Gene e caráter como maldição hereditária / Gene and character as a hereditary curse: discourses on criminality andabnormality in the Boletim de Eugenia (1929-1932)

O estudo parte das pesquisas atuais sobre a etiologia do crime nos campos psi e dos diferentes instrumentos utilizados para esse fim. Argumenta-se que essas pesquisas apresentam ressonâncias da lógica determinista da Escola Positivista de Criminologia e da racionalidade eugenista da primeira metade do século XX.A narrativa histórica aqui proposta busca contribuir para as reflexões sobre a reificação do crime e uso dos dispositivos de avaliação do corpo e do psiquismo. O estudo pesquisou os discursos sobre criminalidade e anormalidade no Boletim de Eugenia (1929-1932), explorando a hipótese da reatualização do pensamento eugenista nas atuais investidas dos supostos saberes criminológicos. Conclui-se que as tentativas de captura da psicologia, enquanto dispositivo de poder, explicitam as vontades de normatização incorporadas na lógica preditiva do crime.

The study discusses current research on the etiology of crime in psychiatry and psychology and the different instruments used for this purpose. It is argued that these areas of research present resonances of the deterministic logic of the Positivist School of Criminology and of the eugenicist rationality of the first halfof the 20th century. The historical narrative proposed here seeks to contribute to a reflection on the reification of crime and the use of devices for evaluating the body and the psyche. The study investigated the discourses on criminality andabnormality in the Boletim de Eugenia (1929-1932), exploring the hypothesis of the reupdating of eugenicist thinking in the current on slaught of supposed criminological knowledge. The study concludes that the attempts to capture psychology, as a device of power, make explicit the desire for normalization incorporated in the predictive logic of crime.

Práticas da Psicologia no contexto carcerário Brasileiro: uma revisão sistemática / Psychology practices in the Brazilian prison context: a systematic review

Este texto apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo compreender a atuação da(o) profissional psicóloga(o) no contexto carcerário brasileiro a partir da literatura produzida e publicada nas principais bases de dados vinculadas ao CNPq. Foi realizado um levantamento nas bases de dados no ano de 2020 e selecionados 7 trabalhos para análise. Identificou-se que a maioria das publicações é de 2015, possuindo concentração geográfica maior na região Sudeste. Predominam discussões sobre o papel que a(o) psicóloga(o) deve exercer nesse espaço e qual a sua real atuação. Constatou-se que as práticas mais exercidas por psicólogas(os) no sistema prisional são os atendimentos individuais, a avaliação psicológica e a elaboração de documentos. Considera-se a necessidade de maiores discussões e pesquisas sobre a atuação de psicólogas no contexto carcerário, bem como a realização destas discussões durante a formação em psicologia.

This text presents the results of a research that aimed to understand the role of professional psychologists in the Brazilian prison context, based on the literature produced and published in the main databases linked to the CNPq. A survey was carried out in the databases in the year 2020 and 7 works were selected for analysis. It was identified that most publications are from 2015, with a greater geographic concentration in the Southeast region. Discussions about the role that (o) psychologist (o) should play in this space and what is her real role prevail. It was found that the practices most exercised by psychologists in the prison system are individual care, psychological assessment and preparation of documents. There is a need for further discussions and research on the role of psychologists in the prison context, as well as these discussions during training in psychology.

Protocols for Psychological Assessment of Recidivism and Dangerousness: a systematic review of the Brazilian scientific production / Protocolos de Avaliação Psicológica de Reincidência e Periculosidade: uma revisão sistemática da produção científica brasileira

The psychological assessment of recidivism and dangerousness aims to provide subsidies to legal operators on the possibility of an individual to repeat criminal offenses. In the present study, a systematic review of Portuguese-language articles was carried out in the "SciELO", "Lilacs" and "Periódicos Capes" databases to identify available instruments to carry out this assessment in Brazilian populations and their predictive capacity. It was found that the Brazilian scientific production is too scarce, only nine empirical studies have been published on the subject and only one instrument with this objective is suitable for use in forensic practice. Six other instruments have been studied, but none are suitable for practical implementation. These results point to the need for scientific production on psychological assessment of recidivism and dangerousness to provide psychologists with the necessary instruments for their performance in Legal Psychology.

A avaliação psicológica de reincidência e periculosidade tem por objetivo fornecer subsídios aos operadores do Direito sobre a possibilidade de um indivíduo reincidir. No presente trabalho foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de artigos em português nas bases de dados "SciELO", "Lilacs" e "Periódicos Capes" para identificar instrumentos disponíveis para realizar esta avaliação em populações brasileiras e qual a sua capacidade preditiva. Descobriu-se que a produção científica brasileira é demasiado escassa, apenas nove trabalhos empíricos foram publicados no tema e somente um instrumento com este objetivo está apto para uso na prática profissional. Seis outros instrumentos foram estudados, mas nenhum está apto para utilização na prática. Estes resultados apontam a necessidade de produção científica sobre avaliação psicológica de reincidência e periculosidade para munir psicólogos com os instrumentos necessários para sua atuação nesta área da Psicologia Jurídica.

A Teoria das Representações Sociais em interface com a Psicologia Forense: uma revisão sistemática / The Theory of Social Representations in interface with Forensic Psychology: a systematic review

O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática das publicações que promovem um diálogo entre a Psicologia Forense e a Teoria das Representações Sociais. Para tanto seguiu-se o modelo da recomendação PRISMA utilizando-se como estratégia de busca as palavras-chave: “representações sociais” OR “representação social” OR “teoria das representações sociais” AND “psicologia forense” OR “psicologia jurídica” OR lei OR judiciário OR judicial e seus equivalentes em inglês e espanhol. O período pesquisado foi de 2008 a setembro de 2019, resultando em 127 artigos, dos quais 14 foram incluídos na presente revisão, obedecendo aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão previamente estabelecidos. Observou-se uma maior ênfase nos estudos no âmbito da proteção das crianças e adolescentes, da atuação profissional e da execução da pena. Assim, este estudo possibilitou perceber que a Teoria das Representações Sociais tem sido utilizada pela Psicologia Forense, porém de forma incipiente, havendo ainda um campo vasto para ser explorado de forma a contribuir cada vez mais na compreensão de como os pensamentos do senso comum são processados, organizados e compartilhados dentro da seara jurídica que é tão complexa e dinâmica.(AU)

The present study aimed to conduct a systematic review of publications that promote a dialogue between Forensic Psychology and Theory of Social Representations. To do so, the PRISMA recommendation model was followed using the keywords: “social representations” OR “social representation” OR “social representations theory” AND “forensic psychology” OR “legal psychology” OR law Judicial OR Judicial OR and its equivalents in English and Spanish. The researched period was from 2008 to September 2019, resulting in 127 articles, of which 14 were included in the present review, obeying the inclusion and exclusion criteria previously established. There was a greater emphasis on studies in the field of protection of children and adolescents, professional performance and the execution of the sentence. Thus, this study made it possible to perceive that the Theory of Social Representations has been used by Forensic Psychology, however in an incipient way, with still a vast field to be explored in order to contribute more and more in the understanding of how common sense thoughts are processed, organized and shared within the legal area that is so complex and dynamic.(AU)

La técnica de perfilación criminológica: conocimiento, características y utilidad en Colombia / The Criminal Profiling Technique: Knowledge, Characteristics and Usefulness in Colombia / A técnica do perfil criminológico: conhecimento, característica e utilidade na Colômbia

Resumen La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo indagar sobre el conocimiento, las características y la utilidad de la técnica de perfilación criminológica dentro de una muestra de actores judiciales en Colombia, quienes, por sus funciones profesionales en la investigación criminal, se encontraban en posibilidad de aplicar la técnica. La metodología incluyó la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 155 funcionarios pertenecientes a las principales instituciones de administración de justicia colombiana (Fiscalía, Policía Nacional, Defensoría del Pueblo, Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario, y miembros de la rama judicial). Entre los resultados se encuentra que los actores judiciales consideran útil la técnica por la noción de cientificidad que tienen sobre ella. Asimismo, aunque se percibe útil, es poco usada debido al desconocimiento general derivado del poco entrenamiento recibido para su ejecución. Estos resultados se discuten frente a la historia reciente del estudio en materia criminológica en el país, la formación de sus profesionales y las brechas entre la investigación académica y su uso en la práctica de investigación criminal. Se concluye que la técnica en el contexto colombiano está aún en desarrollo, actualmente cuenta con algunas guías y protocolos al interior de cada institución y requiere de mayores ejercicios de evaluación de impacto y análisis exhaustivos de su relevancia y cientificidad.

Abstract This research study's objective was to explore the knowledge, characteristics and usefulness of the criminal profiling technique within a sample of judicial actors in Colombia who, due to their professional functions in criminal investigations, could possibly apply the technique. The methodology included performing semi-structured interviews on 155 officials belonging to Colombia's main institutions for the administration of justice (Prosecutor's Office, National Police, Ombudsman's Office, National Penitentiary and Prison Institute, and members of the judicial branch). Among the results, it was observed that judicial actors consider the technique useful due to the scientific notion they have regarding it. Furthermore, although it is perceived as being useful, it is seldom used because of a general lack of knowledge derived from scant training for its execution. These results are discussed in light of the recent criminological study carried out in the country, its professionals' education and the gaps in academic research and its use in criminal investigations. It was concluded that the technique is still being developed in the Colombian context. It currently have some guides and protocols within each institution, and requires more impact assessments and comprehensive analyses regarding its relevance and scientific nature.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi indagar sobre o conhecimento, as características e a utilidade da técnica de perfil criminológico dentro de uma amostra de atores judiciais na Colômbia que, devido às suas funções profissionais na investigação criminal, são capazes de aplicar a técnica. A metodologia incluiu a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 155 funcionários pertencentes às principais instituições de administração de justiça colombiana (Procuradoria, Polícia Nacional, Defensoria do povo, Instituto Nacional Penitenciário e Carcerário, e membros do poder judiciário). Entre os resultados, encontra-se que os atores judiciais consideram a técnica útil devido à noção de cientificidade que possuem sobre ela. Da mesma forma, embora seja percebida como útil, é pouco utilizada por causa do desconhecimento geral derivado do pouco treinamento recebido para sua execução. Esses resultados são discutidos à luz da história recente do estudo da criminologia no país, da formação de seus profissionais e as brechas entre a pesquisa acadêmica e sua utilização na prática da investigação criminal. Conclui-se que a técnica, no contexto colombiano, ainda está em desenvolvimento. Atualmente possui alguns guias e protocolos dentro de cada instituição e requer maiores exercícios de avaliação de impacto e análise exaustiva de sua relevância e cientificidade.

Polícia Científica e Psicologia Aplicada: a singular Seção de Hipnose da Criminalística de Curitiba / Scientific Police and Applied Psychology: the unique Hypnosis Section of the Criminalistics of Curitiba

A Seção de Hipnose Forense do Instituto de Criminalística teve como fundador o peritocriminal Rui Fernando Cruz Sampaio. Oficializada em 1998, contribuiu para a solução de mais de 800 casos. A hipnose é uma técnica utilizada por profissionais da saúde, na qual o sujeito é induzido a um estado de alteração de consciência; está regulamentada por meio de resoluções de diferentes conselhos profissionais. A aplicação é comum no campo de saúde, mas há também derivações na esfera criminal. A hipnose forense foi utilizada como recurso auxiliar em fase de inquirição pré-processual. Buscamos, mediante análise documental junto à instituição, o resultado do trabalho realizado pela Seção de Hipnose, apresentando alguns casos, o fluxo contido nos pedidos de aplicação da técnica e a estruturação do trabalho técnico final.

The Forensic Hypnosis Section of the Criminalistics Institute was founded by criminal expert Rui Fernando Cruz Sampaio. Established in 1998, it contributed to the solution of more than 800 cases. Hypnosis is a technique used by health professionals, in which the subject is induced into a state of altered consciousness. It is regulated by resolutions of different professional councils. The application of this technique is common in the health field, but there arealso derivations in the criminal sphere. Forensic hypnosis was used as an auxiliary resource in the pre-procedural inquiry phase. Through documental analysis atthe institution, we searched for the result of the work carried out by the Hypnosis Section, presenting some cases, the flow contained in the requests for application of the technique and the structuring of the final technical work.

Estimating Lifetime and Residual Risk for Individuals Who Remain Sexual Offense Free in the Community: Practical Applications.

Although individuals with a history of sexual crime are often viewed as a lifelong risk, recent research has drawn attention to consistent declines in recidivism risk for those who remain offense free in the community. Because these declines are predictable, this article demonstrates how evaluators can use the amount of time individuals have remained offense free to (a) extrapolate to lifetime recidivism rates from rates observed for shorter time periods, (b) estimate the risk of sexual recidivism for individuals whose current offense is nonsexual but who have a history of sexual offending, and (c) calculate yearly reductions in risk for individuals who remain offense free in the community. In addition to their practical utility for case-specific decision making, these estimates also provide researchers an objective, empirical method of quantifying the extent to which individuals have desisted from sexual crime.

Criminal thinking, certainty of apprehension, and the decision to engage in antisocial behavior: A study of day treatment program clients.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether criminal thinking moderates the relationship between certainty of apprehension (50%, 10%, 1%) and likelihood of engaging in three antisocial hypothetical acts (cheating on a test, property damage, and driving drunk). Proactive criminal thinking (PCT), a manifestation of the planned, calculated, amoral, and instrumental features of antisocial cognition, and reactive criminal thinking (RCT), a reflection of the impulsive, irresponsible, reckless, and emotional aspects of antisocial cognition, served as between-subjects variables in this study. A repeated measures analysis of covariance performed on 67 (43 males, 24 females) day treatment program clients revealed that the likelihood of engaging in antisocial behavior was disproportionately elevated when participants were high in PCT and low in certainty. These results indicate that as the certainty of apprehension goes down, persons with elevated levels of proactive criminal thinking are disproportionately inclined to engage in antisocial and criminal behavior.

O comportamento verbal e não verbal na detecção da mentira: uma revisão bibliográfica / Verbal and nonverbal behavior in lie detection: a bibliographic review

O presente estudo está inserido nas linhas de pesquisa que investigam a identificação do comportamento de mentir por meio da observação do comportamento verbal e não verbal. O objetivo principal foi a caracterização das pesquisas sobre a detecção de mentira por intermédio da observação, publicadas em âmbito nacional e internacional. A detecção da mentira por meio da observação das alterações do comportamento não verbal vem ganhando destaque atualmente e a bibliografia aponta que o número de informações obtidas com os métodos é maior, principalmente, quando se trata de interações em que podem ocorrer dissimulação de ideias, sentimentos e emoções. No sentido de elucidar questões pertinentes correspondentes às bibliografias no campo de pesquisa, o presente trabalho identificou, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico sistemático, estudos que abordaram a identificação da mentira por intermédio da observação do comportamento não verbal. As buscas bibliográficas sobre o tema foram realizadas nas seguintes bases de dados: Scielo, Web of Sciencee PsicARTICLE (APA). Devido à especificidade da temática, julgou-se necessário a expansão da busca para os periódicos Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB) e Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA), bem como referências encontradas nos trabalhos obtidos e buscas na ferramenta de pesquisa Google Acadêmico. Foram incluídos na análise 46 artigos científicos empíricos. Observou-se um aumento no número de publicações entre os anos de 1999 e 2010, e, de acordo com a análise, resultados são variados e inconclusivos e a observação de comportamentos verbais e não verbais não podem servir como indicativos do comportamento de mentir. (AU)

This study is part of a research field that investigate the identification of lying behavior by verbal and nonverbal behavior observation. The study aimed at characterizing researches about lying detection by observation, nationally and internationally published. Lying detection by observation of modifications on nonverbal behavior is gaining attention and published studies point at the higher number of information accessed using this method, especially interactions when behaviors, feelings, and emotions can be disguised. In order to elucidate pertinent questions about researches, the present study identified, by systematic reviewing, studies that investigated the lying detection by observation of nonverbal behavior. Bibliographic search took place on Scielo, Web of Science and PsicARTICLE (APA). Due limitations of research field, we expanded the search on Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB) and Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA), as well studies cited on recovered publications and Google Scholar. We analyzed 46 empirical researches. We found many publications between yeard 1999 and 2010, and results are varied and inconclusive, and observation of verbal and nonverbal behavior can not be used as significant instrument for lying detection.(AU)

Do Developmental and Life-Course Theory Risk Factors Equally Predict Age of Onset Among Juvenile Sexual and Nonsexual Offenders?

Previous empirical inquiries into the etiology of juvenile sex offending have been largely atheoretical. Consequently, a call for studies conducted utilizing developmental and life-course (DLC) criminological theory has been made to better understand the onset, development, risk, and protective factors of juvenile sex offending. Therefore, this study contributes to the discussion by testing key predictions proposed by the DLC framework regarding the theoretical correlates of early onset offending, as applied to juvenile sex offenders (JSOs) and juvenile nonsex offenders (JNSOs). Drawing on a data set of more than 64,000 youth referred to the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, results indicate that although the number and severity of risk factors for early age of onset differ between the JSOs and JNSOs, the specific type of risk factors that emerged align with DLC theory predictions. The implications of these findings and contributions for DLC theory are also discussed.

Craving for Gambling Predicts Income-Generating Offenses: A Pathways Model of a Japanese Prison Population.

The links between gambling and criminal offenses have been frequently reported, but the pathways from gambling to a particular offense have not. Our study applied a pathways model to predict participants' income-generating, drug-related, and violent offenses stemming from their craving for gambling. The participants were 332 male inmates in a Japanese local prison. They answered questionnaires on gambling behavior, alcohol addiction, Internet addiction, impulsivity, and psychopathy. Their official records with information on their current offense, sentence length, number of imprisonments, and length of education were also analyzed. The results show that 38.55% (n = 128) of the participants had a probable gambling disorder, a rate of problem gambling at least four times higher than that among the general Japanese population. Furthermore, their craving for gambling predicted their income-generating offenses, but not their drug-related and violent offenses. Their craving for gambling can thus be linked to their financial issues, rather than their emotional and impulsive issues. The pathways model explained the path not only from addiction/psychopathy to gambling, but also from gambling to committing an income-generating offense.

A legal analysis of Australian criminal cases involving defendants with autism spectrum disorder charged with online sexual offending.

This paper examines how the symptomology of the small number of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) charged with online sexual offenses in Australia is established during legal arguments and conceived by the judiciary to impact legal liability and offending behavior. This study aims to provide empirical support for the proposition that judicial discourses regarding the connection between ASD and online sexual offending, including conduct related to child exploitation material (CEM), have little bearing on overall questions of criminal liability or the use of alternative penal dispositions. It does so by exploring a sample of nine recent Australian criminal cases, involving ten rulings, that examine how evidence of ASD is raised in legal arguments in ways that suggest a diagnosed condition may have contributed significantly to the alleged wrongdoing. We conclude by suggesting current Australian judicial practice requires more sensitivity to the impact of clinical factors associated with ASD in shaping alternative supervisory and non-custodial dispositions for individuals convicted of online sexual offenses.

Predicting violence risk and recidivism in female parolees: A state-wide sample.

Historically, research on violence risk assessments has primarily focused on male psychiatric patients and/or inmates, with minimal attention given to female patients and/or inmates-two populations likely to differ with regard to violence risk conceptualization. To date, there is no known measure of violence risk specifically tailored to predicting risk for this population that is accurate, brief, and cost-effective. As such, the current study exclusively focused on the predictive ability of the Iowa Violence and Victimization Instrument (IVVI) for female parolees over a 30-month follow-up period. Results indicated not only was the IVVI comparable across genders, its predictive power was comparable to more established measures (i.e., Violence Risk Appraisal Guide-Revised, HCR-20 V3). Results also found the IVVI may have greater usefulness with prediction of violent and felony property offenses, but limited usefulness for predicting misdemeanor property and drug offenses. Taken together, findings gathered from the current study suggest while women are reoffending at lower rates than men, yet there are fewer gender differences in risk factors for engaging in violence than expected.

Childhood Polyvictimization and the Life Course: Associations With Depression and Crime.

Exposure to multiple forms of victimization has been shown to have increasingly negative outcomes, but their unique trajectory-setting effects have been largely unexplored. Using a life course approach, this article examines the life trajectories of child polyvictims. I use a nationwide sample including 3,652 respondents after cleaning and preparation. Seemingly unrelated regressions were used to predict depression and criminal behavior in childhood and adulthood. Results suggest that children who experience multiple forms of parental abuse tend to have life trajectories which grow increasingly worse through the life course. However, life trajectories of children experiencing violence outside the home have less persistent negative outcomes. Researchers and interventions should take differing life trajectories into account when attempting to aid different types of polyvictims.

Homicide Profiles Based on Crime Scene and Victim Characteristics.

One of the current trends in homicide research includes developing works based on scientific study and empirical evidence, which offer conclusions that can be used in an operational manner during police investigations. The objective of this study was to identify homicide characteristics from behaviors carried out on the crime scene and victim characteristics associated with those of the perpetrators of these crimes in Spain. The sample consisted of 448 homicide cases from the database of the Homicide Revision Project led by the Office of Coordination and Studies of the Secretary of State and Security. After creating six classification tree models, it was found that the modus operandi of the aggressor and the victim characteristics may permit hypothesizing about the demographic characteristics of the perpetrator (gender, age, and country of origin), his/her criminal record, and the type of relationship with the victim. Furthermore, the importance of the study of victimology during a criminal investigation is highlighted, as it may indirectly offer information about the potential perpetrator. The findings of this study suggest that criminal profiling contributes notably to the decision-making process to establish more rigorous suspect prioritization, improve the management of human resources and materials, and increase the efficiency of criminal investigations.

Impaired processing of threat in psychopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of factorial data in male offender populations.

BACKGROUND: Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterised by two underlying factors. Factor 1 (affective and interpersonal deficits) captures affective deficits, whilst Factor 2 (antisocial and impulsive/disorganised behaviours) captures life course persistent antisocial behaviours. Impaired processing of threat has been proposed as an aetiologically salient factor in the development of psychopathy, but the relationship of this impairment to the factorial structure of the disorder in adult male offenders is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether threat processing deficits are characteristic of psychopathy as a unitary construct or whether such deficits are specifically linked to higher scores on individual factors. DATA SOURCES: A systematic review of the literature was conducted by searching PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO. METHODS: Studies were included if they (1) reported physiological measures of threat response as the primary outcome measure (2) indexed psychopathy using a well-validated clinician rated instrument such as the PCL-R (3) investigated male offenders between 18 and 60 years of age (4) reported threat processing analyses using both Factor 1 and Factor 2 scores (5) provided sufficient data to calculate effect sizes and (6) were published in English-language peer-reviewed journals. We identified twelve studies with data on 1112 participants for the meta-analysis of the relationship with Factor 1 scores, and nine studies with data on 801 participants for the meta-analysis of the relationship with Factor 2 scores. We conducted the meta-analyses to calculate correlations using random-effects models. RESULTS: PCL-R/SV Factor 1 scores were significantly and negatively related to threat processing indices (r = -0.22, (95%CI [-0.28, -.017]). Neither PCL-R/SV Factor 2 scores (r = -0.005, 95%CI [-0.10, 0.09]), nor PCL-R total score (r = -0.05, (95%CI [-0.15, -0.04]) were related to threat processing indices. No significant heterogeneity was detected for the Factor score results. CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analyses of the distinct psychopathy factors suggest that the threat processing deficits observed in male offenders with psychopathy are significantly associated with higher scores on Factor 1. A similar relationship does not exist with Factor 2 scores. Our findings highlight the importance of investigating the potentially discrete relationships between aetiological variables and the two factor constructs in the disorder.

Imaginarios de infancia y adolescencia criminalizada en procesos de Terapia ocupacional / Imaginaries of childhood and criminalized adolescence in occupational therapy process

La siguiente investigación aborda desde una perspectiva crítica los imaginarios de infancia criminalizada de terapeutas ocupacionales que trabajan con niños, niñas y adolescentes criminalizados/as en programas de prevención de riesgo psicosocial y programas con y sin sanción penal, con el objetivo de conocer las implicancias de estos imaginarios en la praxis de la profesión.MetodologíaSe realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a siete terapeutas ocupacionales. Posteriormente se elaboró un análisis categorial de contenidos.Resultados La etapa infanto adolescente es referida como exploratoria, compleja y fundamental para la constitución de la personalidad adulta. Los imaginarios se asocian a una serie de situaciones que pueden llevar al niño, niña o adolescente a vincularse con la actividad delictual (familismo, deserción escolar, escaso apoyo de instituciones públicas, sistema neoliberal, consumismo). Los centros de prevención realizan intervenciones en espacios cotidianos y promueven instancias de participación ocupacional, mientras que en centros cerrados con sanción penal, se realizan principalmente actividades para la reinserción sociolaboral.discusiónExisten diversidad de perspectivas en torno a las intervenciones, existiendo diferencias significativas entre los imaginarios de quienes trabajan en contextos de población sancionada y quienes no.Las limitaciones gubernamentales restringen de diversas maneras las expectativas y proyecciones de las intervenciones, confrontando a los imaginarios con lo propuesto en la declaración internacional de los derechos del niño y la niña.

The following research approaches from a critical perspective the criminalized childhood imaginary of occupational therapists who works in psychosocial prevention programs and closed treatment centers, whose users are criminalized children and adolescents with and without criminal sanction, in order to know the implications of this issue has in the praxis of the profession.MethodologyIn-depth were done to seven occupational therapists. Afterwards, a categorical content analysis was elaborated.ResultsThe childhood and teenage stage is referred to as exploratory, complex and fundamental for the constitution of the adult personality. The imaginaries are associated with a series of situations that can lead the child and adolescent to be linked to this activity (familism, school dropout, scant support from the public institutions, the neoliberal system, consumerism). The prevention centers carry out interventions in daily spaces and promote instances of occupational participation, meanwhile in closed centers are carried out mainly, activities focused on social and labor reintegration.discussionThere is a diversity of perspectives regarding to the interventions, existing significant differences between imaginaries of those occupational therapist who work in contexts of sanctioned population and those who do not. The government limitations greatly restrict the interventions, expectations and projections, confronting this imaginaries with the proposed in the international convention of The Right of the Child.

The primary motivation of sexual homicide offenders in China: Was it for sex, power and control, anger, or money?

BACKGROUND: Information on sexual homicides in China is scarce, particularly with respect to the offenders' primary motivation for the offence. AIMS: Our aim was to examine how offence characteristics of sexual murderers relate to different primary motivations. METHODS: The offender, victim, and offence characteristics of 67 sexual homicides, derived from police data of three regions and published case reports (1994-2017), were explored and compared according to offenders' primary motivation. RESULTS: Heterosexual sexual homicides were committed by offenders who were mainly driven by power and control, sex, and anger, compared with slightly over half of those who motivated primarily by financial gain. Sexual murderers whose killing was mainly driven by sex, money, and anger were more likely to target strangers, whereas offenders who motivated primarily by power and control were more likely to target an intimate partner. Victim abduction was more frequently seen in offenders who were motivated predominantly by money than other motives. Relative to financial gain as primary motivation, sexual killers who were mainly driven by sex, power and control, and anger were more likely to mutilate their victim. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study adds data to a field rarely studied anywhere and hardly at all in China. Findings may offer some help for criminal investigators who need to prioritise their investigative strategies. Once the individual is convicted and sentenced, they may help direct management and/or therapeutic strategies.

An open letter to the Readers of "Polish Psychiatry". / List otwarty do Czytelników "Psychiatrii Polskiej".

no summary.

Psychological and psychosocial interventions offered to forensic mental health inpatients: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the evidence for the use of psychological and psychosocial interventions offered to forensic mental health inpatients. DESIGN: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases were searched for research published in English between 1 January 1990 and 31 May 2018. OUTCOME MEASURES: Disturbance, mental well-being, quality of life, recovery, violence/risk, satisfaction, seclusion, symptoms, therapeutic relationship and ward environment. There were no limits on the length of follow-up. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies of any psychological or psychosocial intervention in an inpatient forensic setting. Pilot or feasibility studies were included if an RCT design was used.We restricted our search criteria to inpatients in low, medium and high secure units aged over 18. We focused on interventions considered applicable to most patients residing in forensic mental health settings. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. RESULTS: 17 232 citations were identified with 195 full manuscripts examined in detail. Nine papers were included in the review. The heterogeneity of the identified studies meant that meta-analysis was inappropriate. The results were presented in table form together with a narrative synthesis. Only 7 out of 91 comparisons revealed statistically significant results with no consistent significant findings. The most frequently reported outcomes were violence/risk and symptoms. 61% of the violence/risk comparisons and 79% of the symptom comparisons reported improvements in the intervention groups compared with the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Current practice is based on limited evidence with no consistent significant findings. This review suggests psychoeducational and psychosocial interventions did not reduce violence/risk, but there is tentative support they may improve symptoms. More RCTs are required with: larger sample sizes, representative populations, standardised outcomes and control group interventions similar in treatment intensity to the intervention. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42017067099.