencia para la edad. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo observacional. Se analizaron las fichas y hemogramas de 47 niños con CTI-S, clasificados como ASA 1, atendidos bajo anestesia general en el Hospital de la Fuerza Aérea de Chile. Se tomaron en cuenta los valores del hemograma en relación a: Hematocrito, Hemoglobina y VCM. Se realizaron test descriptivos para las variables en estudio y se utilizó el testt para comparar los valores de hemograma con los valores normales de referencia. Se encontró una disminución de los valores de hematocrito en 4 pacientes (8,5 %) y una disminución del valor de VCM en 17 pacientes (36,7 %). Se encontraron diferencias significativas al comparar los promedios obtenidos en relación a hematocrito, VCM y hemoglobina en niños con CTI-S con el promedio de referencia (p <0,001). De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, podemos concluir que los niños con caries temprana de la infancia severa, tienen alteraciones en los valores promedio de hemograma en relación a hematocrito, hemoglobina y VCM.

ABSTRACT: Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) is a multifactorial chronic disease that affects children under 6 years of age, produces pain, infection and destruction of the dental tissues. The pain experienced by children with SECC may lead to altered eating habits that may cause nutritional deficiencies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hemogram values in children with severe early childhood caries, and compare them with age population reference values. An observational retrospective study was carried out. We analyzed the medical records and their respective hemograms of 47 children with S-ECC, classified as ASA1, attended at the Chilean Air Force Hospital under general anesthesia. The hemogram values were taken into account in relation to: hematocrit, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Descriptive tests were carried out for the variables under study and the t-test was used to compare the hemogram values with the normal reference values. A decrease in hematocrit values was found in 4 patients (8.5 %) and a decrease in the value of MCV in 17 patients (36.7 %). Significant differences were found when comparing the averages obtained in relation to hematocrit, hemoglobin and MCV in children with S-ECC with the reference average (p <0.001). According to the results obtained, in this study, we can conclude that children with severe early childhood caries, have alterations in the average of hemogram values in relation to hematocrit, hemoglobin and MCV.

Utilidad de expedientes odontológicos disponibles en Costa Rica en el año 2018 para la identificación de víctimas de desastres según el protocolo de INTERPOL / Utility of dental records available in Costa Rica in 2018 for the identification of disaster victims according to the INTERPOL protocols

Resumen Introducción: La identificación por métodos odontológicos ha demostrado su efectividad desde hace mucho tiempo, pero en los últimos años ha tenido un rol determinante en la identificación de víctimas de desastres masivos y en crímenes de lesa humanidad. Uno de los factores determinantes para efectuar una identificación positiva es la calidad de la información antemortem. La presente investigación tuvo como fin establecer la calidad de la información recopilada en los expedientes odontológicos durante el año 2018 en Costa Rica con respecto a la información contemplada en los protocolos de INTERPOL. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en el que se realizó un cuestionario basado en la información solicitada en los formularios antemortem y postmortem de INTERPOL para identificación de víctimas de desastres (DVI). Se realizó una cuestionario piloto y se aplicó a 10 odontólogos, posteriormente se realizó un cuestionario final calibrado, vía electrónica a través del Colegio de Cirujanos Dentistas de Costa Rica mediante la plataforma Google Docs; los resultados fueron analizados mediante las distribuciones de frecuencia, cruce de variables, comparación de medias con base en el análisis de variancia. El nivel mínimo de confianza para las comparaciones fue del 95%. El procesamiento estadístico de los datos se realizó en la base de datos llamada SPSS versión 17.0 y en Excel. Resultados: En total fueron respondidos 573 cuestionarios de los cuales el 76% son mujeres; la distribución es independiente de la edad(p=0,161). Un 90,2% de los odontólogos generalmente elaboran un expediente clínico odontológico para sus pacientes, un 8,4% a veces no lo hace y un 1.4% no siempre lo realiza. El 69% de los entrevistados indican que la información que recopila en el expediente clínico odontológico si puede ser útil para la identificación de una persona, 19% indica que no sabe que esta información puede ser utilizada para identificación y un 12% indica que no es útil. Conclusiones: El expediente clínico odontológico es de extrema utilidad para colaborar en el proceso de identificación de víctimas mortales, sin embargo existe una gran cantidad de información no odontológica que puede ser recopilada por los odontólogos para facilitar la identificación de seres humanos.

Abstract Introduction: The identification by dental methods has proven its effectiveness for a long time, but in recent years it has played a determining role in the identification of victims of mass disasters and crimes against humanity. One of the determining factors for positive identification is the quality of antemortem information. The purpose of the present investigation was to establish the quality of the information collected in the dental records during the year 2018 in Costa Rica with respect to the information contemplated in the INTERPOL protocols. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, in which a questionnaire was conducted based on the information requested in the INTERPOL antemortem and postmortem forms for identification of disaster victims (DVI). A pilot questionnaire was carried out and applied to 10 dentists, later a calibrated final questionnaire was done electronically through the College of Dental Surgeons of Costa Rica in the Google Docs platform; the results were analyzed by means of frequency distributions, crossing of variables, comparison of means based on analysis of variance. The minimum confidence level for the comparisons was 95%. The statistical processing of the data was done in the database called SPSS version 17.0 and in Excel. Results: A total of 573 questionnaires were answered, of which 76% are women; the distribution is independent of age (p = 0.161). 90.2% of dentists generally elaborate a dental clinical record for their patients, 8.4% sometimes do not and 1.4% do not always do it. 69% of the interviewees indicate that the information that they collect in the dental clinical file can be useful for the identification of a person, 19% indicate that they do not know that this information can be used for identification and 12% indicate that it is not Useful. Conclusions: The dental clinical file is extremely useful to collaborate in the process of identification of fatalities, however there is a large amount of non-dental information that can be collected by dentists to facilitate the identification of human beings.

Hipoacusia neurosensorial adquirida asociada a alteraciones vestibulares y / o control postural / Neurosensorial acquired hypoacusia associated with vestibular alterations and / or postural control

La otitis media aguda es una infección del oído medio con alta prevalencia en población pediátrica, las complicaciones pueden generar desde hipoacusia neurosensorial de diverso grado hasta alteración vestibular y/o control postural, aunque de ello no existen mayores reportes ni investigaciones en Chile. Por lo anterior, el objetivo fue asociar la hipoacusia neurosensorial a alteraciones vestibulares y/o de control postural. Se evaluó a un sujeto de sexo femenino, 13 años de edad, quien presentó múltiples cuadros de Otitis Media Aguda y fue diagnosticada con hipoacusia neurosensorial bilateral grado moderado. Antes del estudio, reportó desequilibrio y aumento de riesgo de caída. Se aplicaron test auditivos (timpanometría y audiometría), vestibulares (evaluación del VIII par craneal) y de control postural (posturógrafo y tests "Time up and go", Romberg y Romberg en tándem). Se encontraron alteradas la prueba de integración sensorial, con predominancia del hemicuerpo derecho, igualmente predominancia a alteraciones auditivas en el oído derecho ante pruebas que valoraron oído medio. Se observó una relación directa entre las alteraciones posturales y de equilibrio con el tipo y grado de pérdida auditiva que presenta el sujeto de estudio.

The acute otitis media is a middle ear infection with high prevalence in pediatric population, the complications could generate from sensorineural hearing loss to vestibular alteration and/or postural control, although, there aren´t report or researches of it in Chile. Therefore, the objective was to associate sensorineural hearing loss with vestibular alterations and/or postural control. We evaluated a female subject presenting multiple events of acute otitis media and she was diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss middle grade. Before this study, she reported imbalance and falling risk. Hearing (tympanometry and audiometry), vestibular (evaluation of the VIII cranial nerve) and postural control tests were applied (posturography and "Time up and go", Romberg and Romberg in tandem test). It was found altered the integration sensorial test, with predominance to half body right and predominance of hearing impairment in the right ear to the middle ear evaluated evidence. It was observed a direct relation between postural alterations and balance with the hearing loss type from the subject of study.

La ficha clínica mirada desde la legislación chilena actual / Clinical record looked at from the current Chilean legislation / A ficha clínica vista a partir da legislação chilena atual

Resumen: La historia o ficha clínica ha servido de instrumento de registro de las actividades sanitarias desde el inicio de las profesiones de salud, otorgándosele diversas utilidades y valoraciones, según su objetivo, un valor docente, en investigación, judicial, entre otros. Ante las diferentes interpretaciones de las normas vigentes en Chile se ha debido legislar en su uso, pertenencia, contenido y otros aspectos, aclarando algunas situaciones pero restringiendo su acceso en otros aspectos. Dado las distintas leyes y normativas a las que se asocia su uso, se hizo necesario elaborar un documento que incluya sus aspectos más importantes. Aún quedan elementos asociados a las costumbres, creencias, especialidades en salud, entre otras, que no han sido abordados por las leyes, además de la labor docente de este instrumento.

Abstract: The history or clinical record has served as an element of registration of health activities since the beginning of the health professions, granting him other utilities and valuations according to their objective, as a teaching value, in research, judicial, among others. Given the different interpretations of the norms in force in Chile, it has had to legislate in its use, membership, content and other aspects of the clinical file, clarifying some situations, but restricting their access in other aspects. Given the different laws and regulations associated with its use, it became necessary to produce a document that collects its most important aspects. There are still aspects associated with customs, beliefs, specialties in health, among others, that have not been addressed by the Laws, in addition to the teaching work of this instrument.

Resumo: A história ou ficha clínica tem servido como instrumento de registro das atividades sanitárias desde o início das profissões de saúde, concedendo-se a elas vários utilitários e valorações de acordo com sua finalidade: ensino, pesquisa, valor jurídico, entre outros. Para as diferentes interpretações das normas vigentes no Chile havia de legislar em seu uso, composição, conteúdo e outros aspectos da ficha clínica, esclarecendo algumas situações, mas restringindo seu acesso em outros aspectos. Tendo em conta as diferentes leis e regulamentos aos quais o seu uso está associado, tornou-se necessário apresentar um documento que reúne os aspectos mais importantes. Existem ainda os aspectos associados a costumes, crenças, especialidades em saúde, entre outros, que não foram abordadas pelas leis, além do ensino deste instrumento.

Cumplimiento de los registros clínicos, esquemas terapéuticos e intervenciones de enfermería en un hospital de segundo nivel de atención / Compliance with clinical records, therapeutic schemes and nursing interventions in a second-level care hospital

Resumen

Introducción: los registros clínicos de enfermería constituyen un documento legal en donde se evalúa la calidad científica, humana y ética de la atención al paciente.

Objetivo: determinar el cumplimiento de los registros clínicos de enfermería con base en la "Herramienta única de evaluación de los registros clínicos, esquemas terapéuticos e intervenciones de enfermería".

Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal. En una muestra de 156 expedientes clínicos, se evaluó la hoja de enfermería mediante un instrumento diseñado como "Herramienta única de evaluación de los registros clínicos, esquemas terapéuticos e intervenciones de enfermería".

Resultados: en general el cumplimiento de los registros clínicos fue del 61%. La omisión en el registro se presentó en la valoración continua del dolor. El registro de intervenciones fue del 70% y de estudios 48%. Solo el 41% registró las acciones para reducir el riesgo de úlceras por presión. La mayoría (75%) no firma sus notas o lo hace de forma incompleta.

Conclusiones: la utilidad práctica de este estudio se traduce en un diagnóstico situacional sobre los registros de enfermería como información esencial sobre la cual tomar futuras decisiones con respecto a la temática abordada.

Abstract

Introduction: Nursing clinical records are a legal document in which the scientific, human and ethical quality of patient care is evaluated.

Objective: To determine compliance with nursing clinical records based on the "Single tool for the evaluation of clinical records, therapeutic schemes and nursing interventions".

Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study. In a sample of 156 clinical files, the nursing sheet was evaluated by means of an instrument designed as "Single tool for evaluation of clinical records, therapeutic schemes and nursing interventions".

Results: In general, compliance with clinical records was 61%. The omission in the registry was presented in the continuous pain assessment. The registry of interventions was 70% and studies 48%. Only 41% registered the actions to reduce the risk of pressure ulcers. The majority (75%) do not sign their notes or do so in an incomplete way.

Conclusions: The practical utility of this study is translated into a situational diagnosis of nursing records as essential information on which to make future decisions regarding the subject matter addressed.

Protocolo de Atención Ortodóncica en Pacientes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) / Orthodontic Care Protocol for Patients with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

RESUMEN: Actualmente se observa un aumento en el número de personas con necesidades especiales en atención en salud, dentro de ellos, aquellos pacientes diagnosticados con trastorno del espectro autista, quienes presentan altos requerimientos de tratamiento ortodóncico a causa de maloclusiones. A pesar de que padres y/o cuidadores se encuentran motivados a mejorar su calidad de vida mediante el mejoramiento de la estética dento-facial y la función oral, también son pacientes que no son tratados en clínicas convencionales dado alguna dificultad en el comportamiento que presenten en una atención odontólogica. Por la enorme dificultad que se puede encontrar en la atención clínica, el presente trabajo indica un protocolo de atención ortodóncica en pacientes con trastorno del espectro autista, útil para realizar una completa ayuda de cada paciente que permita un adecuado diagnóstico, plan de tratamiento y pronóstico en la especialidad de ortodoncia.

ABSTRACT: There is currently an increase in the number of people with special oral health care needs, including those patients diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder who often require orthodontic treatment due to malocclusions. Although parents and / or caregivers are motivated to improve their quality of life by improving dento-facial aesthetics and oral function, these are also patients who do not receive treatment in conventional clinics due to behavioral problems they may present during dental care. In light of the difficulties that can be encountered during clinical dental care, the present study presents a protocol of orthodontic care in patients with autism spectrum disorder. The protocol is useful in that it allows an adequate diagnosis, treatment plan and prognosis in the orthodontic specialty required by each patient.

Retrospective Study of Traumatic Dental Injuries of Patients Treated at a Dental Trauma Clinic in Santiago, Chile / Estudio retrospectivo de Casos Atendidos en Clínica de Traumatología Dentoalveolar en Santiago, Chile

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to carry out a retrospective study of cases seen at the Child and Adult Dental Traumatology Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago. A retrospective study was carried out analysing the records of patients seen at the Dental Traumatology Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile from January 2012 to March 2017. The inclusion criteria was that patient complaint was due to dental trauma. Data were tabulated indicating age and sex of the patient, cause, day, and tooth involved and the initial diagnosis of the dental trauma. Chi-square, Shapiro Wilk normality test and Mann-Whitney test were used for frequency analyses. A total of 117 dental records were analysed, 90 of these met the inclusion criteria. The age range of the sample was 5 to 60 years, and the average age was 14.3 years. Most injuries occurred in patients during the first and second decades of their life. Of the patients, 59.3 % were men and 40.7 % were women. The most frequent dental traumas were complicated and uncomplicated crown fractures, followed by root fractures. In the majority of the cases analysed, only one tooth was affected, and the tooth most frequently traumatized was the right upper central incisor, followed by the left upper central incisor. The most frequent dental trauma of the cases treated at the Child and Adult Dental Traumatology Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, between 2012 and 2017 were crown fractures.

RESUMEN: El objetivo fue realizar un estudio retrospectivo de los casos que acuden a la clínica de Traumatología Dentoalveolar (TDA) Pediátrica y del Adulto de la Clínica de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo analizando las fichas de pacientes atendidos en la Clínica de TDA de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile desde enero 2012 hasta marzo 2017. El criterio de inclusión fue motivo de consulta por traumatismo dentoalveolar inmediato. Se tabularon datos consignando sexo y edad del paciente, causa, día, diente involucrado y diagnóstico inicial del TDA. Para los análisis de frecuencia se utilizó Chi-cuadrado, el test de normalidad de Shapiro Wilk y test de Mann-Whitney. Se analizaron un total de 117 fichas, donde 90 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. El rango de edad de la muestra fue de 5 a 60 años, con un promedio de 14,3 años. Siendo la primera y la segunda década de vida donde ocurren con mayor frecuencia los traumatismos. El 59,3 % eran hombres y 40,7 % mujeres. El TDA más frecuente fueron las fracturas coronarias complicadas y no complicadas, seguido por fracturas radiculares. En la mayoría de los casos analizados sólo un diente se encontraba afectado. El diente más frecuentemente traumatizado fue el incisivo central superior derecho, seguido por el izquierdo. Las causas más frecuentes de traumatismo fueron por caída y golpe. De los casos atendidos en la clínica de TDA de la Universidad de Chile entre 2012 y 2017 el traumatismo más frecuente es la fractura coronaria.

Ficha de avaliação clínica de membros inferiores para prevenção do pé diabético / Ficha de avaliação clínica de membros inferiores para prevención do pé diabético / Clinical evaluation form of lower members for diabetic foot prevention

Objetivo: Elaborar ficha de avaliação clínica (FAC) dos membros inferiores (MIs) para prevenção do pé diabético (PD). Métodos: Partindo de revisão da literatura, elaborou-se uma FAC com 4 fases: as fases 1 e 2 contemplam o exame clínico (anamnese e exame físico, respectivamente) com ênfase na avaliação dos pés e na pesquisa de fatores de risco para úlceras; a fase 3 avalia o autocuidado com os pés e a fase 4 descreve as principais orientações para este cuidado. Resultados: Após a realização das fases 1 e 2, segue uma classificação de risco de ulceração dos pés. A fase 3 avalia com dez questões os cuidados com os pés e a fase 4 apresenta dez orientações educacionais para prevenção do PD. Conclusão: A FAC proposta possibilita detectar e intervir precocemente no risco de ulceração nos pés.

Objective: To elaborate a clinical evaluation sheet (CES) of the lower limbs (LL) for diabetic foot (DF) prevention. Methods: Based on literature review, a four-phased CES has been elaborated: phases 1 and 2 contemplate clinical evaluation (anamnesis and physical evaluation, respectively) with emphasis on feet evaluation and search for soreness risk factors; phase 3 evaluates feet care and phase 4 describes the main guidelines for this care. Results: With the completion of phases 1 and 2, a feet soreness risk rating follows. Phase 3 evaluates feet care with ten questions and phase 4 presents ten educational guidelines for DF prevention. Conclusion: The proposed CES enables the detection and early intervention on foot soreness risk.

Objetivo: Desarrollar formulario de evaluación clínica (FEC) de los miembros inferiores (MIs) para la prevención del pie diabético (PD). Métodos: A partir de la revisión de la literatura, fue preparada una FEC con 4 fases: fases 1 y 2 incluyen examen clínico (anamnesis y la exploración física, respectivamente), con énfasis en la evaluación de los pies y los factores de riesgo para buscar úlceras; fase 3 se evalúa el auto-cuidado con sus pies y la fase 4 se describen las pautas principales para este tipo de atención. Resultados: Después de la terminación de las fases 1 y 2 sigue la clasificación de riesgo de la ulceración de los pies. Fase 3 evalúa con diez preguntas del cuidado de los pies y la fase 4 presenta diez directrices educativas para prevenir el PD. Conclusión: La propuesta FEC permite detectar e intervenir temprano en riesgo de ulceración de los pies.

Ficha clínica de atendimento ao cliente com diabetes mellitus do tipo 1 / Type 1 diabetes mellitus customer clinical care history sheet

Diabetes Mellitus é um dos principais problemas de saúde pública, sendo a Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) o distúrbio endócrino-metabólico mais comum na infância. Durante o atendimento ambulatorial ao cliente com DM1, foi observado que o registro da consulta era feito em uma folha pautada apenas, sem qualquer orientação para seu preenchimento, mesmo diante de uma patologia complexa, com inúmeros dados e informações. A questão norteadora foi à necessidade de uma sistematização para um registro adequado do atendimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar uma Ficha Clínica (FC) padronizada para acompanhamento ambulatorial do cliente com DM1, com o intuito de melhorar a assistência e a segurança dos dados coletados. Ao mesmo tempo, teve o propósito de servir como instrumento facilitador para acadêmicos e profissionais de saúde para melhor aprendizagem e a avaliação dos casos. O método utilizado foi à revisão narrativa do assunto para selecionar dados e parâmetros de avaliações essenciais para compor a referida FC. Foram selecionados artigos de revisão e consensos publicados na base de dados PUBMED, LILACS, Cochrane e Scielo, produzidos no Brasil e no exterior, com a utilização dos descritores "Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1", "Guideline", além de livros atualizados sobre o tema, publicados entre os anos de 1988 a 2016. Da mesma forma, foi realizada outra revisão narrativa da literatura para aprofundar conhecimentos sobre as orientações e leis que regem o descarte correto dos resíduos sólidos perfurocortantes em domicílio, devido à extrema relevância que o tema demonstrou na assistência ao cliente com DM1. Além da elaboração de artigos sobre os temas estudados, os produtos dessas duas revisões foram: (1) "Folheto educativo (FC) para profissionais de saúde sobre destinação ambientalmente correta de perfurocortantes em domicílio" e (2) o produto principal "Ficha Clínica de atendimento ao cliente com diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1" e seu instrutivo para preenchimento. Conclusão: O estudo atingiu o objetivo proposto, com a elaboração não só de uma FC sistematizada para consulta inicial, mas também para acompanhamento da evolução clínica do diabético. Além disso, o Folheto explicativo dirigido aos profissionais de saúde sobre o descarte de resíduos perfurocortantes domiciliares complementa essa ficha clínica e possibilita uma assistência mais completa ao portador de DM1

Diabetes Mellitus is one of the main public health problems, with Diabetes Mellitus type 1 (DM1) being the most common endocrine-metabolic disorder in childhood. During ambulatory care with the DM1 client, it was observed that the registration of the consultation was done on a standardized sheet only, without any orientation for its completion, even in the face of a complex pathology, with numerous data and information. The guiding question was the need for systematization for an adequate record of care. The objective of this study was to develop a standardized Clinical Record (CR) for outpatient follow-up of patients with DM1, in order to improve the care and safety of the data collected. At the same time, it was intended to serve as a facilitating tool for academics and health professionals for better learning and case assessment. The method used was the narrative review of the subject to select data and evaluation parameters essential to compose said clinical record. We selected articles of review and consensus published in the PUBMED, LILACS, Cochrane and Scielo database, produced in Brazil and abroad, using the descriptors "Diabetes Mellitus type 1", "Guideline", and updated books on the subject , published between 1988 and 2016. In the same way, another narrative review of the literature was carried out to deepen knowledge about the guidelines and laws that govern the correct disposal of solid residues at home, due to the extreme relevance that the topic demonstrated in customer service with DM1. In addition to the elaboration of articles on the subjects studied, the products of these two reviews were: (1) "Educational brochure for health professionals about the environmentally correct destination of sharps at home" and (2) the main product "Clinical file with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus" and it's instructive to fill. Conclusion: The study reached the proposed goal, with the elaboration not only of a systematized CR for initial consultation, but also for monitoring the clinical evolution of the diabetic. In addition, the explanatory brochure addressed to health professionals on the disposal of household hazardous waste complements this clinical file and enables a more complete assistance to the DM1 patient

Perfil clínico e sociodemográfico de vítimas de traumatismo cranioencefálico atendidas na área vermelha da emergência de um hospital de referência em trauma em Sergipe / Clinical and Sociodemographic Profile of Traumatic Brain Injury Victims Attended on Emergency Red Area from a Hospital Reference in Trauma of Sergipe

Objetivo Traçar o perfil clínico e sociodemográfico das vítimas de TCE atendidas na área vermelha da emergência de um hospital de referência em trauma em Sergipe. Método A amostra foi composta por 96 vítimas de TCE, para coleta de dados foram usados instrumento estruturado, prontuário e ficha de atendimento. Resultados A faixa etária mais acometida foi de 18 a 30 anos; a grande maioria do sexo masculino, natural de Sergipe. Quanto ao estado civil, escolaridade e profissão, foi notado o não preenchimento destes campos na totalidade das fichas de atendimento. A grande maioria dos acidentes ocorreu em via pública com motocicletas procedentes de outros municípios de Sergipe, domingo; amaioriados TCEs foi classificada emgrave. Para a grande maioria foi adotado o tratamento conservador. A maioria das vítimas utilizou analgesia. O suporte ventilatório que prevaleceu foi o TOT. A totalidade usava monitorização não invasiva; 81,3% fizeram uso de nutrição enteral, sendo 51,0% por via nasal; 60,4% com balanço hídrico e 77,1% com sonda vesical de demora; 64,6% das vítimas foram transferidos para outras áreas do hospital e 21,9% evoluíram para óbito. Conclusão O TCE grave prevaleceu no adulto jovem do sexo masculino; o trauma por moto foi representativo com número de óbitos significativo. Estima-se que o tratamento conservador e as terapias de suporte sejam padrão na condução clínica das vítimas de TCE, o que exige dos profissionais de saúde intervenções a fim de minimizar danos físicos e psicológicos.

Objective Draw a clinical, social and demographic profile of TBI victims attended on emergency red area from a hospital reference in trauma of Sergipe. Methods The sample was composed for 96 TBI victims; for the search of data was used structured instrument and clinical and service records. Results The age group more affected was from 18 to 30 years old; the great majority male, born in Sergipe. It was noted that the fields of marital status, education and profession were not filled in the total of the service records. The great majority of accidents occurred in public way originated in others cities of Sergipe; the trauma mechanism was motorcycle accident on Sunday; the majority of the TBI was classified as serious. For the most of victims it was chosen the conservatory treatment. The majority of them used analgesics. The ventilatory support most used was the endotracheal tube. The totality used non-invasivemotorization; (81.3%) were in enteral nutrition, being (51.0%) nasally; (60.4%) with hydric balance and (77.1%) with urinary catheter; (64.6%) of the victims were transferred to other hospital areas and (21.9%) evolved to death. Conclusion The serious TBI, in the male young adult was prevalent; the motorcycle trauma was representative with significant number of deaths. It is estimated that the conservatory treatment and the support therapies be a pattern on the clinical management of TBI victims, what requires interventions from the health professionals to minimize the physical and physiologic damages.