Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y los estados de ánimo en estudiantes de instituciones educativas de Antioquia, Colombia / Quality of life related to the health and mood states of students in educational institutions from Antioquia, Colombia / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e ao humor em estudantes de instituições de ensino em Antioquia, Colômbia

Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y los estados de ánimo son indicadores cruciales del bienestar en adolescentes, pero su relación con estudiantes de Antioquia, Colombia, no ha sido ampliamente estudiada. Objetivo: Determinar la CVRS y los estados de ánimo en escolares de Antioquia-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con 1957 escolares de 9 a 20 años. Se aplicaron mediciones de CVRS, ansiedad, depresión, hostilidad y alegría, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario, apoyo social de padres y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: La calidad de vida alta (CVA) es más elevada en hombres, personas con alegría, estudiantes con apoyo de padres, activos físicamente y personas de nivel socioeconómico alto y medio. AL aumentar un año de edad, disminuye en un 15 % la CVA, y al aumentar la depresión, la ansiedad y el comportamiento sedentario disminuye la CVA. Además, los niveles de depresión y ansiedad son mayores en mujeres, estudiantes mayores, sin apoyo de los padres y personas sedentarias. Conclusiones: La CVRS se asocia con estados de ánimo, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y apoyo de los padres; mientras que los estados de ánimo se asocian con el sexo, el apoyo de los padres, la CVS y el sedentarismo.

Introduction: Even though health-related quality of life (HRQL) and mood states are key indicators of the well-being of adolescents, their relationship has not been analyzed in students from Antioquia, Colombia. Objective: To determine HRQL and mood states in schoolchildren from Antioquia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,957 schoolchildren and adolescents aged between 9 and 20 years. Measurements of HRQL, anxiety, depression, hostility and happiness, physical activity, sedentary behavior, parental social support, and socioeconomic status were applied. Results: A high quality of life (HQL) was observed more frequently in male participants, students with parental support, physically active, and those belonging to medium and high socioeconomic status. HQL decreased 15% as their age increased by one year. Also, HQL was reduced when depression, anxiety, and sedentary behavior increased. Furthermore, depression and anxiety levels were higher in women, older students, as well as in those without parental control and with sedentary behavior. Conclusions: HRQL is associated with mood states, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and parental support. In contrast, mood states are related to gender, parental support, HQL, and sedentary lifestyle.

Introdução: A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (CVRS) e os estados de humor são indicadores cruciais de bem-estar em adolescentes, mas sua relação com estudantes de Antioquia, Colômbia, não foi amplamente estudada. Objetivo: Determinar a CVRS e os estados de humor em escolares de Antioquia-Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal com 1.957 escolares de 9 a 20 anos. Foram aplicadas medidas de QVRS, ansiedade, depressão, hostilidade e felicidade, atividade física, comportamento sedentário, apoio social dos pais e nível socioeconômico. Resultados: A alta qualidade de vida (CVA) é maior em homens, pessoas com alegria, estudantes com apoio parental, fisicamente ativos e pessoas de nível socioeconômico alto e médio. À medida que a idade aumenta em um ano, diminui em 15% o CVA, e ao aumentar a depressão, a ansiedade e o comportamento sedentário aumentam, o CVA diminui. Além disso, os níveis de depressão e ansiedade são mais elevados nas mulheres, nos estudantes mais velhos, sem apoio dos pais e nas pessoas sedentárias. Conclusões: A QVRS está associada a estados de humor, atividade física, comportamento sedentário e apoio parental; enquanto os estados de humor estão associados ao sexo, apoio parental, CVS e estilo de vida sedentário.

The Need to Widen the Concept of Health and to Include the Spiritual Dimension.

For many, the World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of health does not reflect their own understanding of health, because it lacks aspects such as spiritual wellbeing. Responding to these concerns, the WHO called in 2023 for a vision of health that integrates physical, mental, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and social wellbeing. To date, medical practitioners are often reluctant to consider spiritual aspects, because of a perceived lack of statistical evidence about the strength of relations. Research on this topic is emerging. A recent study among 800 young people living with HIV in Zimbabwe showed how study participants navigated three parallel, at times contradicting health systems (religious, traditional, medical). Conflicting approaches led to multifaceted dilemmas (= spiritual struggles), which were significantly related to poorer mental and physical health. This illustrates the need for inclusion of spiritual aspects for health and wellbeing in research, and of increased collaboration between all stakeholders in healthcare.

Pregnane X Receptor Signaling Pathway and Vitamin K: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance in Human Health.

This review explores the likely clinical impact of Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) activation by vitamin K on human health. PXR, initially recognized as a master regulator of xenobiotic metabolism in liver, emerges as a key regulator influencing intestinal homeostasis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy. The activation of PXR by vitamin K highlights its role as a potent endogenous and local agonist with diverse clinical implications. Recent research suggests that the vitamin K-mediated activation of PXR highlights this vitamin's potential in addressing pathophysiological conditions by promoting hepatic detoxification, fortifying gut barrier integrity, and controlling pro-inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. PXR activation by vitamin K provides an intricate association with cancer cell survival, particularly in colorectal and liver cancers, to provide new insights into potential novel therapeutic strategies. Understanding the clinical implications of PXR activation by vitamin K bridges molecular mechanisms with health outcomes, further offering personalized therapeutic approaches for complex diseases.

Classification of laryngeal diseases including laryngeal cancer, benign mucosal disease, and vocal cord paralysis by artificial intelligence using voice analysis.

Voice change is often the first sign of laryngeal cancer, leading to diagnosis through hospital laryngoscopy. Screening for laryngeal cancer solely based on voice could enhance early detection. However, identifying voice indicators specific to laryngeal cancer is challenging, especially when differentiating it from other laryngeal ailments. This study presents an artificial intelligence model designed to distinguish between healthy voices, laryngeal cancer voices, and those of the other laryngeal conditions. We gathered voice samples of individuals with laryngeal cancer, vocal cord paralysis, benign mucosal diseases, and healthy participants. Comprehensive testing was conducted to determine the best mel-frequency cepstral coefficient conversion and machine learning techniques, with results analyzed in-depth. In our tests, laryngeal diseases distinguishing from healthy voices achieved an accuracy of 0.85-0.97. However, when multiclass classification, accuracy ranged from 0.75 to 0.83. These findings highlight the challenges of artificial intelligence-driven voice-based diagnosis due to overlaps with benign conditions but also underscore its potential.

Light exposure and its applications in human health.

Light exposure has been proven to have a significant impact on human health. As a result, researchers are increasingly exploring its potential benefits and drawbacks. With advancements in understanding light and the manufacturing of light sources, modern health lighting has become widely utilized in daily life and plays a critical role in the prevention and treatment of various illnesses. The use of light in healthcare is a global trend, with many countries actively promoting the development and application of relevant scientific research and medical technology. This field has gained worldwide attention and support from scientists and doctors alike. In this review, we examine the application of lighting in human health and recent breakthroughs in light exposure related to pathology, therapeutic strategies, molecular changes, and more. Finally, we also discuss potential future developments and areas of application.

O uso das mídias digitais como ferramenta de divulgação científica sobre atividade física e saúde / The use of digital media as a tool for scientific dissemination on physical activity and health

Understanding the digital environment as an important space to enhance interaction with scientific communication and the society, since the beginning of its activities, the 2020­2022 board of the Brazilian Society of Physical Activity and Health (SBAFS) intensified its participation in social media. This essay describes the structuring and planning processes, as well as the progression of the work carried out on social networks at SBAFS. In this way, we can highlight the creation of a team of voluntary collaborators to work on social media (page and electronic address, ®Facebook, ®Instagram, ®Twitter and ®Youtube), based on continuous planning and work plan, focused on the strategic dissemination of knowledge, advances and interactions with people interested in the different subjects that permeate the topic of physical activity and health. On ®Instagram, due to the greater frequency of content posted, the increase in the number of followers and, consequently, interactions were notable. ®Twitter also showed impressive results, with a 23.2% increase in profile visits and an 18.8% increase in impressions in the number of views ("tweets"). Due to the work car-ried out, the spread of SBAFS actions among people interested in the subject increased considerably. This can be explained because, with the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, we saw the emergence of digital interactions and, therefore, greater engagement with the profile content was identified. Such information confirms the usefulness of social networks as a tool for scientific dissemination in a fast, dynamic, widely accessible, attractive, interactive, and practical way

Compreendendo o ambiente digital como um importante espaço para aumentar a interação com comunicação científica e aproximação entre as pessoas, desde o início de suas atividades, a gestão 2020­22 da Sociedade Brasileira de Atividade Física e Saúde (SBAFS) intensificou sua participação nas redes sociais. O presente ensaio descreve os processos de estruturação e planejamento, assim como a progressão do trabalho desenvolvido nas redes sociais da SBAFS. Dessa forma, pode-se destacar a criação de uma equipe de colaboradoras volun-tárias para o trabalho nas mídias sociais (página e endereço eletrônicos, ®Facebook, ®Instagram, ®Twitter e ®Youtube), partindo-se de planejamento e plano de trabalho contínuo, centrados na disseminação estratégica dos conhecimentos, avanços e interações com pessoas interessadas nos distintos assuntos que permeiam o tema atividade física e saúde. No ®Instagram, a partir da maior frequência de conteúdos postados, foi notável o au-mento no número de seguidores, e, consequentemente, de interações. O ®Twitter também apresentou resultados expressivos, com um aumento de 23,2% de visitas ao perfil e 18,8% de impressões na quantidade de visuali-zações ("tweets"). Devido ao trabalho desenvolvido, aumentou-se consideravelmente a capilarização das ações da SBAFS entre as pessoas interessadas sobre o assunto. Isso pode ser explicado, pois, com o início da pandemia da COVID-19, viu-se a emergência das interações por meio digital e, por isso, foi identificado um maior en-gajamento com o conteúdo do perfil. Tais informações ratificam a utilidade das redes sociais como instrumento de divulgação científica de forma rápida, dinâmica, amplamente acessível, atrativa, interativa e prática.

Effects of 15-minutes physical exercise on physical fitness of adolescents: A protocol study / Efeitos de 15 minutos de exercícios físicos na aptidão física de adolescentes: Estudo de protocolo

Overweight, obesity, and low physical fitness (PF) are conditions associated with physical and mental health problems in children and adolescents. Schools and physical education (PE) classes provide ideal environments for promoting physical exercise, improving levels of PF, and preventing obesity in this population. This article outlines the protocol of an experimental study whose primary objective is to assess the effects of a 15-minute physical exercise program implemented during elementary school physical education classes on PF and anthropometric markers of overweight and obesity (AMOO). Enrolled students in 6th to 9th-grade classes within rural elementary schools located in a Southern city in Brazil will participate of the study. The participants will be randomized into the intervention group and control group. The intervention will last for 12 weeks with two sessions per week. Various components of PF and AMOO will be the primary dependent variables. Physical activity level, rec-reational screen time, sleep duration, physical self-concept, motivation for participating in PE classes, symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress will be secondary dependent variables. Sociodemographic information and somatic maturation will serve as covariates. All variables will be measured pre and post-intervention. The study's findings will contribute to a better understanding of the potential of school PE classes to improve PF, AMOO, and, secondarily, health-related behaviors, motivation for participating in PE classes, and the mental health of students

O sobrepeso, a obesidade e a baixa aptidão física (ApF) são condições associadas à problemas de saúde física e mental em crianças e adolescentes. A escola e as aulas de educação física (EF) são ambientes propícios para a promoção do exercício físico e a melhoria dos níveis de ApF e prevenção de obesidade nesta população. Este artigo descreve o protocolo de um estudo experimental que tem como objetivo primário identificar os efeitos de um programa de 15 minutos de exercícios físicos realizados durante as aulas de EF na ApF e em indicadores antropométricos de sobrepeso e obesidade (IASO) de escolares. Participarão do estudo escolares do 6° ao 9° ano de ambos os sexos de escolas da zona rural de uma cidade do sul do Brasil. Os participantes serão randomizados em grupo intervenção e grupo controle. A intervenção terá duração de 12 semanas com duas sessões semanais. Diferentes componentes da ApF e IASO serão variáveis dependentes primárias. O nível de atividade física, tempo recreativo de tela, tempo de sono, autoconceito físico, motivação para a participação nas aulas de EF, sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e estresse serão variáveis dependentes secundárias. Informações sociodemográficas e maturação somática serão covariáveis. Todas variáveis serão medidas pré e pós intervenção. O resultado do estudo contribuirá para a melhor compreensão do potencial das aulas de EF escolar para a melhoria da APF, de IASO e, de forma secundária, em comportamentos relacionados à saúde, na motivação para participação nas aulas de EF e na saúde mental de estudantes.

Reporting Health Consequences of War in Medical Journals: First, Do No Harm.

This Viewpoint suggests that medical and public health journals should publish articles focused singularly on health without political bias when reporting on the health consequences of war.

Net benefit of smaller human populations to environmental integrity and individual health and wellbeing.

Introduction: The global human population is still growing such that our collective enterprise is driving environmental catastrophe. Despite a decline in average population growth rate, we are still experiencing the highest annual increase of global human population size in the history of our species-averaging an additional 84 million people per year since 1990. No review to date has accumulated the available evidence describing the associations between increasing population and environmental decline, nor solutions for mitigating the problems arising. Methods: We summarize the available evidence of the relationships between human population size and growth and environmental integrity, human prosperity and wellbeing, and climate change. We used PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to identify all relevant peer-reviewed and gray-literature sources examining the consequences of human population size and growth on the biosphere. We reviewed papers describing and quantifying the risks associated with population growth, especially relating to climate change. Results: These risks are global in scale, such as greenhouse-gas emissions, climate disruption, pollution, loss of biodiversity, and spread of disease-all potentially catastrophic for human standards of living, health, and general wellbeing. The trends increasing the risks of global population growth are country development, demographics, maternal education, access to family planning, and child and maternal health. Conclusion: Support for nations still going through a demographic transition is required to ensure progress occurs within planetary boundaries and promotes equity and human rights. Ensuring the wellbeing for all under this aim itself will lower population growth and further promote environmental sustainability.

The relationship between sense of coherence and emotional intelligence as individual health assets for mental health promotion in students and healthcare professionals: a scoping review.

Introduction: Workplace Mental health promotion in healthcare sector, is a global priority due to the stress associated with caregiving environments and the increase of mental health problems among health professionals and students. The role of emotional intelligence (EI) and sense of coherence (SOC) have been identified as critical health protectors. However, the relationship between them as well as the underlying mechanisms of these relationships on health benefits in this population is still unclear. Aim: To synthetize the existing literature on the relationship between emotional intelligence and sense of coherence, as well as their mutual impact on healthcare workers' and student's well-being. Method: A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in PsyCINFO, CINHAL, SCOPUS and PUBMED databases, using key-terms such as students, health professionals, emotional intelligence, and sense of coherence. Results: A total of 11 articles were included, with a range of years from 2014 to 2022. Evidence was found to support the positive relationship between sense of coherence and emotional intelligence. The use of EI as a training pathway to improve SOC and health promoting behaviors is suggested. The benefits of intervening on these factors contribute to improved health professionals' and students' general well-being and motivation for a better performance, either in their studies or clinical work. Conclusion: The positive relationship between emotional intelligence and a sense of coherence has direct and indirect benefits on students' and healthcare professionals' well-being. Future studies should address longitudinal and experimental analysis to confirm these findings.

A concerted neuron-astrocyte program declines in ageing and schizophrenia.

Human brains vary across people and over time; such variation is not yet understood in cellular terms. Here we describe a relationship between people's cortical neurons and cortical astrocytes. We used single-nucleus RNA sequencing to analyse the prefrontal cortex of 191 human donors aged 22-97 years, including healthy individuals and people with schizophrenia. Latent-factor analysis of these data revealed that, in people whose cortical neurons more strongly expressed genes encoding synaptic components, cortical astrocytes more strongly expressed distinct genes with synaptic functions and genes for synthesizing cholesterol, an astrocyte-supplied component of synaptic membranes. We call this relationship the synaptic neuron and astrocyte program (SNAP). In schizophrenia and ageing-two conditions that involve declines in cognitive flexibility and plasticity1,2-cells divested from SNAP: astrocytes, glutamatergic (excitatory) neurons and GABAergic (inhibitory) neurons all showed reduced SNAP expression to corresponding degrees. The distinct astrocytic and neuronal components of SNAP both involved genes in which genetic risk factors for schizophrenia were strongly concentrated. SNAP, which varies quantitatively even among healthy people of similar age, may underlie many aspects of normal human interindividual differences and may be an important point of convergence for multiple kinds of pathophysiology.