Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 347
Filter
1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(19)2020 Oct 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33023038

ABSTRACT

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) plays an important role in plant stress responses. Here, five FaG6PDH sequences were obtained in strawberry, designated as FaG6PDH-CY, FaG6PDH-P1, FaG6PDH-P1.1, FaG6PDH-P2 and FaG6PDH-P0, which were divided into cytosolic (CY) and plastidic (P) isoforms based on the bioinformatic analysis. The respective FaG6PDH genes had distinct expression patterns in all tissues and at different stages of fruit development. Notably, FaG6PDH-CY was the most highly expressed gene among five FaG6PDH members, indicating it encoded the major G6PDH isoform throughout the plant. FaG6PDH positively regulated cold tolerance in strawberry. Inhibition of its activity gave rise to greater cold-induced injury in plant. The FaG6PDH-CY transcript had a significant increase under cold stress, similar to the G6PDH enzyme activity, suggesting a principal participant in response to cold stress. Further study showed that the low-temperature responsiveness (LTR) element in FaG6PDH-CY promoter can promote the gene expression when plant encountered cold stimuli. Besides, FaG6PDH-CY was involved in regulating cold-induced activation of antioxidant enzyme genes (FaSOD, FaCAT, FaAPX and FaGR) and RBOH-dependent ROS generation. The elevated FaG6PDH-CY enhanced ROS-scavenging capability of antioxidant enzymes to suppress ROS excessive accumulation and relieved the oxidative damage, eventually improving the strawberry resistance to cold stress.


Subject(s)
Cold-Shock Response/genetics , Fragaria/genetics , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Cytosol/enzymology , Fragaria/enzymology , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Oxidation-Reduction
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(8)2020 Apr 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32326520

ABSTRACT

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most frequent human enzymopathy, affecting over 400 million people globally. Worldwide, 217 mutations have been reported at the genetic level, and only 19 have been found in Mexico. The objective of this work was to contribute to the knowledge of the function and structure of three single natural variants (G6PD A+, G6PD San Luis Potosi, and G6PD Guadalajara) and a double mutant (G6PD Mount Sinai), each localized in a different region of the three-dimensional (3D) structure. In the functional characterization of the mutants, we observed a decrease in specific activity, protein expression and purification, catalytic efficiency, and substrate affinity in comparison with wild-type (WT) G6PD. Moreover, the analysis of the effect of all mutations on the structural stability showed that its presence increases denaturation and lability with temperature and it is more sensible to trypsin digestion protease and guanidine hydrochloride compared with WT G6PD. This could be explained by accelerated degradation of the variant enzymes due to reduced stability of the protein, as is shown in patients with G6PD deficiency.


Subject(s)
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/enzymology , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/genetics , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates/chemistry , Catalysis , Circular Dichroism , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/metabolism , Guanidine , Humans , Kinetics , Mexico , Models, Molecular , Mutagenesis, Site-Directed , Mutation , Protein Stability , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Software , Temperature , Trypsin/chemistry
3.
Int J Mol Sci ; 20(6)2019 Mar 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30889888

ABSTRACT

Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) (EC 1.1.1.363) is a crucial regulatory enzyme in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway that provides reductive potential in the form of NADPH, as well as carbon skeletons for the synthesis of macromolecules. In this study, we report the cloning, expression, and characterization of G6PD (SpG6PD1) from a lichen-associated psychrophilic bacterium Sphingomonas sp. PAMC 26621. SpG6PD1 was expressed in Escherichia coli as a soluble protein, having optimum activity at pH 7.5⁻8.5 and 30 °C for NADP⁺ and 20 °C for NAD⁺. SpG6PD1 utilized both NADP⁺ and NAD⁺, with the preferential utilization of NADP⁺. A high Km value for glucose 6-phosphate and low activation enthalpy (ΔH‡) compared with the values of mesophilic counterparts indicate the psychrophilic nature of SpG6PD1. Despite the secondary structure of SpG6PD1 being maintained between 4⁻40 °C, its activity and tertiary structure were better preserved between 4⁻20 °C. The results of this study indicate that the SpG6PD1 that has a flexible structure is most suited to a psychrophilic bacterium that is adapted to a permanently cold habitat.


Subject(s)
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Sphingomonas/enzymology , Amino Acid Sequence , Cloning, Molecular , Enzyme Stability/drug effects , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Ions , Kinetics , Metals/pharmacology , Spectrum Analysis , Temperature , Thermodynamics
4.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 119: 926-936, 2018 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30096395

ABSTRACT

The deficiency of glucose­6­phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is one of the most common inborn errors of metabolism worldwide. This congenital disorder generally results from mutations that are spread throughout the entire gene of G6PD. Three single-point mutations for G6PD have been reported in the Mexican population and named Veracruz (Arg365His), G6PD Seattle (Asp282His), and G6PD Mexico DF (Thr65Ala), whose biochemical characterization have not yet been studied. For this reason, in this work we analyzed the putative role of the three mutations to uncover the functional consequences on G6PD activity. To this end, was developed a method to clone, overexpress, and purify recombinant human G6PD. The results obtained from all variants showed a loss of catalysis by 80 to 97% and had a decrease in affinity for both physiological substrates with respect to the wild type (WT) G6PD. Our results also showed that the three mutations affected three-dimensional structure and protein stability, suggesting an unstable structure with low conformational stability that affected its G6PD functionality. Finally, based on the biochemical characterization of the unclassified G6PD Mexico DF, we suggest that this variant could be grouped as a Class I variant, because biochemical data are similar with other Class I G6PDs.


Subject(s)
Cloning, Molecular , Genetics, Population , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Mutation , Circular Dichroism , Enzyme Activation , Enzyme Stability , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Humans , Kinetics , Mexico , Models, Molecular , Protein Conformation , Recombinant Proteins , Structure-Activity Relationship , Thermodynamics
5.
J Biochem Mol Toxicol ; 32(9): e22193, 2018 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29992784

ABSTRACT

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) play an important function in various biochemical processes as they generate reducing power of the cell. Thus, metabolic reprogramming of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) homeostasis is reported to be a vital step in cancer progression as well as in combinational therapeutic approaches. In this study, N-benzoylindoles 9a--9d, which form the main framework of many natural indole derivatives such as indomethacin and N-benzoylindoylbarbituric acid, were synthesized through three easy and effective steps as an in vitro inhibitor effect of G6PD and 6PGD. The N-benzoylindoles inhibited the enzymatic activity with IC50 in the range of 3.391505 µM for G6PD and 2.19-990 µM for 6PGD.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Erythrocytes/enzymology , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Indoles/pharmacology , Models, Molecular , Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism , Binding Sites , Binding, Competitive , Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Chromatography, Affinity , Drug Design , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Enzyme Activators/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Activators/chemistry , Enzyme Activators/metabolism , Enzyme Activators/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Indoles/chemical synthesis , Indoles/chemistry , Indoles/metabolism , Kinetics , Molecular Structure , NADP/chemistry , NADP/metabolism , Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Rats , Structural Homology, Protein , Transition Temperature
6.
Protein Expr Purif ; 142: 53-61, 2018 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28986240

ABSTRACT

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) (EC 1.1.1.363) plays an important role in the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa because it generates NADPH, an essential cofactor for several biosynthetic pathways and antioxidant enzymes. P. aeruginosa G6PDH is also a key enzyme in the metabolism of various carbon sources, such as glucose, glycerol, fructose, and mannitol. Understanding the kinetic characteristics and mechanisms that control the activity of this enzyme is crucial for future studies in this context. However, one of the impediments to achieving this goal is the limited amount of protein obtained when current purification protocols are implemented, a factor curtailing its biochemical characterization. In this study, we report a fast, efficient and reproducible procedure for the purification of P. aeruginosa G6PDH that can be implemented in a short period (2 days). In order to establish this protocol, the zwf gene, which encodes for this enzyme, was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli cells. In contrast to other procedures, our method is based on protein precipitation with CaCl2 and further purification by ion exchange chromatography. Using this protocol, we were able to obtain 31 mg/L of pure protein that manifested specific activity of 145.7 U/mg. The recombinant enzyme obtained in this study manifested similar physicochemical and kinetic properties to those reported in previous works for this molecule. The large quantities of active enzyme obtained using this procedure will facilitate its structural characterization and identify differences between P. aeruginosa- and human G6PDH, thus contributing to the search for selective inhibitors against the bacterial enzyme.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Cloning, Molecular/methods , Glucose/metabolism , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics , NADP/biosynthesis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/chemistry , Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Calcium Chloride/chemistry , Chemical Precipitation , Chromatography, Ion Exchange , Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Gene Expression , Genetic Engineering , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Plasmids/chemistry , Plasmids/metabolism , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzymology , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
7.
Int J Mol Sci ; 18(11)2017 Oct 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29072585

ABSTRACT

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a key regulatory enzyme that plays a crucial role in the regulation of cellular energy and redox balance. Mutations in the gene encoding G6PD cause the most common enzymopathy that drives hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. To gain insights into the effects of mutations in G6PD enzyme efficiency, we have investigated the biochemical, kinetic, and structural changes of three clinical G6PD variants, the single mutations G6PD A+ (Asn126AspD) and G6PD Nefza (Leu323Pro), and the double mutant G6PD A- (Asn126Asp + Leu323Pro). The mutants showed lower residual activity (≤50% of WT G6PD) and displayed important kinetic changes. Although all Class III mutants were located in different regions of the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme and were not close to the active site, these mutants had a deleterious effect over catalytic activity and structural stability. The results indicated that the G6PD Nefza mutation was mainly responsible for the functional and structural alterations observed in the double mutant G6PD A-. Moreover, our study suggests that the G6PD Nefza and G6PD A- mutations affect enzyme functions in a similar fashion to those reported for Class I mutations.


Subject(s)
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/genetics , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Mutation , Alleles , Amino Acid Substitution , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Humans , Kinetics , Models, Molecular , Mutagenesis , Protein Conformation , Protein Stability , Recombinant Proteins/chemistry , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification , Spectrum Analysis , Thermodynamics
8.
J Biochem Mol Toxicol ; 31(9)2017 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28557068

ABSTRACT

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first enzyme on which the pentose phosphate pathway was checked. In this study, purification of a G6PD enzyme was carried out by using rat erythrocytes with a specific activity of 13.7 EU/mg and a yield of 67.7 and 155.6-fold by using 2',5'-ADP Sepharose-4B affinity column chromatography. For the purpose of identifying the purity of enzyme and molecular mass of the subunit, a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was carried out. The molecular mass of subunit was calculated 56.5 kDa approximately. Then, an investigation was carried out regarding the inhibitory effects caused by various metal ions (Fe2+ , Pb2+ , Cd2+ , Ag+ , and Zn2+ ) on G6PD enzyme activities, as per Beutler method at 340 nm under in vitro conditions. Lineweaver-Burk diagrams were used for estimation of the IC50 and Ki values for the metals. Ki values for Pb+2 , Cd+2 , Ag+ , and Zn+2 were 113.3, 215.2, 19.4, and 474.7 µM, respectively.


Subject(s)
Erythrocytes/enzymology , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Metals/chemistry , Animals , Chromatography, Affinity/methods , Rats
9.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol ; 101(7): 2831-2842, 2017 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27966048

ABSTRACT

Cofactor F420, a 5-deazaflavin involved in obligatory hydride transfer, is widely distributed among archaeal methanogens and actinomycetes. Owing to the low redox potential of the cofactor, F420-dependent enzymes play a pivotal role in central catabolic pathways and xenobiotic degradation processes in these organisms. A physiologically essential deazaflavoenzyme is the F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (FGD), which catalyzes the reaction F420 + glucose-6-phosphate → F420H2 + 6-phospho-gluconolactone. Thereby, FGDs generate the reduced F420 cofactor required for numerous F420H2-dependent reductases, involved e.g., in the bioreductive activation of the antitubercular prodrugs pretomanid and delamanid. We report here the identification, production, and characterization of three FGDs from Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 (Rh-FGDs), being the first experimental evidence of F420-dependent enzymes in this bacterium. The crystal structure of Rh-FGD1 has also been determined at 1.5 Å resolution, showing a high similarity with FGD from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) (Mtb-FGD1). The cofactor-binding pocket and active-site catalytic residues are largely conserved in Rh-FGD1 compared with Mtb-FGD1, except for an extremely flexible insertion region capping the active site at the C-terminal end of the TIM-barrel, which also markedly differs from other structurally related proteins. The role of the three positively charged residues (Lys197, Lys258, and Arg282) constituting the binding site of the substrate phosphate moiety was experimentally corroborated by means of mutagenesis study. The biochemical and structural data presented here provide the first step towards tailoring Rh-FGD1 into a more economical biocatalyst, e.g., an F420-dependent glucose dehydrogenase that requires a cheaper cosubstrate and can better match the demands for the growing applications of F420H2-dependent reductases in industry and bioremediation.


Subject(s)
Flavins/metabolism , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Rhodococcus/enzymology , Riboflavin/analogs & derivatives , Binding Sites , Biocatalysis , Biodegradation, Environmental , Catalytic Domain , Crystallization , Crystallography, X-Ray , Escherichia coli/genetics , Glucose-6-Phosphate/metabolism , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Industrial Microbiology/methods , Kinetics , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/enzymology , Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Protein Conformation , Recombinant Proteins/chemistry , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Riboflavin/metabolism , Substrate Specificity
10.
J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem ; 31(sup1): 141-147, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27143114

ABSTRACT

The inhibitory effects of methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI), diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and metilendifosfonat (MDP) on human erythrocyte glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (hG6PD) activity were investigated. For this purpose, hG6PD was initially purified 557-fold at a yield of 51.43% using 2',5'-adenosine diphosphate (ADP) sepharose 4B affinity gel chromatography. The in vitro effects of these chelators on hG6PD enzyme were studied. IC50 values of MIBI, DTPA, DMSA and MDP were 0.056, 0.172, 0.274 and 0.175 mM, of hG6PD, respectively. It was detected in in vitro studies that the hG6PD enzyme is inhibited due to these radiopharmaceutical chelators. In addition to in vitro studies, in order to better understand the molecular mechanism of studied compounds, combined in silico approaches, including molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD), simulations were successfully performed. MD simulations shed light on inhibition mechanisms of the individual inhibitors into the ligand-binding pocket of hG6PD. Essential amino acids for binding are also investigated using per-residue interaction analysis studies.


Subject(s)
Chelating Agents/chemistry , Chelating Agents/pharmacology , Computer Simulation , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Organotechnetium Compounds/chemistry , Chelating Agents/chemical synthesis , Chromatography, Affinity , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Molecular Structure , Organotechnetium Compounds/isolation & purification , Structure-Activity Relationship
11.
Mol Genet Metab ; 118(2): 84-91, 2016 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27053284

ABSTRACT

Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an X-linked hereditary genetic defect that is the most common polymorphism and enzymopathy in humans. To investigate functional properties of two clinical variants, G6PDViangchan and G6PDViangchan+Mahidol, these two mutants were created by overlap-extension PCR, expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. We describe an overexpression and purification method to obtain substantial amounts of functionally active protein. The KM for G6P of the two variants was comparable to the KM of the native enzyme, whereas the KM for NADP(+) was increased 5-fold for G6PDViangchan and 8-fold for G6PDViangchan+Mahidol when compared with the native enzyme. Additionally, kcat of the mutant enzymes was markedly reduced, resulting in a 10- and 18-fold reduction in catalytic efficiency for NADP(+) catalysis for G6PDViangchan and G6PDViangchan+Mahidol, respectively. Furthermore, the two variants demonstrated significant reduction in thermostability, but similar susceptibility to trypsin digestion, when compared with the wild-type enzyme. The presence of NADP(+) is shown to improve the stability of G6PD enzymes. This is the first report indicating that protein instability and reduced catalytic efficiency are responsible for the reduced catalytic activity of G6PDViangchan and G6PDViangchan+Mahidol and, as a consequence, contribute to the clinical phenotypes of these two clinical variants.


Subject(s)
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/enzymology , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Mutant Proteins/chemistry , Mutant Proteins/genetics , Biocatalysis , Circular Dichroism , Enzyme Stability , Erythrocytes/enzymology , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/genetics , Humans , Kinetics , Mutant Proteins/isolation & purification , Mutation , Protein Structure, Secondary , Temperature , Trypsin/chemistry
12.
Exp Parasitol ; 165: 7-15, 2016 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26968775

ABSTRACT

Trypanosoma evansi is a monomorphic protist that can infect horses and other animal species of economic importance for man. Like the bloodstream form of the closely related species Trypanosoma brucei, T. evansi depends exclusively on glycolysis for its free-energy generation. In T. evansi as in other kinetoplastid organisms, the enzymes of the major part of the glycolytic pathway are present within organelles called glycosomes, which are authentic but specialized peroxisomes. Since T. evansi does not undergo stage-dependent differentiations, it occurs only as bloodstream forms, it has been assumed that the metabolic pattern of this parasite is identical to that of the bloodstream form of T. brucei. However, we report here the presence of two additional enzymes, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and PPi-dependent pyruvate phosphate dikinase in T. evansi glycosomes. Their colocalization with glycolytic enzymes within the glycosomes of this parasite has not been reported before. Both enzymes can make use of PEP for contributing to the production of ATP within the organelles. The activity of these enzymes in T. evansi glycosomes drastically changes the model assumed for the oxidation of glucose by this parasite.


Subject(s)
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP)/metabolism , Pyruvate, Orthophosphate Dikinase/metabolism , Trypanosoma/enzymology , Animals , Digitonin/pharmacology , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Glycolysis , Hexokinase/isolation & purification , Hexokinase/metabolism , Horses , Indicators and Reagents/pharmacology , Malate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Malate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Mice , Microbodies/enzymology , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Permeability/drug effects , Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP)/genetics , Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP)/isolation & purification , Phosphoglycerate Kinase/isolation & purification , Phosphoglycerate Kinase/metabolism , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/isolation & purification , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/metabolism , Pyruvate, Orthophosphate Dikinase/isolation & purification , Rabbits , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Trypanosoma/drug effects
13.
J Biochem Mol Toxicol ; 30(6): 295-301, 2016 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26820767

ABSTRACT

The present study was aimed to investigate characterization and purification of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and glutathione reductase from rat heart and the inhibitory effect of three drugs. The purification of the enzymes was performed using 2',5'-ADP sepharose 4B affinity material. The subunit and the natural molecular weights were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration. Biochemical characteristics such as the optimum temperature, pH, stable pH, and salt concentration were examined for each enzyme. Types of product inhibition and Ki values with Km and Vmax values of the substrates and coenzymes were determined. According to the obtained Ki and IC50 values, furosemide, digoxin, and dopamine showed inhibitory effect on the enzyme activities at low millimolar concentrations in vitro conditions. Dopamine inhibited the activity of these enzymes as competitive, whereas furosemide and digoxin inhibited the activity of the enzyme as noncompetitive.


Subject(s)
Digoxin/chemistry , Dopamine/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Furosemide/chemistry , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Glutathione Reductase/isolation & purification , Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Animals , Binding, Competitive , Enzyme Assays , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Glutathione Reductase/antagonists & inhibitors , Glutathione Reductase/chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Kinetics , Male , Molecular Weight , Myocardium/chemistry , Myocardium/enzymology , Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Protein Binding , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Substrate Specificity , Temperature
14.
J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem ; 31(6): 1342-8, 2016 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26758606

ABSTRACT

G6PD, 6PGD and GR have been purified separately in the single step from rat lung using 2', 5'-ADP Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The purified enzymes showed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The molecular weights of the enzymes were estimated to be 134 kDa for G6PD, 107 kDa for 6PGD and 121 kDa for GR by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration chromatography, and the subunit molecular weights was respectively found to be 66, 52 and 63 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Optimum pH, stable pH, optimum ionic strength, optimum temperature, KM and Vmax values for substrates were determined. Product inhibition studies were also performed. The enzymes were inhibited by levofloxacin, furosemide, ceftazidime, cefuroxime and gentamicin as in vitro with IC50 values in the range of 0.07-30.13 mM. In vivo studies demonstrated that lung GR was inhibited by furosemide and lung 6PGD was inhibited by levofloxacin.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Glutathione Reductase/isolation & purification , Lung/enzymology , Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Animals , Chromatography, Gel , Chromatography, Ion Exchange , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Glutathione Reductase/antagonists & inhibitors , Glutathione Reductase/metabolism , Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
15.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol ; 176(6): 1596-612, 2015 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25987135

ABSTRACT

Remaining cells of Candida guilliermondii cultivated in hemicellulose-based fermentation medium were used as intracellular protein source. Recovery of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was attained in conventional aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) was compared with integrated process involving mechanical disruption of cells followed by ATPS. Influences of polyethylene glycol molar mass (M PEG) and tie line lengths (TLL) on purification factor (PF), yields in top (Y T ) and bottom (Y B ) phases and partition coefficient (K) were evaluated. First scheme resulted in 65.9 % enzyme yield and PF of 2.16 in salt-enriched phase with clarified homogenate (M PEG 1500 g mol(-1), TLL 40 %); Y B of 75.2 % and PF B of 2.9 with unclarified homogenate (M PEG 1000 g mol(-1), TLL 35 %). The highest PF value of integrated process was 2.26 in bottom phase (M PEG 1500 g mol(-1), TLL 40 %). In order to optimize this response, a quadratic model was predicted for the response PFB for process integration. Maximum response achieved was PFB = 3.3 (M PEG 1500 g mol(-1), TLL 40 %). Enzyme characterization showed G6P Michaelis-Menten constant (K M ) equal 0.07-0.05, NADP(+) K M 0.02-1.98 and optimum temperature 70 °C, before and after recovery. Overall, our data confirmed feasibility of disruption/extraction integration for single-step purification of intracellular proteins from remaining yeast cells.


Subject(s)
Candida , Fungal Proteins , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase , Models, Chemical , Oryza/chemistry , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Candida/enzymology , Candida/growth & development , Fungal Proteins/biosynthesis , Fungal Proteins/chemistry , Fungal Proteins/isolation & purification , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/biosynthesis , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification
16.
Protein J ; 34(3): 193-204, 2015 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25980795

ABSTRACT

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a key regulatory enzyme involved in the pentose phosphate pathway. This works represents purification of two buffalo liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases (BLG6PD1 and BLG6PD2) using combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and several chromatographic columns. Both enzymes (BLG6PD1 and BLG6PD2) were homogenous on both native PAGE as well as 12% SDS PAGE with molecular weights of 28 and 66 kDa. The molecular weight of BLG6PD1 and BLG6PD2 native forms were determined to be 28 and 66 kDa by gel filtration; indicating monomeric proteins. The K(m) values for BLG6PD1 and BLG6PD2 estimated to be 0.059 and 0.06 mM of ß-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. The optimum activity of BLG6PD1 and BLG6PD2 were displayed at pH 8.0 and 8.2 with an isoelectric point (pI) of pH 7.7-7.9 and 5.7-5.9. The divalent cations MgCl2, and CoCl2 act as activators, on the other hand, FeCl2, CuCl2 and ZnCl2 are potent inhibitors of BLG6PD1 and BLG6PD2 activity. NADPH inhibited both isoenzymes competitively with Ki values of 0.012 and 0.030 mM. This study describes a reproducible purification scheme of G6PD from the liver of buffalo as a rich source.


Subject(s)
Buffaloes , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Liver/enzymology , Animals , Chlorides/chemistry , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Isoenzymes , NADP/chemistry
17.
FEBS Lett ; 589(10): 1105-11, 2015 Apr 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25836736

ABSTRACT

The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP), catalyzing the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate to ribulose-5-phosphate is ubiquitous in eukarya and bacteria but has not yet been reported in archaea. In haloarchaea a putative 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) is annotated, whereas a gene coding for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Glc6PDH) could not be identified. Here we report the purification and characterization of a novel type of Glc6PDH in Haloferax volcanii that is not related to bacterial and eukaryal Glc6PDHs and the encoding gene is designated as azf (archaeal zwischenferment). Further, recombinant H. volcanii 6PGDH was characterized. Deletion mutant analyses indicate that both, Glc6PDH and 6PGDH, are functionally involved in pentose phosphate formation in vivo. This is the first report on the operation of the OPPP in the domain of archaea.


Subject(s)
Archaeal Proteins , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase , Haloferax volcanii/enzymology , Haloferax volcanii/genetics , Pentose Phosphate Pathway/physiology , Archaeal Proteins/chemistry , Archaeal Proteins/genetics , Archaeal Proteins/isolation & purification , Archaeal Proteins/metabolism , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
18.
Toxicol Ind Health ; 31(5): 403-11, 2015 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23363574

ABSTRACT

Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (d-glucose 6-phosphate: NADP(+) oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49; G6PD) is a key enzyme that is localized in all mammal tissues, especially in cytoplasmic sections and that catalyzes the first step of pentose phosphate metabolic pathway. In this study, G6PD enzyme was purified 1444-fold with a yield of 77% from rainbow trout liver using 2',5'-ADP-sepharose-4B affinity chromatography. Moreover, a purity check of the enzyme was performed with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Some characteristic features like optimal pH, stable pH, optimal temperature and optimal ionic strength were determined for the purified enzyme. In addition to this, in vitro effects of ions like silver nitrate (Ag(+)), thallium sulphate (TI(+)), cobalt (II) nitrate (Co(2+)) and arsenic (V) oxide (As(5+)) on enzyme activity were researched. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Ag(+), Co(2+) and As(5+) metal ions, which showed an inhibitory effect, were found to be 0.0044, 0.084 and 4.058 mM, respectively; and their inhibition constants (K i) were found to be 0.0052 ± 0.00042, 0.087 ± 0.015700 and 4.833 ± 1.753207 mM, respectively. Tl(+) not exhibited inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity.


Subject(s)
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Liver/enzymology , Oncorhynchus mykiss/metabolism , Animals , Arsenic/metabolism , Chromatography, Affinity , Cobalt/metabolism , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Fish Proteins/chemistry , Fish Proteins/isolation & purification , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Ions , Osmolar Concentration , Silver Nitrate/metabolism , Temperature , Thallium/metabolism
19.
J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem ; 29(5): 728-32, 2014 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24506203

ABSTRACT

Inhibitory effects of some synthesized dihydroxycoumarin compounds on purified G6PD were investigated. For this purpose, initially human erythrocyte G6PD was purified 7069-fold in a yield of 33.6% by using ammonium sulfate precipitation and affinity chromatography which includes 2',5'-ADP Sepharose 4B. The purified enzyme showed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Enzyme activity was determined spectrophotometrically according to Beutler method at 340 nm. 6,7-Dihydroxy-3-(2-methylphenyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (OPC), 6,7-dihydroxy-3-(3-methylphenyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (MPC) and 6,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (PPC) were used as dihydroxycoumarin compounds. This study has demonstrated that G6PD activity is very highly sensitive to study coumarin derivatives.


Subject(s)
Coumarins/chemistry , Coumarins/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Erythrocytes/enzymology , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Coumarins/chemical synthesis , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Humans , Kinetics , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Structure-Activity Relationship
20.
Protein J ; 32(7): 585-92, 2013 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24146346

ABSTRACT

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) catalyzes the first step of the pentose phosphate pathway. In erythrocytes, the functionality of the pathway is crucial to protect these cells against oxidative damage. G6PD deficiency is the most frequent enzymopathy in humans with a global prevalence of 4.9 %. The clinical picture is characterized by chronic or acute hemolysis in response to oxidative stress, which is related to the low cellular activity of G6PD in red blood cells. The disease is heterogeneous at genetic level with around 160 mutations described, mostly point mutations causing single amino acid substitutions. The biochemical studies aimed to describe the detrimental effects of mutations on the functional and structural properties of human G6PD are indispensable to understand the molecular physiopathology of this disease. Therefore, reliable systems for efficient expression and purification of the protein are highly desirable. In this work, human G6PD was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography in a single chromatographic step. The structural and functional characterization indicates that His-tagged G6PD resembles previous preparations of recombinant G6PD. In contrast with previous protein yield systems, our method is based on commonly available resources and fully accessible laboratory equipment; therefore, it can be readily implemented.


Subject(s)
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/isolation & purification , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism , Chromatography, Affinity , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Histidine , Humans , Protein Stability , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL