ABSTRACT
The development and production of secondary metabolites from priceless medicinal plants are restricted by drought stress. Mentha pulegium L. belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is a significant plant grown in the Mediterranean region for its medicinal and aesthetic properties. This study investigated the effects of three polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0, 5, and 10%) as a drought stress inducer and four silicon nanoparticle (SiNP) (0, 25, 50, and 100 ppm) concentrations as an elicitor to overcome the adverse effect of drought stress, on the growth parameters and bioactive chemical composition of M. pulegium L. plants grown in vitro. The experiment was performed as a factorial experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 12 treatments with two factors (3 PEG × 4 SiNPs concentrations), 6 replicates were used for each treatment for a total of 72 experimental units.The percentage of shoot formation was inversely proportional to the PEG concentration; for the highest PEG concentration, the lowest percentage of shoot formation (70.26%) was achieved at 10% PEG. SiNPs at 50 ppm enhanced shoot formation, the number of shoots, shoot height, fresh and dry weight, rosmarinic acid, total phenols, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. The methanol extract from M. pulegium revealed the presence of significant secondary metabolites using gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GC-MS). The principal constituents of the extract were limonene (2.51, 2.99%), linalool (3.84, 4.64%), geraniol (6.49, 8.77%), menthol (59.73, 65.43%), pulegone (3.76, 2.76%) and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester or methyl palmitate (3.2, 4.71%) for the 0 ppm SiNPs, PEG 0% and 50 ppm SiNPs, and PEG 10%, respectively. Most of the chemical components identified by GCâMS in the methanol extract were greater in the 50 ppm SiNP and 10% PEG treatment groups than in the control group. SiNP improves drought tolerance by regulating biosynthesis and accumulating some osmolytes and lessens the negative effects of polyethylene glycol-induced drought stress.Based on the results, the best treatment for most of the parameters was 50 ppm SiNPs combined with 10% PEG, the morphological and chemical characteristics were inversely proportional to the PEG concentration, as the highest PEG concentration (10%) had the lowest results. Most parameters decreased at the highest SiNP concentration (100 ppm), except for the DPPH scavenging percentage, as there was no significant difference between the 50 and 100 ppm SiNPs.
Subject(s)
Droughts , Mentha pulegium , Nanoparticles , Silicon , Mentha pulegium/chemistry , Mentha pulegium/metabolism , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Silicon/metabolism , Silicon/pharmacology , Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry , Polyethylene Glycols/pharmacology , Antioxidants/metabolism , Stress, Physiological , Acyclic Monoterpenes/metabolismABSTRACT
This study concentrates on assessing the insecticidal attributes of the γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles derived from the remnants of Mentha pulegium, which include essential oil, ethanolic extract, and plant waste. The synthesis of the γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles was executed using a direct sol-gel procedure, affirming the crystal structure according to extensive physicochemical analyses such as UV-Vis, XRD, FTIR, and SEM. Evaluation of the insecticidal activity in vitro was conducted against Xylosandrus crassiusculus, a pest that infests carob wood, utilizing strains from diverse forests in the Khenifra region, situated in the Moroccan Middle Atlas. The lethal doses 50 ranged from 40 mg/g to 68 mg/g, indicating moderate effectiveness compared to the commercial insecticide Permethrin. Optimization of the conditions for the efficiency of the γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles was determined using experimental plans, revealing that time, humidity, and temperature were influential factors in the lethal dose 50 of these nanomaterials. Moreover, this study encompasses the establishment of correlations using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Ascending Hierarchical Classification (AHC) among various geographic, biological, and physical data, amalgamating geographic altitude and γ-Al2O3 nanoparticle insecticide parameters, as well as the attributes of the mechanical tests conducted on the carob wood affected by insects. The correlations highlight the close connections between the effectiveness of the insecticide, mountain altitude, and the mechanical parameters that were examined. Ultimately, these nanoparticles demonstrate promising potential as alternative insecticides, thus opening up encouraging prospects for safeguarding against carob wood pests.
Subject(s)
Coleoptera , Galactans , Insecticides , Mannans , Mentha pulegium , Nanoparticles , Plant Gums , Weevils , Animals , Insecticides/pharmacology , Insecticides/chemistry , Mentha pulegium/chemistryABSTRACT
The aim of present work was to study the essential oil chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of cultivated Mentha pulegium L. under different plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bradyrhizobium sp. and Sinorhizobium meliloti) individually and in consortium. Yield, in plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. and S. meliloti in consortium, increase significantly relative to control plants. GC and GC/MS analyses pointed to a qualitative and quantitative variability of components. The investigated essential oils were clustered into three chemotypes: piperitenone/1,8-cineol (40.9/29.4 %) chemotype in plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. individually, S. meliloti individually, and Bradyrhizobium sp. and S. meliloti in consortium, piperitone/menthone (41.8/33.8 %) chemotype in plants inoculated with P. fluorescens individually, P. fluorescens and Bradyrhizobium sp. in consortium, and P. fluorescens and S. meliloti in consortium and pulegone/menthol (47.9/31.5 %) chemotype in control plants. The antimicrobial activity, carried out by the disc diffusion method and the determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against ten microorganisms, varied significantly according to the tested microorganism and the rhizobacterial species used individually or in consortium (inhibition zone: 8.5-33.5â mm; MIC: 0.25-2.5â µL/mL). Our findings provided useful indications to select interesting chemotype within M. pulegium, especially in perspective of its cultivation.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Mentha pulegium , Mentha , Oils, Volatile , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Mentha pulegium/chemistry , Eucalyptol , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Mentha/chemistryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Topical drug delivery using nanoemulsions and nanogels is a promising approach to treating skin disorders such as melanoma. METHODS: In this study, the chemical composition of Mentha pulegium essential oil with five major compounds, including pulegone (68.11%), l-menthone (8.83%), limonene (2.90%), iso-pulegone (2.69%), and iso-menthone (1.48%) was first identified using GC-MS (Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) analysis. Afterward, a nano-scaled emulsion containing the essential oil with a droplet size of 7.70 ± 1 nm was prepared. Nanogel containing the essential oil was then prepared by adding (2% w/v) carboxymethyl cellulose to the nano-scaled emulsion. Moreover, the successful loading of M. pulegium essential oil in the nano-scaled emulsion and nanogel was confirmed using ATR-FTIR (Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier Transform InfraRed) analysis. Then, human A375 melanoma cells were treated with different concentrations of samples, the MTT assay evaluated cell viability, and cell apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry. In addition, the expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes, including Bax and Bcl-2, was evaluated using the qPCR (quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique. RESULTS: The results showed that cell viability was reduced by 90 and 45% after treatment with 300 µg/mL of the nanogel and nano-scaled emulsion. As confirmed by flow cytometry, this effect was mediated by apoptosis. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 genes. Therefore, the prepared nanogel, with high efficacy, could be considered a potent anticancer agent for supplementary medicine and in vivo research.
Subject(s)
Melanoma , Mentha pulegium , Oils, Volatile , Humans , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Mentha pulegium/chemistry , Nanogels , Emulsions , bcl-2-Associated X Protein , Genes, Regulator , Melanoma/drug therapy , ApoptosisABSTRACT
Today, the increasing use of chemical preservatives in foods is considered one of the main problems in food industries. This study aimed to produce the pasteurised Doogh (Iranian yogurt drink) containing a nanoemulsion of essential oil (EO) with appropriate quality. A factorial test based on a completely randomised design with two treatments in three levels, including EO type (pennyroyal, Gijavash, and their equal combination) and a control sample was applied to assess the physicochemical and sensory properties of Doogh. The highest negative zeta potential and antioxidant activity percentage were observed in the sample containing the nanoemulsion of pennyroyal and enriched with a combination of two essential oils. The microbial evaluation results indicated that the total microorganism count was minimised in the Doogh containing the nanoemulsion of Gijavash. The nanoemulsions of pennyroyal and Gijavash can be added into Doogh formulation to produce a new product with maximum sensory acceptability.
Subject(s)
Food Preservatives , Mentha pulegium , Oils, Volatile , Yogurt , Antioxidants/chemistry , Iran , Mentha pulegium/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Emulsions , Food Preservatives/chemistryABSTRACT
Herein, the chemical profiles of the essential oils and volatiles obtained from the aerial parts of Mentha pulegium L. (Lamiaceae) are reported respectively using microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) and headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) approaches associated to gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) quantification. Using MAHD-GC-MS and HS-SPME-GC-MS techniques, 30 and 28 constituents were screened in the essential oils and volatiles of M. pulegium L. aerial parts with high prevalence of oxygenated monoterpenes and non-terpene hydrocarbons, respectively. Accordingly, in the characterized chemical profiles, carvone was found to constitute about 56.0% of the oil using the former technique (MAHD), whereas oleic acid (20.1%), carvone (17.7%) along with limonene (16.1%) were found as the major constituent components of the volatile profile using the latter approach (SPME). The two methods might be used in combination to obtain a wider set of information about the chemical composition of one specific plant sample.
Subject(s)
Lamiaceae , Mentha pulegium , Oils, Volatile , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods , Solid Phase Microextraction/methods , Mentha pulegium/chemistry , Microwaves , Plant Components, Aerial/chemistryABSTRACT
Multiple biological functions of Mentha pulegium extract were evaluated in the current work. Phytochemical components of the M. pulegium extract were detected by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, M. pulegium extract was estimated for antioxidant potential by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging, antimicrobial activity by well diffusion, and anticoagulant activity via prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). GC-MS analysis detected compounds including cholesterol margarate, stigmast-5-en-3-ol, 19-nor-4-androstenediol, androstan-17-one, pulegone-1,2-epoxide, isochiapin B, dotriacontane, hexadecanoic acid and neophytadiene. Chrysoeriol (15.36 µg/mL) was followed by kaempferol (11.14 µg/mL) and 7-OH flavone (10.14 µg/mL), catechin (4.11 µg/mL), hisperdin (3.05 µg/mL), and luteolin (2.36 µg/mL) were detected by HPLC as flavonoids, in addition to ferulic (13.19 µg/mL), cinnamic (12.69 µg/mL), caffeic (11.45 µg/mL), pyrogallol (9.36 µg/mL), p-coumaric (5.06 µg/mL) and salicylic (4.17 µg/mL) as phenolics. Antioxidant activity was detected with IC50 18 µg/mL, hemolysis inhibition was recorded as 79.8% at 1000 µg/mL, and PT and APTT were at 21.5 s and 49.5 s, respectively, at 50 µg/mL of M. pulegium extract. The acute toxicity of M. pulegium extract was recorded against PC3 (IC50 97.99 µg/mL) and MCF7 (IC50 80.21 µg/mL). Antimicrobial activity of M. pulegium extract was documented against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonasaureus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but not against black fungus Mucor circinelloides. Molecular docking was applied using MOE (Molecular Operating Environment) to explain the biological activity of neophytadiene, luteolin, chrysoeriol and kaempferol. These compounds could be suitable for the development of novel pharmacological agents for treatment of cancer and bacterial infections.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Mentha pulegium , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/chemistry , Hemolysis , Hemolytic Agents , Kaempferols , Luteolin , Mentha pulegium/chemistry , Molecular Docking Simulation , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: An attempt was made in the current study to develop a natural mosquito larvicide using nanotechnology. METHODS: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing three essential oils were first prepared using the high-pressure homogenizer. Larvicidal effects of essential oils and the SLNs against Anopheles stephensi were then compared. RESULTS: The size of SLN containing Mentha longifolia, Mentha pulegium, Zataria multiflora essential oil was obtained as 105 ± 7, 210 ± 4, and 137 ± 8 nm. Their zeta potentials were - 7.8, - 4.7, and - 9.7 mV. Besides, their efficacy with LC50 values of 24.79, 5.11, and 9.19 µg/mL was significantly more potent than that of their un-formulated essential oils with LC50 values of 36.2, 27.55, and 33.33 µg/mL. CONCLUSION: SLNs containing M. pulegium with the best efficacy (P < 0.05) could be considered as potent larvicides against other important species of mosquitoes and field trials.
Subject(s)
Anopheles , Insecticides , Lamiaceae , Oils, Volatile , Animals , Insecticides/pharmacology , Lamiaceae/chemistry , Larva , Liposomes , Mentha/chemistry , Mentha pulegium/chemistry , Mosquito Vectors , Nanoparticles , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Oils/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation from aerial parts of Mentha pulegium L. (M. pulegium L.) and Artemisia herba alba (A. herba alba) Asso. and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector chromatograpy (GC-FID) and gaz chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activities of the oils were determined by the disk diffusion method and a microdilution broth assay against six bacteria stains. The combinations of these essential oils with antibiotics were evaluated against two multi-drug-resistant bacteria strains: imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (IRAB S3310) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA S19). The chemical analysis of M. pulegium essential oil revealed the presence of pulegone (74.8%) and neoisomenthol (10.0%). A. herba alba essential oil was characterized by camphor (32.0%), α-thujone (13.7%), 1,8-cineole (9.8%), ß-thujone (5.0%), bornéol (3.8%), camphene (3.6%), and p-cymene (2.1%). All strains tested except Pseudomonas aeruginosa were susceptible to these oils. The combinations of essential oils with antibiotics exerted synergism, antagonism, or indifferent effects. The best effect was observed with A. herba alba essential oil in association with cefoxitin (CX) against MRSA S19. However, for IRAB S3310, the strongest synergistic effect was observed with M. pulegium in association with amikacin (AK). This study demonstrated that M. pulegium and A. herba alba essential oils have antibacterial activities which could be potentiated by antibiotics especially in the case of IRAB S3310.
Subject(s)
Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Artemisia/chemistry , Imipenem/pharmacology , Mentha pulegium/chemistry , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Oils/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The adulticidal, larvicidal, and repellent effects of Cupressus sempervirens, Mentha pulegium, and their combination (C. sempervirens and M. pulegium) against Hyalomma scupense were investigated, as well as their putative mode of action. The evaluation on H. scupense was performed with the adult immersion test at concentrations ranging from 2.5-20 mg/mL and the larval packet test from 0.625 to 20 mg/mlL. The same concentrations were used for combined oils. Essential oils were obtained using hydrodistillation and then analyzed using GC-MS. The following major components were identified: α-pinene (56.89 %) and δ-3-Carene (15.61 %) for C. sempervirens, while pulegone (70.50 %) and cis-Menthone (18.26 %) for M. pulegium. At 20 mg/mL concentration, C. sempervirens had (94.40 %) acaricide action and inhibited the egg from hatching, however at 10 mg/mL, it had 100 % larvicidal activity. Adulticidal and larvicidal activities of M. pulegium oil reached to 87.19 % and 81.02 % respectively, at 20 mg/mL concentration. The highest acaricidal property against H. scupense was exhibited by combination oils with minimum LC50 values of 1.76 mg/mL on adultes and 0.60 mg/mL on larvae. The repellent activities were 100, 95.80 and 100 %, at the 20 mg/mL concentration used in 6 h, for C. sempervirens, M. pulegium and mixture oil respectively. Our findings revealed that the mixture of C. sempervirens and M. pulegium, at the ratio 1:1 (v: v) of each oil, showed high synergistic effect (SF > 1) and the use of combination oil (C. sempervirens 50 %: M. pulegium 50 %) is more toxic against H.scupense. Furthermore, the volatile oils examined revealed significant inhibition of H.scupense acetylcholinesterase activity AChE. Based on the findings of the present framework, these essential oils have the potential to be applied as substitute for synthetic acaricides in the management of H.scupense bovine ticks.
Subject(s)
Acaricides , Cupressus , Ixodidae , Mentha pulegium , Oils, Volatile , Ticks , Acaricides/pharmacology , Acetylcholinesterase , Animals , Cattle , Cholinesterase Inhibitors , Mentha pulegium/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Mint species (Lamiaceae family) have been used as traditional remedies for the treatment of several diseases. In this work, we aimed to characterize the biological activities of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Mentha pulegium L. extracts collected from two different regions of Tunisia. The highest amounts of total phenols (74.45 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (28.87 ± 0.02 mg RE/g DW), and condensed tannins (4.35 ± 0.02 mg CE/g DW) were found in the Bizerte locality. Methanolic leaf extracts were subjected to HPLC-UV analysis in order to identify and quantify the phenolic composition. This technique allowed us to identify seven phenolic compounds: two phenolic acids and five flavonoid compounds, such as eriocitrin, hesperidin, narirutin, luteolin, and isorhoifolin, which were found in both extracts with significant differences between samples collected from the different regions (p < 0.05). Furthermore, our results showed that the methanolic extract from leaves collected from Bizerte had the highest antioxidant activities (DPPH IC50 value of 16.31 µg/mL and 570.08 µmol Fe2+/g, respectively). Both extracts showed high radical-scavenging activity as well as significant antimicrobial activity against eight tested bacteria. The highest antimicrobial activities were observed against Gram-positive bacteria with inhibition zone diameters and MIC values ranging between 19 and 32 mm and 40 and 160 µg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, at 10 µg/mL, the extract had a significant effect on cell proliferation of U87 human glioblastoma cells. These findings open perspectives for the use of Mentha pulegium L. extract in green pharmacy, alternative/complementary medicine, and natural preventive therapies for the development of effective antioxidant, antibacterial, and/or antitumoral drugs.
Subject(s)
Mentha pulegium/chemistry , Phytochemicals/chemistry , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Biological Products/chemistry , Biological Products/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Flavonoids , Humans , Phenols , TunisiaABSTRACT
Following the previous findings reported by the present authors on the anthelmintic effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of Mentha pulegium, the volatile constituents of M. pulegium are now assessed in the present study by exploring its anthelmintic and its antioxidant proprieties using in vitro and in vivo assays. Egg hatch assay (EHA) and adult worm's motility assays (AWMA) were used to assess the in vitro activity against Haemonchus. contortus. The in vivo anthelmintic potential was evaluated in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus using faecal egg count reduction (FECR) and total worm count reduction (TWCR). M. pulegium EO demonstrated 100% inhibition in the EHA at 200 µg/mL (IC50 = 56.36 µg/mL). In the AWM assay, EO achieved total worms paralysis 6 h after treatment exposure. This nematicidal effect was associated to morphological damages observed in the cuticular's worm using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). At 400 mg/kg, M. pulegium oil showed 75.66% of FECR and 80.23% of TWCR. The antioxidant potential of this plant was also monitored by several in vitro assays: total antioxidant capacity was 205.22 mg GAE/g DW, DPPH quenching effect was IC50 = 140 µg/mL, ABTS activity IC50 = 155 µg/mL and FRAP effect of 660 µg/mL. Regarding the in vivo assay, M. pulegium EO demonstrated a protective effect against oxidative stress by increasing the activity of the endogenous antioxidants (SOD, CAT and GPx) during H. polygyrus infection.
Subject(s)
Anthelmintics/pharmacology , Mentha pulegium/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Animals , Anthelmintics/analysis , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Antioxidants/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Haemonchiasis/drug therapy , Haemonchiasis/parasitology , Haemonchus/drug effects , Mice , Oils, Volatile/analysis , Oils, Volatile/therapeutic use , Ovum/drug effects , Parasite LoadABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to investigate the micromorphology of Mentha pulegium leaves and flowers harvested in three different Sicilian (Italy) areas with peculiar pedo-climatic conditions, and to characterize the phytochemical profile, the phytotoxic activity, and the eco-compatibility of their essential oils (EOs) for potential use as safe bioherbicides. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) highlighted that M. pulegium indumentum consists of non-glandular and glandular trichomes of different types. Peltate trichomes of plants from the different sites showed few significant differences in dimension and abundance, but they were characterized by a surprisingly high number of secretory cells both in leaves and flowers. Phytochemical analyses showed that oxygenated monoterpenes were the most abundant class in all the EOs investigated (92.2-97.7%), but two different chemotypes, pulegone/isomenthone and piperitone/isomenthone, were found. The complex of morphological and phytochemical data indicates that soil salinity strongly affects the expression of the toxic metabolite pulegone, rather than the EO yield. Phytotoxicity tests showed a moderate activity of EOs against the selected species as confirmed by α-amylase assay. Moreover, the low toxicity on brine shrimp provided a rationale for the possible use of investigated EOs as eco-friendly herbicides.
Subject(s)
Economics , Mentha pulegium/chemistry , Animals , Artemia , Flowers/anatomy & histology , Flowers/ultrastructure , Geography , Italy , Mentha pulegium/anatomy & histology , Mentha pulegium/ultrastructure , Oils, Volatile/analysis , Oils, Volatile/economics , Phytochemicals/toxicity , Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology , Plant Leaves/ultrastructure , Sus scrofa , Toxicity Tests , alpha-Amylases/antagonists & inhibitors , alpha-Amylases/metabolismABSTRACT
Perennial plant Mentha pulegium L. (pennyroyal, Lamiaceae) can be found in Europe and Mediterranean. In areas where it thrives, M. pulegium is used in nutrition and as medicinal plant. Essential oil of M. pulegium is also a frequent constituent of foods and fragrances, because of mint-like odor. Regarding the use of M. pulegium in traditional medicine and nutrition, as well as fact that essential oils are potential sources of bioactive components, this study was conducted to examine the chemical composition of essential oil of M. pulegium wild growing in Bosnia and Herzegovina and its biological activity. The chemical profile testing was made using GC/MS and GC/FID technique. Potential of cholinesterase inhibition was tested by Ellman's assay. The antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH and FRAP assay. The dominant components in analyzed oil were pulegone 54.4 %, p-menthone 14.0 % and piperitenone 12.8 %. Good antioxidant activity and moderate cholinesterase inhibition potential of tested essential oil indicates to possibility of its use in treatment of diseases related to free radicals, Alzheimer disease and as lipid protecting antioxidant.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Mentha pulegium/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism , Animals , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Biphenyl Compounds/antagonists & inhibitors , Butyrylcholinesterase/metabolism , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/chemistry , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Electrophorus , Horses , Molecular Structure , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification , Picrates/antagonists & inhibitors , Stereoisomerism , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Our study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant properties, antibacterial and antifungal activities, anti-inflammatory properties, and chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs), total phenol, and total flavonoid of wild Mentha pulegium L. This study also determined the mineral (nutritional and toxic) elements in the plant. The EOs were extracted using three techniques-hydro distillation (HD), steam distillation (SD), and microwave-assisted distillation (MAD)-and were analyzed using chromatography coupled with flame ionization (GC-FID) and gas chromatography attached with mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS). The antioxidant effects of the EOs were tested with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), while the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the EO and methanolic extract were tested using Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Twenty-six compounds were identified in the essential oil, representing 97.73% of the total oil, with 0.202% yield. The major components were pulegone (74.81%), menthone (13.01%) and piperitone (3.82%). Twenty-one elements, including macro- and micro-elements (Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sr, Th, U and Zn), were detected using neutron activation analysis (INAA) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), with the concentration of mineral element close to the FAO recommendation. The results show that the EOs and extracts from Mentha pulegium L. had significant antimicrobial activities against the microorganisms, including five human pathogenic bacteria, one yeast (Candida albicans), and one phytopathogenic fungi. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of the leaf extracts were confirmed. The results indicate that the EOs and extracts from Mentha pulegium L. have promising applications in the pharmaceutical industries, clinical applications, and in medical research.
Subject(s)
Flavonoids/chemistry , Mentha pulegium/chemistry , Minerals/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Polyphenols/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Cyclohexane Monoterpenes/chemistry , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Humans , Male , Menthol/chemistry , Mice , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacologyABSTRACT
This study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of Mentha spicata L. and Mentha pulegium L. from Sardinia and to assess their efficacy on virulence factors for Candida albicans, particularly on the inhibition of the germ tube formation. The major compounds of the essential oils were carvone (62.9%) for M. spicata and pulegone (86.2%) for M. pulegium. The essential oil from M. spicata showed a more preeminent effect against Cryptococcus neoformans and the dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum and T. verrucosum (0.32 µL/mL). Both oils were very effective in inhibiting C. albicans germ tube formation, at doses well below their MIC (0.16 µL/mL).
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Islands , Mentha pulegium/chemistry , Mentha pulegium/growth & development , Mentha spicata/chemistry , Mentha spicata/growth & development , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Cyclohexane Monoterpenes/chemistry , Cyclohexane Monoterpenes/pharmacology , Fluconazole/pharmacology , Fungi/drug effects , Italy , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
Aims The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of aqueous aerial part extract of Mentha pulegium L. (Pennyrile) (MPAE) on arterial pressure parameters in rats. BACKGROUND: Mentha pulegium is a medicinal plant used to treat hypertension in the Moroccon population. METHODS: In the current study, MPAE was prepared and its antihypertensive activity was pharmacologically investigated. L-NAME-hypertensive and normotensive rats received MPAE (180 and 300 mg/kg) orally for six hours for acute experiment and during seven days for the sub-chronic treatment. Thereafter, systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated. In the in vitro experiment, isolated denuded and intact thoracic aortic rings were suspended in a tissue bath system and the tension changes were recorded. RESULTS: A fall in blood pressure was observed in L-NAME-induced hypertensive treated with MPAE. The extract also produced a dose-dependent relaxation of aorta pre-contracted with NE and KCl. The study showed that the vasorelaxant ability of MPAE seems to be exerted through the blockage of extracellular Ca2+ entry. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that the extract of pennyrile exhibits antihypertensive activity. In addition, the effect may be, at least in part, due to the dilation of blood vessels via blockage of Ca2+ channels.
Subject(s)
Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology , Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects , Arterial Pressure/drug effects , Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology , Hypertension/drug therapy , Mentha pulegium , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Vasodilation/drug effects , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology , Animals , Antihypertensive Agents/isolation & purification , Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology , Calcium Channel Blockers/isolation & purification , Calcium Signaling/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , Hypertension/chemically induced , Hypertension/physiopathology , Male , Mentha pulegium/chemistry , NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Rats, Wistar , Vasodilator Agents/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Mentha pulegium is an aromatic and medicinal plant used in different Mediterranean herb-based liqueurs, whose phytochemical composition depends on the elaboration technique used. The aim of this work was to investigate differences in the sensory, chemical, and biological characteristics of pennyroyal liqueurs elaborated by hydro-alcoholic (HI) and aqueous (AI) infusions, percolation (P), maceration (M), and distillation (D) techniques, and by the mixture of spirit with pennyroyal essential oil (EO). The volatile composition determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection (GC-FID), the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents, the antioxidant (AC), and enzyme (α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, and acetylcholinesterase) inhibitory capacities, and the sensory analysis by napping, were evaluated in the liqueurs obtained. RESULTS: Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were the main volatiles present in liqueurs. The M, P, HI, and AI liqueurs showed the highest TPC, TFC, and AC values; and pulegone, the main hepatotoxic chemotype, was found in concentrations that gave rise to concern. The D and EO liqueurs stand out for their acceptable pulegone content and greater tyrosinase inhibition. Similar liqueur classifications were achieved by sensory analyses, and physico-chemical and biological analyses using multiple factor and principal component analyses, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results are an important contribution to the identification of the most appropriate elaboration conditions for herbal liqueurs with the healthiest chemical composition and functional properties. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subject(s)
Alcoholic Beverages/analysis , Mentha pulegium/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Humans , Phenols/chemistry , Phytochemicals/chemistry , TasteABSTRACT
In Algeria, Data and studies on the non-metal trace element selenium (Se) are presently lacking, therefore, the aim of this investigation is to provide new data on (Se) element via its determination for the first time from Mentha pulegium L. plant. The plant samples were collected in summer of 2012 from Ain-Oussera region, Djelfa province, Algeria; they were dried and powdered. After the neutron irradiation, the samples were digested using high oxidative reagents including H2SO4, HNO3, H2O2 and HCl. The end of this process gave two phases, organic and aqueous discard phase. By using a separating funnel, the organic phase was transferred into a vial in order to measure their induce radionuclide 75Se using gamma-ray spectrometer. A non-chromatographic and sensitive analytical technique RNAA (Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis), was applied in this investigation due to its great significant minor systematic error. Results were determined using two distinguish calculation methods, relative-RNAA and k0-RNAA, the findings were quite significant, whereas, the average separation yield was about 85% for both calculation methodologies. Moreover, (Se) concentration obtained from M. pulegium L., is close to the minimal FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) recommended consumption.
Subject(s)
Liquid-Liquid Extraction/methods , Mentha pulegium/chemistry , Radiochemistry/methods , Selenium/analysis , Humans , Selenium/toxicity , Spectrometry, GammaABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: During recent decades, the emergence of chemoresistance among synthetic anthelmintic drugs has increased the interest in screening novel natural anthelmintic compounds derived from plants. The current study is aimed to determine the chemical profile, anthelmintic and antioxidant properties of Mentha pulegium hydro-ethanolic extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two tests were used to assess the in vitro anthelmintic activity of the hydro-ethanolic extract of M. pulegium against Haemonchus contortus; egg hatch assay (EHA) and adult worm motility (AWM) assay. M. pulegium extracts at the doses of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg/kg were evaluated in vivo in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus. The anthelmintic efficacy was monitored using faecal egg count reduction (FECR) and total worm count reduction (TWCR). The antioxidant activity of M. pulegium extract was evaluated by testing the total antioxidant capacity and the DPPH free radical-scavenging ability. RESULTS: Chromatographic characterization of M. pulegium composition using RP-HPLC revealed the presence of phenolic acids such as syringic acid, ferulic acid and the presence of flavonoid compounds, such as isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside. We observed 91.58% inhibition in the EHA at 8 mg/mL after 48 h of incubation (IC50=1.82 mg/mL). In the AWM assay, M. pulegium extract achieved 65.2% inhibition at 8 mg/mL after 8 h. The highest dose (4000 mg/kg) showed a significant nematicidal effect 7 days post-treatment by inducing 60.39% FECR and 71.6% TWCR. We also report strong in vivo antioxidant capacity of the extract, as revealed by a significant increase of the enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes in mice infected with H. polygyrus. CONCLUSION: Together, the results in this paper suggest that M. pulegium possesses anthelmintic properties and could be a potential source of novel compounds for the control of helminth parasites as well as its associated oxidative damage.