Further evidence confirms the association between smoking and dry socket: a motivational opportunity for tobacco cessation.

DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. DATA SOURCES: Electronic search included PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to March 2022 using appropriate keywords. SELECTION CRITERIA: The review included all observational studies (case-control, cohort and cross-sectional studies) published in English after 2000, comparing the prevalence of dry socket between smokers and non-smokers after simple or surgical tooth extraction. Exclusion criteria included patients with other post-extraction complications, prevalence of different risk factors, and unrelated study designs (literature reviews, case reports, expert opinion, and conference reports). DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two independent investigators screened the records (by title, abstract, and full text), and selected the eligible studies according to the predefined criteria. Collected data from each study included author name and country, year of publication, gender and age of patients, smoking status, inclusion and exclusion criteria, medical history and oral hygiene, prevalence of dry socket, type of tooth and extraction technique, symptoms and treatment. Risk of bias was assessed according to the (NHLBI, NIH) Quality Assessment Tool For Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies, while the level of evidence was assessed using the classification of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine levels for diagnosis. Two independent reviewers conducted the assessments, and any disagreements were addressed through discussion. RESULTS: Eleven studies from ten different countries representing a total of 10,195 patients (3007 smokers and 7188 non-smokers) were included in the final analysis. Nine studies were classified as having "good" quality and two as "intermediate," while all of the studies have the third or fourth level of evidence (through 5-graded scale). The prevalence of dry socket in smokers was about 13.2% (95% CI: 5.8-23.1%) and in non-smokers about 3.8% (95% CI: 2.1-6.0%). Meta-analysis showed that regular tobacco smoking was associated a more than 3-fold increase in the odds of dry socket after tooth extraction. CONCLUSION: Despite heterogeneity among the included studies (different age groups and types of teeth extracted), there was a consistent association between cigarette smoking and an elevated risk of developing dry socket post tooth extraction.

Clinical management of alveolar osteitis. A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Alveolar Osteitis (AO) is one of the most common complications of tooth extraction. Several therapeutic interventions have been described for the treatment of AO, however, there are no treatment standardized protocols. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the efficacy in pain control of the different treatments for AO. The feasibility of the application of these interventions is also discussed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A structured electronic and hand search strategy was applied to PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar between January 2010 and July 2020 to identify studies according to PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria were original English and Spanish clinical trials that analyzed pain-control parameters according to visual analog scale (VAS, 0-10 scale), or pain relief patients' percentages. Those treatments that reach VAS ≤ 4 on day 2 or before; or ≥ 85% of patients with absence of pain symptoms at day 7 or before were considered acceptable for their recommendation. RESULTS: The final review included 17 clinical trials. Among them, there were analyzed a total of 39 different AO treatments. 53,8% of the treatments fulfill the proposed parameters for pain control. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment alternatives are multiple, heterogeneous, and difficult to compare. The management of AO is summarized in basic (intra-alveolar irrigation) and specific procedures (Alveogyl®, Neocones®, SaliCept Patch®, Low-Level Laser, Platelet-Rich Fibrin) that reach pain control success. They could be selected according to their availability and advantages or disadvantages.

Retrieval of foreign body from maxillary sinus through extraction socket.

Dry socket or alveolar osteitis is one of the most common complication following tooth extraction. Patients usually reports of pain, which typically starts on third or fourth postoperative day and responds to simple irrigation and placement of zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) pack, which provides an obtundent effect. The pack should be loosely kept in the extraction socket and should be changed periodically to allow healing. This report presents a case of retrieval of foreign body, which actually was a ZOE pack from maxillary sinus, 6 months after the patient underwent extraction of upper left maxillary first molar.

Aplicación de una jalea de caléndula al 1% en pacientes con alveolitis / Application of a 1% calendula jelly in patients with alveolitis

Objetivo: demostrar los beneficios terapéuticos del uso de una jalea de caléndula al 1% en pacientes con alveolitis. Métodos: se realizó una intervención terapéutica en el Policlínico Julián Grimau, provincia Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, entre enero y junio de 2019. Por muestreo no probabilístico se reclutó una muestra de 24 pacientes con diagnóstico de alveolitis seca o húmeda, distribuyéndose en dos grupos: A (control) y B (estudio), los cuales recibieron tratamiento convencional y jalea de caléndula al 1%, respectivamente. Se analizaron las variables: edad, sexo, tipo de alveolitis, tiempo de remisión del dolor y de cicatrización, respuesta al tratamiento (mejorado y no mejorado) y beneficios terapéuticos. Se empleó el porcentaje como medida de resumen y el test estadístico Ji al cuadrado de Independencia con un nivel de significación (a) de 0,05. Resultados: se evidenció un predominio de la alveolitis en pacientes con 19-59 años de edad (50,0%), del sexo femenino (66,7%) y del tipo húmeda (75,0%). En ambos grupos de tratamiento, el mayor porcentaje de los pacientes (17) refirió alivio del dolor a las 48 horas. En el 83,3% de los pacientes, incluidos en el grupo B, se observó menor tiempo de cicatrización. El 100% de los pacientes se categorizó como mejorado. Conclusiones: la jalea de caléndula al 1% resulta beneficiosa, dada su capacidad analgésica y cicatrizante en el tratamiento de pacientes con alveolitis.

Objective: demonstrate the therapeutic benefits of a 1 % calendula jelly in patients with alveolitis. Methods: a therapeutic intervention was carried out at the Julián Grimau Polyclinic, Santiago de Cuba province, Cuba, between January and June 2019. By non-probabilistic sampling, a sample of 24 patients with a diagnosis of dry or wet alveolitis was recruited, distributed in two groups: A (control) and B (study), who received conventional treatment and 1% calendula jelly, respectively. The variables were analyzed: age, sex, type of alveolitis, time of remission of pain and healing, response to treatment (improved and not improved) and therapeutic benefits. The percentage was used as a summary measure and the Chi-square test of Independence with a significance level (a) of 0.05. Results: a predominance of alveolitis was evidenced in patients aged 19-59 years (50.0 %), female (66.7 %) and of the wet type (75.0 %). In both treatment groups, the highest percentage of patients (17) reported pain relief at 48 hours. In 83.3% of the patients included in group B, a shorter healing time was observed. 100 % of the patients categorized as improved. Conclusions: Calendula jelly 1 % is beneficial as an analgesic and healing in the treatment of patients with alveolitis.

The effects of photobiomodulation therapy for treatment of alveolar osteitis (Dry Socket): Systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Dry socket (alveolar osteitis) is one of the most common complications that occur after the extraction of permanent teeth. The aim of this review was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of photobiomodulation (PBT) with other treatment methods on alveolar osteitis. METHODS AND MATERIALS: MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane's CENTRAL online databases were searched based on the search strategy. Also, the prominent laser journals and the references of relevant studies were hand searched for eligible studies and then the data were extracted from the retrieved studies were extracted using piloted custom forms. The data were combined and analyzed using inverse-variance random-effect meta-analysis. RESULTS: For the treatment of dry socket, pain perception based on the VAS score, PBT on average has a 3.41 higher pain level reduction compared to alveogyl which seems to be both statistically and clinically significant. In addition, based on the GRADE score, the evidence seems to be of moderate quality. Also, in the individual studies which were included in this systematic review, PBT seems to be more effective than other methods (Salicept, zinc-oxide eugenol, ozone, and photodynamic therapy) in pain reduction of patients with alveolar osteitis. CONCLUSIONS: PBT, in general, has a higher ability in decreasing pain levels for patients with alveolar osteitis (dry socket) compared to alveogyl. Therefore, PBT could be used as an appropriate method for treatment and controlling the signs of dry socket.

Potential effects of advanced platelet rich fibrin as a wound-healing accelerator in the management of alveolar osteitis: A randomized clinical trial.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to determine whether the use of advanced platelet rich fibrin based on the low speed+ centrifugation concept (A-PRF+) might improve the pain management and healing of delayed wound healing among cases of alveolar osteitis following mandibular third molar extraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patients (N = 40) with a complaint of alveolar osteitis following third molar extractions were divided into two groups: Group I (control; saline only); and Group II (use of A-PRF+). Pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Soft tissue healing was assessed by the modified Index of Landry, Turnbull and Howley and bone density was assessed with the i-Dixel 2.1.8.2 software. Inter-group comparisons were analyzed by means of a student t-test and the Mann Whitney U test to identify group samples. Analysis of variance and the Friedman test were applied for repeated measurements. The Wilcoxon test and Bonferroni's test for multiple comparisons were conducted at the time-factor level. Yates Correction was used to compare qualitative data. RESULTS: In regard to pain, A-PRF+ application demonstrated rapidly and continually reduced pain intensity at each respective time in comparison to the control. Statistically, the healing rates of epithelium and hard tissue were significantly faster in the A-PRF+ application group (p: 0.000, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that A-PRF+ might represent an improved and accelerating therapeutic development for hard and soft tissue healing in management of alveolar osteitis that is also effective in reducing pain.

Edema em lábio superior associado à alveólise de dente decíduo / Edema em lábio superior associado à alveólise de dente decíduo

Introdução: As úlceras traumáticas são caracterizadas por episódios breves e dolorosos, mas podem se tornar crônicas se o agente causador não for eliminado. A alveólise é uma alteração que pode ocorrer durante o processo de reabsorção da raiz do dente decíduo, caracterizada por sua exposição à cavidade bucal, sem reabsorção. Objetivo: Descrever o caso de uma paciente com edema no lábio superior devido à úlcera traumática causada pela exposição do ápice da raiz de um incisivo decíduo. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 5 anos de idade. Após exame clínico, deduziu-se que o edema labial associado com uma úlcera causada pelo contato constante com o ápice do dente que sofreu alveólise. O tratamento consistiu na extração do dente e proservação da úlcera na mucosa labial. A extração favoreceu a erupção do incisivo permanente, permitiu a cicatrização completa da lesão traumática e a remissão do edema no lábio superior. Conclusão: Embora simples, o caso ressalta a necessidade de o profissional reconhecer a alveolise, possíveis complicações associadas e a maneira adequada de tratá-las. Um caso aparentemente complexo foi resolvido simplesmente devido ao diagnóstico e tratamento adequados(AU)

Introducción: Las úlceras traumáticas se caracterizan por episodios breves y dolorosos, pero pueden llegar a ser crónicas si no se elimina el agente causal. La alveólisis es una alteración que puede ocurrir durante el proceso de reabsorción de la raíz del diente primario, caracterizada por su exposición a la cavidad bucal, sin reabsorción. Objetivo: Describir el caso de una paciente con edema en el labio superior debido a la úlcera traumática causada por la exposición del ápice de la raíz de un incisivo primario. Presentación del caso: Paciente del sexo femenino, de 5 años de edad. Después del examen clínico, se dedujo que el edema del labio estaba relacionado con la úlcera causada por el contacto constante con el ápice del diente que ha sufrido alveólisis. El tratamiento consistió en la extracción del diente y preservación de la úlcera en mucosa labial. La extracción favoreció la erupción del incisivo permanente, permitió la curación completa de la lesión traumática y la remisión del edema en el labio superior. Conclusiones: Aunque simple, el caso destaca la necesidad de que el profesional reconozca la alveólisis, posibles enfermedades asociadas y la forma adecuada de tratarlas. Un caso aparentemente complejo se resolvió simplemente debido a un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados(AU)

Introduction: Traumatic ulcers are characterized by short and painful episodes, but can become chronic if the causative agent is not removed. Alveolisis is an alteration that may occur during the primary tooth root resorption process, characterized by its exposure to the oral cavity, without resorption. Objective: To describe the case of a patient with an important edema and associated pain in the upper lip due to traumatic ulcer caused by exposure of the root apex of a primary incisor. Case presentation: Female patient aged 5 years old. After clinical examination, it was deduced that the lip swelling was related to the ulcer that was caused by the constant contact with the apex of the central incisor that has undergone alveolisis. The treatment consisted in the extraction of the tooth and the preservation of the labial mucosa ulcer. The extraction favored the eruption of the permanent incisor, allowed the complete healing of the traumatic lesion and the remission of the upper lip edema. Conclusions: Although simple, the case highlights the need for the professional to recognize the alveolisis and the possible associated complications as well as the appropriate way to manage them. A seemingly complex case was solved simply due to correct diagnosis and treatment(AU)

The Efficiency of Three Irrigating Solutions after Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars: A Cross-sectional Study.

AIM: The present study was conducted to assess the effect of irrigation with three different irrigants, namely normal saline, chlorhexidine, and povidone iodine on pain, alveolar osteitis, swelling, trismus, infection, and food impaction during surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight patients, including 26 males and 22 females, fulfilling criteria for inclusion in this study were divided into three groups: group I where irrigant used was normal saline, group II as chlorhexidine, and group III as povidone iodine group. RESULTS: The pain was significantly more in groups I and III in 24 hours and 7th day as well. Alveolar osteitis was noted in groups III and I, nil in group II. The facial swelling measured in millimeters on 24 hours and on 7th day was significantly higher in 24 hours in groups I and III than in group II. Trismus was significantly more in group I and group III than in group II (with p < 0.01) on 7th day. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that chlorhexidine is effective in reducing pain, alveolar osteitis, swelling, and trismus when used as an irrigant following surgical removal of impacted third molar. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Chlorhexidine as irrigating solution helps in reducing the postoperative consequences after third molar surgery. Further studies are required using large sample size.

Incidence and treatment of complications in patients who had third molars or other teeth extracted.

The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of complications after extraction of third molars (M3) or other teeth, and to describe their management. We made a retrospective cohort study of patients having M3 or other teeth extracted, and recorded complications up to two years' follow-up. A total of 142 complications developed after 2355 procedures (6%) - 7% after extraction of M3 compared with 5% after extractions of other teeth (p=0.024). The three most common complications were wound infection (2%), pain without apparent cause (<1%), and oroantral communication (<1%). Patients who had M3 extracted were at increased risk of complications compared with those who had other teeth extracted (Odds ratio (OR) 1.5, p=0.024), particularly for infection (OR 5.9, p<0.001) and hypoaesthesia (OR 8.4, p=0.027). Half of all patients with a complication were treated with antibiotics orally. The incidence of postoperative bleeding was 0.6% as a result of suboptimal management of antithrombotic drugs in extractions of teeth other than M3. Finally, optimal treatment of the complications was compared with the available evidence. Prevention and treatment of these complications could reduce the incidence, particularly of bleeding.

Evaluation of the Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin on the Alveolar Osteitis Incidence and Periodontal Probing Depth after Extracting Partially Erupted Mandibular Third Molars Extraction.

AIMS: To evaluate whether the alveolar osteitis (AO) incidence after extracting partially erupted third molars differs when platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is administered in the alveolar socket and to assess the influence of PRF on postoperative pain levels and periodontal probing depth. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: In this split-mouth randomized study, 50 patients (17 men/ 33 women; mean age, 23.96 years) with bilateral symmetric partially erupted mandibular third molars were enrolled. MATERIAL AND METHODS: PRF was randomly placed in one extraction socket, whereas the other socket was left empty. A verbal rating scale was used to evaluate postoperative pain levels. AO development was evaluated on the 7th postoperative day. At 3 months postoperatively, periodontal probing depth was measured on the distal surface of the second molars. RESULTS: In total, 8% of patients in the PRF group and 18% of the patients in the control group were diagnosed with AO. None of the smokers in the PRF group and 37.5% smokers in the control group were diagnosed with AO. Mean postoperative pain levels were lower in the PRF group than in the control group at all time points. At 3 months postoperatively, periodontal probing depths were found to be ≤3 mm in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: PRF significantly reduced the AO incidence among smokers and had a positive effect on postoperative pain levels but not on periodontal healing.

An unusual microscopic pattern of foreign body reaction as a complication of dry socket management.

Foreign body reactions in the oral cavity are relatively common, frequently resulting from iatrogenic causes. Depending on the nature of the foreign material, various microscopic patterns may be observed, causing diagnostic difficulties. Recognition of the ensuing unusual microscopic pattern, especially for cases in which the possibility of a foreign body reaction is not entertained in the clinical differential diagnosis, necessitates sufficient degree of suspicion, familiarization with the spectrum of microscopic appearances, and careful clinicopathologic correlation. Medicated dressings of various compositions are commonly placed for prevention or management of dry socket (or alveolar osteitis, a common postoperative complication of tooth extraction) and may be a cause of foreign body reaction. Here, we report a foreign body reaction to a medical dressing material in a postextraction socket, with an unusual microscopic pattern bearing resemblance to parasitic infestation.

Efficacy of different methods used for dry socket management: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Dry socket is one of the most common complications occurring after the extraction of a permanent tooth, but in spite of its high incidence there is not an established treatment for this condition. OBJECTIVES: Analyze the efficacy of different methods used in the management of dry socket regarding results of pain's relief and alveolar mucosa healing compared to conventional surgical treatment of curettage and saline irrigation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A Cochrane and PubMed-MEDLINE database search was conducted with the search terms "dry socket", "post-extraction complications", "alvogyl", "alveolar osteitis" and "fibrynolitic alveolitis", individually and next, using the Boolean operator "AND". The inclusion criteria were: clinical studies including at least 10 patients, articles published from 2004 to 2014 written in English. The exclusion criteria were case reports and nonhuman studies. RESULTS: 11 publications were selected from a total of 627. Three of the 11 were excluded after reading the full text. The final review included 8 articles: 3 prospective studies, 2 retrospective studies and 3 clinical trials. They were stratified according to their level of scientific evidence using the SORT criteria (Strenght of Recommendation Taxonomy). CONCLUSIONS: All treatments included in the review have the aim to relief patient's pain and promote alveolar mucosa healing in dry socket. Given the heterogeneity of interventions and the type of measurement scale, the results are difficult to compare. Curettage and irrigation should be carried out in dry socket, as well as another therapy such as LLLT, zinc oxide eugenol or plasma rich in growth factors, which are the ones that show better results in pain remission and alveolar mucosa healing. Assessment alveolar bone esposure must be a factor to consider in future research. Taking into account the scientific quality of the articles evaluated, a level B recommendation is given for therapeutic interventions proposed for the treatment of dry socket.

Oral and dental health in pregnant women: attitudes among dentists in southeastern Spain.

A study was undertaken to determine the general level of knowledge, attitudes and practices in clinical dental care of pregnant women. This was a transversal descriptive study in the form of a structured and anonymous survey completed by dentists in Murcia (southeast Spain). The questionnaire was sent by e-mail and investigated dentists' knowledge of and attitudes toward different dental procedures applying to pregnant women. The response rate to the questionnaire was 60%. The vast majority of dentists (81.3%) agreed that oral care should be part of general healthcare for pregnant women. However, discrepancies were found in knowledge and attitudes to practice.

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket).

BACKGROUND: Alveolar osteitis (dry socket) is a complication of dental extractions and occurs more commonly in extractions involving mandibular molar teeth. It is associated with severe pain developing 2 to 3 days postoperatively, a socket that may be partially or totally devoid of blood clot and in some patients there may be a complaint of halitosis. It can result in an increase in postoperative visits. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of local interventions for the prevention and treatment of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) following tooth extraction. SEARCH METHODS: The following electronic databases were searched: the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register (to 29 October 2012), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 10), MEDLINE via OVID (1946 to 29 October 2012) and EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 29 October 2012). There were no restrictions regarding language or date of publication. We also searched the reference lists of articles and contacted experts and organisations to identify any further studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials of adults over 18 years of age who were having permanent teeth extracted or who had developed dry socket post-extraction. We included studies with any type of local intervention used for the prevention or treatment of dry socket, compared to a different local intervention, placebo or no treatment. We excluded studies reporting on systemic use of antibiotics or the use of surgical techniques for the management of dry socket because these interventions are evaluated in separate Cochrane reviews. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently undertook risk of bias assessment and data extraction in duplicate for included studies using pre-designed proformas. Any reports of adverse events were recorded and summarised into a table when these were available. We contacted trial authors for further details where these were unclear. We followed The Cochrane Collaboration statistical guidelines and reported dichotomous outcomes as risk ratios (RR) and calculated 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random-effects models. For some of the split-mouth studies with sparse data it was not possible to calculate RR so we calculated the exact odds ratio instead. We used the GRADE tool to assess the quality of the body of evidence. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-one trials with 2570 participants met the inclusion criteria; 18 trials with 2376 participants for the prevention of dry socket and three studies with 194 participants for the treatment of dry socket. The risk of bias assessment identified six studies at high risk of bias, 14 studies at unclear risk of bias and one studies at low risk of bias. When compared to placebo, rinsing with chlorhexidine mouthrinses (0.12% and 0.2% concentrations) both before and after extraction(s) prevented approximately 42% of dry socket(s) with a RR of 0.58 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.78; P < 0.001) (four trials, 750 participants, moderate quality of evidence). The prevalence of dry socket varied from 1% to 5% in routine dental extractions to upwards of 30% in surgically extracted third molars. The number of patients needed to be treated with (0.12% and 0.2%) chlorhexidine rinse to prevent one patient having dry socket (NNT) was 232 (95% CI 176 to 417), 47 (95% CI 35 to 84) and 8 (95% CI 6 to 14) for control prevalences of dry socket of 1%, 5% and 30% respectively.Compared to placebo, placing chlorhexidine gel (0.2%) after extractions prevented approximately 58% of dry socket(s) with a RR of 0.42 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.87; P = 0.02) (two trials, in 133 participants, moderate quality of evidence). The number of patients needed to be treated with chlorhexidine gel to prevent one patient having dry socket (NNT) was 173 (95% CI 127 to 770), 35 (95% CI 25 to 154) and 6 (95% CI 5 to 26) for control prevalences of dry socket of 1%, 5% and 30% respectively.A further 10 intrasocket interventions to prevent dry socket were each evaluated in single studies, and therefore there is insufficient evidence to determine their effects. Five interventions for the treatment of dry socket were evaluated in a total of three studies providing insufficient evidence to determine their effects. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Most tooth extractions are undertaken by dentists for a variety of reasons, however, all but three studies included in the present review included participants undergoing extraction of third molars, most of which were undertaken by oral surgeons. There is some evidence that rinsing with chlorhexidine (0.12% and 0.2%) or placing chlorhexidine gel (0.2%) in the sockets of extracted teeth, provides a benefit in preventing dry socket. There was insufficient evidence to determine the effects of the other 10 preventative interventions each evaluated in single studies. There was insufficient evidence to determine the effects of any of the interventions to treat dry socket. The present review found some evidence for the association of minor adverse reactions with use of 0.12%, 0.2% and 2% chlorhexidine mouthrinses, though most studies were not designed to detect the presence of hypersensitivity reactions to mouthwash as part of the study protocol. No adverse events were reported in relation to the use of 0.2% chlorhexidine gel placed directly into a socket (though previous allergy to chlorhexidine was an exclusion criterion in these trials). In view of recent reports in the UK of two cases of serious adverse events associated with irrigation of dry socket with chlorhexidine mouthrinse, it is recommended that all members of the dental team prescribing chlorhexidine products are aware of the potential for both minor and serious adverse side effects.

Tratamiento de la alveolitis dental con tintura de propóleos al 5 por ciento / Treatment of dental alveolitis with 5 por ciento propolis tincture

Objetivo: comparar la efectividad entre el tratamiento con tintura de propóleos al 5 por ciento y el tratamiento farmacológico convencional en pacientes diagnosticados con alveolitis dental. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte longitudinal de casos y controles en la Clínica Estomatológica José Martí del municipio Consolación del Sur, durante el 2009. El universo estuvo constituido por 90 pacientes, los cuales se dividieron en dos grupos de tratamiento diferentes de manera aleatoria, teniendo en cuenta un grupo de casos (grupo I) conformado por 30 pacientes a los que se les aplicó tratamiento con tintura de propóleos al 5 por ciento, y otro grupo de controles (grupo II) con 60 pacientes tratados con la terapéutica medicamentosa convencional. Para el procesamiento de los datos se utilizaron métodos de estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: en ambos grupos de tratamiento prevaleció el sexo femenino y hubo un predominio de la alveolitis en el grupo de edad entre los 46 y 60 años. El grupo I logró la remisión de los síntomas entre el segundo (36,6 por ciento) y el tercer días de tratamiento (60 por ciento) y solo un paciente requirió tratamiento por 5 días; mientras el grupo II requirió de un mayor período para la evolución del cuadro, entre 5 y 7 días de tratamiento para un 61,3 por ciento (27 pacientes) y 23,3 por ciento (14 pacientes). Conclusiones: el tratamiento con tintura de propóleos al 5 por ciento resultó altamente efectivo, pues aportó una remisión más notoria de los síntomas, ya que se observó una disminución de estos, así como la disminución del número de sesiones necesarias, lo que permite recomendarlo como una opción terapéutica adecuada.

Objective: to compare the effectiveness of 5 percent propolis tincture and of the conventional pharmacological treatment in patients diagnosed with dental alveolitis. Methods: a longitudinal, descriptive and prospective case-control study was carried out in Jose Martí dental clinic located in Consolación del Sur municipality, Pinar del Río province in 2009. The universe of study was 90 patients who were divided into two groups randomly and differently treated, that is, one group of cases (group 1) made up of 30 patients who were treated with 5 percent propolis tincture and the other of controls with 60 patients (group II) that followed conventional drug therapy The data processing was based on summary and inference statistics Results: Females prevailed in both groups and dental alveolitis was predominant in 46-60 y age group. The Group I exhibited remission of symptoms after the second(36.6 percent) and the third day (60 percent) of treatment and just one patient required treatment for 5 days, whereas Group II needed a longer treatment, from 5 to 7 days for 61,3 percent(27 patients) and 23,3 percent (14 patients) respectively. Conclusions: the 5 percent propolis tincture treatment proved to be highly effective since it attained remarkable remission of symptoms as well as the reduction of the number of therapeutic sessions required, all of which supports the recommendation of this product as an adequate therapeutic alternative

[Alveolitis: review of the literature]. / Les alvéolites: revue de littérature.

Alveolitis are infectious complications following the dental extraction. They appear under two forms: dry, characterized by a painful syndrome and uninhabited alveolus, and suppurative, which becomes identified by provoked pain and alveolus filled. Their etiopathogenesis remain a subject of interrogation because of the rarity of studies concerning this complication. Nevertheless, treatment is mainly favorable by a sedation of the pain and the startup of a physiological healing. From this article, we are going to review their clinical forms, their etiology as well as the followed treatment.