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1.
PLoS One ; 19(9): e0310480, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39292670

ABSTRACT

Aedes mosquito-borne viruses (ABVs) place a substantial strain on public health resources in the Americas. Vector control of Aedes mosquitoes is an important public health strategy to decrease or prevent spread of ABVs. The ongoing Targeted Indoor Residual Spraying (TIRS) trial is an NIH-sponsored clinical trial to study the efficacy of a novel, proactive vector control technique to prevent dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections in the endemic city of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. The primary outcome of the trial is laboratory-confirmed ABV infections in neighborhood clusters. Despite the difficulties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, by early 2021 the TIRS trial completed enrollment of 4,792 children aged 2-15 years in 50 neighborhood clusters which were allocated to control or intervention arms via a covariate-constrained randomization algorithm. Here, we describe the makeup and ABV seroprevalence of participants and mosquito population characteristics in both arms before TIRS administration. Baseline surveys showed similar distribution of age, sex, and socio-economic factors between the arms. Serum samples from 1,399 children were tested by commercially available ELISAs for presence of anti-ABV antibodies. We found that 45.1% of children were seropositive for one or more flaviviruses and 24.0% were seropositive for CHIKV. Of the flavivirus-positive participants, most were positive for ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies by focus reduction neutralization testing which indicated a higher proportion of participants with previous ZIKV than DENV infections within the cohort. Both study arms had statistically similar seroprevalence for all viruses tested, similar socio-demographic compositions, similar levels of Ae. aegypti infestation, and similar observed mosquito susceptibility to insecticides. These findings describe a population with a high rate of previous exposure to ZIKV and lower titers of neutralizing antibodies against DENV serotypes, suggesting susceptibility to future outbreaks of flaviviruses is possible, but proactive vector control may mitigate these risks.


Subject(s)
Aedes , Dengue , Insecticides , Mosquito Control , Mosquito Vectors , Humans , Child , Aedes/virology , Animals , Mexico/epidemiology , Adolescent , Child, Preschool , Female , Mosquito Control/methods , Male , Mosquito Vectors/virology , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue/prevention & control , Dengue/virology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/prevention & control , Zika Virus/immunology , Zika Virus/isolation & purification , Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/prevention & control , Dengue Virus/immunology , Dengue Virus/isolation & purification , Chikungunya virus/immunology
2.
Goiânia; SES-GO; set. 2024. 1-21 p. graf, tab, map.(Monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses em Goiás, 3, 7).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS, Coleciona SUS, SES-GO | ID: biblio-1570430

ABSTRACT

As arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypt são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Estado de Goiás. O boletim epidemiológico das arboiross tem o objetivo de apresentar a situação epidemiológica dos casos no estado, utilizando como fonte de dados os registros de casos suspeitos e confirmados ocorridos nos últimos anos, disponíveis no SINan Online e SINAN Net também são apresentados dados relativos à síndrome congênita associada à infecção peli Zika vírus, disponíveis no Sistema de Registro de Eventos em Saúde Pública (RESP) - Microcefalias


Arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypt mosquito are one of the main public health problems in the State of Goiás. The arboiross epidemiological bulletin aims to present the epidemiological situation of cases in the state, using records of suspected and confirmed cases as a data source. occurred in recent years, available on SINan Online and SINAN Net, data relating to congenital syndrome associated with Zika virus infection, available on the Public Health Event Registration System (RESP) - Microcephaly, is also presented


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Arbovirus Infections/epidemiology , Arbovirus Infections/diagnosis , Arbovirus Infections/drug therapy , Dengue/mortality , Dengue/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology
3.
Trop Biomed ; 41(2): 224-229, 2024 Jun 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39154278

ABSTRACT

Serological evidence has shown the presence of several mosquito-borne arbovirus infections among the inhabitants of the forest fringe areas of the tropics. Among these infections, Japanese encephalitis, dengue fever, chikungunya fever and Zika fever could be targeted for vaccination to overcome severe infection and limit the disease transmission. Seroprevalence data among this high-risk population are needed to provide an estimate of the potential cost-effectiveness of any vaccine programme targeting these infections. The present study was conducted at six indigenous people (Orang Asli) villages and FELDA (Federal Land Development Authority) settlements located at the forest fringes of Malaysia. All participants consented and provided blood samples and demographic data for the study. The blood samples were tested for the presence of antibodies against CHIKV, DENV, JEV and ZIKV individually using ELISA. Results obtained were also analysed to determine the predictors for CHIKV, DENV, JEV and ZIKV seropositivity. Among the 585 samples tested, 33.0% (N=193), 41.7% (N=244), 10.3% (N=60) and 21.0% (N=123) were positive for CHIKV IgG, DENV IgG, JEV IgG and ZIKV IgG, respectively. Approximately one-third (N=220, 37.6%) of the participants were tested negative for IgG antibodies against all four arboviruses. Age of participants and type of settlement were found to be a significant predictor for CHIKV, DENV, JEV and ZIKV seropositivity. Level of education was a significant predictor for CHIKV, DENV and ZIKV seropositivity. Gender, however, was not found to be a significant predictor for infection with any of these viruses. These findings reaffirmed the significant presence of infection involving these major arboviruses among the group of people living within the forest fringe areas of Peninsular Malaysia. Hence, any future consideration of vaccination for these infections must take into consideration the marginalized and underserved communities living at the forest fringe areas of the tropics where these infections are present.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral , Chikungunya Fever , Dengue , Encephalitis, Japanese , Zika Virus Infection , Humans , Malaysia/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Male , Female , Adult , Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Encephalitis, Japanese/epidemiology , Dengue/epidemiology , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Adolescent , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Child , Aged , Forests , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Child, Preschool
4.
Med Trop Sante Int ; 4(2)2024 06 30.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39099710

ABSTRACT

Zika virus infection, most oft n responsible for a benign arboviral disease or an asymptomatic infection, rarely Guillain-Barré syndrome, can become problematic in pregnant women, due to a risk of fetal malformations, in particular microcephaly linked to its neurotropism. The most recent large-scale epidemic was observed throughout Latin America between 2015 and 2017, causing several hundred thousand cases. Transmission is predominantly vector-borne, but sexual transmission has been described, mainly among travelers, although it undoubtedly accounts for a significant proportion of transmission in epidemic areas. The aim of this review is to describe this sexual transmission, mainly through examples linked to this large-scale epidemic in Latin America, to describe the link with prolonged excretion of infectious viral particles in genital secretions, especially semen but also vaginal secretions, and to highlight possible preventive measures apart from vector transmission, in particular the need for pregnant women or women wishing to become pregnant to avoid visiting countries where circulation of Zika virus is described.


Subject(s)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral , Zika Virus Infection , Zika Virus Infection/transmission , Zika Virus Infection/prevention & control , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/transmission , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/prevention & control , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Male , Latin America/epidemiology
5.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 18112, 2024 08 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39103482

ABSTRACT

This study presents a computational investigation of a stochastic Zika virus along with optimal control model using the Legendre spectral collocation method (LSCM). By accumulation of stochasticity into the model through the proposed stochastic differential equations, we appropriating the random fluctuations essential in the progression and disease transmission. The stability, convergence and accuracy properties of the LSCM are conscientiously analyzed and also demonstrating its strength for solving the complex epidemiological models. Moreover, the study evaluates the various control strategies, such as treatment, prevention and treatment pesticide control, and identifies optimal combinations that the intervention costs and also minimize the proposed infection rates. The basic properties of the given model, such as the reproduction number, were determined with and without the presence of the control strategies. For R 0 < 0 , the model satisfies the disease-free equilibrium, in this case the disease die out after some time, while for R 0 > 1 , then endemic equilibrium is satisfied, in this case the disease spread in the population at higher scale. The fundamental findings acknowledge the significant impact of stochastic phonemes on the robustness and effectiveness of control strategies that accelerating the need for cost-effective and multi-faceted approaches. In last the results provide the valuable insights for public health department to enabling more impressive mitigation of Zika virus outbreaks and management in real-world scenarios.


Subject(s)
Stochastic Processes , Zika Virus Infection , Zika Virus , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/prevention & control , Zika Virus Infection/transmission , Humans , Zika Virus/physiology , Computer Simulation , Epidemiological Models
6.
Goiânia; SES/GO; Ago. 2024. 1-20 p. graf, tab, map.(Boletim epidemiológico: monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses em Goiás, 3, 6).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS, Coleciona SUS, SES-GO | ID: biblio-1566734

ABSTRACT

As arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypt são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Estado de Goiás. O boletim epidemiológico das arboiross tem o objetivo de apresentar a situação epidemiológica dos casos no estado, utilizando como fonte de dados os registros de casos suspeitos e confirmados ocorridos nos últimos anos, disponíveis no SINan Online e SINAN Net também são apresentados dados relativos à síndrome congênita associada à infecção peli Zika vírus, disponíveis no Sistema de Registro de Eventos em Saúde Pública (RESP) - Microcefalias


Arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypt mosquito are one of the main public health problems in the State of Goiás. The arboiross epidemiological bulletin aims to present the epidemiological situation of cases in the state, using records of suspected and confirmed cases as a data source. occurred in recent years, available on SINan Online and SINAN Net, data relating to congenital syndrome associated with Zika virus infection, available on the Public Health Event Registration System (RESP) - Microcephaly, is also presented


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Arbovirus Infections/epidemiology , Arbovirus Infections/diagnosis , Arbovirus Infections/drug therapy , Dengue/mortality , Dengue/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology
7.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol ; 14: 1421744, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38988809

ABSTRACT

The increase in incidence and geographical expansion of viruses transmitted by the Aedes mosquitoes, such as dengue (DENV) and zika (ZIKV) in the Americas, represents a burden for healthcare systems in tropical and subtropical regions. These and other under-detected arboviruses co-circulate in Costa Rica, adding additional complexity to their management due to their shared epidemiological behavior and similarity of symptoms in early stages. Since diagnostics of febrile illness is mostly based on clinical symptoms alone, we gathered acute-phase serum and urine from 399 samples of acute dengue-like cases from two healthcare facilities of Costa Rica, during an outbreak of arboviruses from July 2017 to May 2018, and tested them using molecular and serological methods. The analyses showed that of the clinically presumptive arbovirus cases that were reported, only 39.4% (n=153) of the samples were confirmed positive by RT-PCR to be DENV (DENV (10.3%), CHIKV (0.2%), ZIKV (27.3%), or mixed infections (1.5%). RT-PCR for other alphaviruses and flaviviruses, and PCR for Leptospira sp were negative. Furthermore, to assess flavivirus positivity in post-acute patients, the negative sera were tested against Dengue-IgM. 20% of sera were found positive, confounding even more the definitive number of cases, and emphasizing the need of several distinct diagnostic tools for accurate diagnostics. Molecular characterization of the prM and E genes from isolated viruses revealed that the American/Asian genotype of DENV-2 and the Asian lineage of ZIKV were circulating during this outbreak. Two different clades of DENV-2 American/Asian genotype were identified to co-circulate in the same region and a difference in the platelet and leukocyte count was noted between people infected with each clade, suggesting a putative distinct virulence. Our study sheds light on the necessity for healthcare strategies in managing arbovirus outbreaks, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive molecular and serological diagnostic approaches, as well as molecular characterization. This approach aids in enhancing our understanding of the clinical and epidemiological aspects of arboviral diseases during outbreaks. Our research highlights the need to strengthen training programs for health professionals and the need to increase research-based on laboratory evidence for diagnostic accuracy, guidance, development and implementation of public health interventions and epidemiological surveillance.


Subject(s)
Dengue Virus , Dengue , Disease Outbreaks , Zika Virus Infection , Zika Virus , Humans , Costa Rica/epidemiology , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue/diagnosis , Dengue/virology , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/diagnosis , Zika Virus Infection/virology , Zika Virus/genetics , Zika Virus/isolation & purification , Dengue Virus/genetics , Dengue Virus/isolation & purification , Dengue Virus/classification , Female , Male , Adult , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Aged , Caribbean Region/epidemiology , Phylogeny , Infant , Animals , Coinfection/epidemiology , Coinfection/virology , Aged, 80 and over , Antibodies, Viral/blood
8.
J Pregnancy ; 2024: 1758662, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38961858

ABSTRACT

Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is a major concern in India and highlights the multifaceted challenges posed by the Zika virus (ZIKV). The alarming increase in CZS cases in India, a condition that has serious effects on both public health and newborns, has raised concerns. This review highlights the importance of raising concern and awareness and taking preventive measures by studying the epidemiology, clinical symptoms, and potential long-term consequences of CZS. The review also contributes to worldwide research and information sharing to improve the understanding and prevention of CZS. As India deals with the changing nature of CZS, this thorough review is an important tool for policymakers, health workers, and researchers to understand what is happening now, plan for what to do in the future, and work together as a team, using medical knowledge, community involvement, and study projects to protect newborns' health and reduce the public health impact of these syndromes.


Subject(s)
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Zika Virus Infection , Humans , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/congenital , Zika Virus Infection/prevention & control , Zika Virus Infection/complications , India/epidemiology , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control , Female , Zika Virus , Microcephaly/epidemiology , Microcephaly/virology , Microcephaly/etiology
9.
Viruses ; 16(7)2024 Jun 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39066208

ABSTRACT

Little is known about the frequency of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in Sudan. The aim of this study was to obtain data on the prevalence of ZIKV infections and the immunity of the population in the country. To this end, 198 sera obtained between December 2012 and January 2013 in different regions in Sudan were examined for neutralizing antibodies against ZIKV, dengue virus (DENV), and yellow fever virus (YFV). The sera were non-randomly selected. The neutralization titers were compared with each other and with the WHO 1st International Standard for anti-Asian lineage Zika virus antibody. Twenty-six sera neutralized ZIKV. One-third of these sera had higher neutralization titers against ZIKV than against DENV-2 and -3. Two sera showed higher neutralization titers than the WHO standard for ZIKV antibodies. These data suggest occasional ZIKV infections in Sudan. The low percentage of sera in this cohort that neutralized ZIKV indicates that, in the study period, the population was susceptible to ZIKV infection.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Neutralizing , Antibodies, Viral , Zika Virus Infection , Zika Virus , Sudan/epidemiology , Humans , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/immunology , Zika Virus Infection/blood , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Zika Virus/immunology , Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood , Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology , Adult , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Adolescent , Neutralization Tests , Dengue Virus/immunology , Child , Yellow fever virus/immunology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Child, Preschool , Aged , Prevalence
10.
Travel Med Infect Dis ; 60: 102737, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38996856

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The spread of vector-borne infectious diseases is determined, among other things, by temperature. Thus, climate change will have an influence on their global distribution. In the future, Europe will approach the temperature optimum for the transmission of ZIKV and CHIKV. Climate scenarios and climate models can be used to depict future climatic changes and to draw conclusions about future risk areas for vector-borne infectious diseases. METHODS: Based on the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate scenarios, a geospatial analysis was carried out for the future temperature suitability of ZIKV and CHIKV in Europe. The results were presented in maps and the percentage of the affected areas calculated. RESULTS: Due to rising temperatures, the risk areas for transmission of ZIKV and CHIKV spread in both RCP scenarios. For CHIKV transmission, Spain, Portugal, the Mediterranean coast and areas near the Black Sea are mainly affected. Due to high temperatures, large areas throughout Europe are at risk for ZIKV and CHIKV transmission. CONCLUSION: Temperature is only one of many factors influencing the spread of vector-borne infectious diseases. Nevertheless, the representation of risk areas on the basis of climate scenarios allows an assessment of future risk development. Monitoring and adaptation strategies are indispensable for coping with and containing possible future autochthonous transmissions and epidemics in Europe.


Subject(s)
Chikungunya Fever , Climate Change , Geographic Information Systems , Zika Virus Infection , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/transmission , Humans , Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/transmission , Europe/epidemiology , Zika Virus , Animals , Risk Assessment , Chikungunya virus , Temperature
11.
Vox Sang ; 119(9): 1006-1011, 2024 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38970294

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In Brazil, urban arboviruses, such as dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), constitute a major public health problem, and due to their endemicity and asymptomatic cases, they pose a potential threat to blood donations. Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil, has been impacted by extensive DENV epidemics over the last 30 years and, after 2015, by CHIKV and ZIKV. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urban arboviruses DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV were investigated in blood donations (n = 778) at the State Institute of Hematology, HEMORIO (RJ) from 2019 to 2022 by serological and molecular methods. RESULTS: An overall arbovirus exposure was observed in 26.1% of the blood donations. Anti-DENV IgM was detected in 4.0% of samples and two donations were DENV NS1 positive. Positive anti-CHIKV IgM was observed in 4.7% of the donations. Co-detection of anti-CHIKV IgM and anti-DENV IgM was observed in 1.0% of donors, and CHIKV prevalence was 21.3%. All blood donations tested were negative for the DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV RNA. CONCLUSION: IgM seroprevalence to the arboviruses analyzed here is an indicator of recent infection in asymptomatic donors, showing that the population of blood donors can be a vehicle for new infections, especially during epidemic periods.


Subject(s)
Blood Donors , Dengue Virus , Zika Virus Infection , Humans , Blood Donors/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Male , Adult , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/blood , Zika Virus , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/blood , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue/blood , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Endemic Diseases , Middle Aged , Arbovirus Infections/epidemiology , Arbovirus Infections/blood , Arboviruses , Chikungunya virus , Adolescent , Young Adult , Blood Donation
12.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr ; 79(3): 679-687, 2024 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39054595

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe feeding practices and weight status in a cohort of children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in northeastern Brazil. METHODS: This longitudinal study of children with CZS (N = 156) included data collection on child feeding practices and weight status at five timepoints between 2018 and 2022. The average age of the children was 32.1 months at enrollment and 76.6 months at the fifth assessment. Multilevel models, with repeated observations nested within children, were used to estimate time-related differences in each outcome. RESULTS: Use of enteral feeding, such as gastrostomy, increased from 19.2% to 33.3% over 4 years (p < .001). Among children who did not exclusively use an enteral feeding method, the percentage experiencing at least one dysphagia-associated behavior, such as coughing or gagging, increased from 73.9% to 85.3% (p = .030) while consuming liquids and from 36.2% to 73.5% (p = .001) while consuming solids. Based on weight-for-age z-scores, the percentage of children who were moderately or severely underweight increased from 42.5% to 46.1% over the 4 years but was not statistically significant. Children exclusively using an enteral feeding method had significantly decreased odds of being underweight at assessments 3, 4, and 5. CONCLUSIONS: These data highlight the ongoing and increasing challenges of feeding young children with CZS. Our findings elucidate the physiological reasons children with CZS may be underweight and point to intervention targets, such as enteral feeding, to improve their feeding practices.


Subject(s)
Body Weight , Enteral Nutrition , Zika Virus Infection , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Brazil/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/congenital , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Female , Male , Child, Preschool , Enteral Nutrition/methods , Infant , Feeding Behavior , Child
13.
J Wildl Dis ; 60(4): 1021-1024, 2024 Oct 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39041245

ABSTRACT

As part of an epidemiologic study of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in deer (Cervidae), samples from 56 captive deer in south and southeastern Brazil were tested for evidence of ZIKV. Three samples were positive using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR, although no samples were positive by virus isolation.


Subject(s)
Deer , Zika Virus Infection , Zika Virus , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Deer/virology , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/veterinary , Zika Virus Infection/virology , Zika Virus/isolation & purification , Female , Male , Animals, Zoo
14.
J Neurol Sci ; 463: 123140, 2024 Aug 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39047509

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) can lead to significant functional impairments, yet little is understood about the recovery phase and long-term consequences for patients in low- and medium-income countries. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional status and identify factors influencing outcomes among patients with GBS in Colombia. METHODS: Telephone interviews were conducted with GBS patients enrolled in the Neuroviruses Emerging in the Americas Study between 2016 and 2020. The investigation encompassed access to health services and functional status assessments, utilizing the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), GBS Disability Score (GDS), Barthel Index (BI), and International Classification of Functioning (ICF). Univariate analysis, principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and linear regression were employed to explore factors influencing functional status. RESULTS: Forty-five patients (mean age = 50[±22] years) with a median time from diagnosis of 28 months (IQR = 9-34) were included. Notably, 22% and 16% of patients did not receive rehabilitation services during the acute episode and post-discharge, respectively. Most patients demonstrated independence in basic daily activities (median BI = 100, IQR = 77.5-100), improvement in disability as the median mRS at follow-up was lower than at onset (1 [IQR = 0-3] vs. 4.5 [IQR = 4-5], p < 0.001), and most were able to walk without assistance (median GDS = 2, IQR = 0-2). A shorter period from disease onset to interview was associated with worse mRS (p = 0.015) and ICF (p = 0.019). Negative outcomes on GDS and ICF were linked to low socioeconomic status, ICF to the severity of weakness at onset, and BI to an older age. CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores that the functional recovery of GBS patients in Colombia is influenced not only by the natural course of the disease but also by socioeconomic factors, emphasizing the crucial role of social determinants of health.


Subject(s)
Guillain-Barre Syndrome , Zika Virus Infection , Humans , Colombia/epidemiology , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/epidemiology , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/diagnosis , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Adult , Aged , Disability Evaluation , Epidemics , Recovery of Function , Functional Status
15.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop ; 57: e00301, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39082517

ABSTRACT

This review aimed to provide an update on the morphological and/or functional abnormalities related to congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, based on primary data from studies conducted in Brazil since 2015. During the epidemic years (2015-2016), case series and pediatric cohort studies described several birth defects, including severe and/or disproportionate microcephaly, cranial bone overlap, skull collapse, congenital contractures (arthrogryposis and/or clubfoot), and visual and hearing abnormalities, as part of the spectrum of Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Brain imaging abnormalities, mainly cortical atrophy, ventriculomegaly, and calcifications, serve as structural markers of CZS severity. Most case series and cohorts of microcephaly have reported the co-occurrence of epilepsy, dysphagia, orthopedic deformities, motor function impairment, cerebral palsy, and urological impairment. A previous large meta-analysis conducted in Brazil revealed that a confirmed ZIKV infection during pregnancy was associated with a 4% risk of microcephaly. Additionally, one-third of children showed at least one abnormality, predominantly identified in isolation. Studies examining antenatally ZIKV-exposed children without detectable abnormalities at birth reported conflicting neurodevelopmental results. Therefore, long-term follow-up studies involving pediatric cohorts with appropriate control groups are needed to address this knowledge gap. We recognize the crucial role of a national network of scientists collaborating with international research institutions in understanding the lifelong consequences of congenital ZIKV infection. Additionally, we highlight the need to provide sustainable resources for research and development to reduce the risk of future Zika outbreaks.


Subject(s)
Microcephaly , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Zika Virus Infection , Zika Virus Infection/congenital , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Humans , Brazil/epidemiology , Pregnancy , Female , Microcephaly/virology , Microcephaly/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Infant, Newborn
16.
J Bras Nefrol ; 46(3): e20230168, 2024.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39074252

ABSTRACT

Arboviruses are endemic in several countries and represent a worrying public health problem. The most important of these diseases is dengue fever, whose numbers continue to rise and have reached millions of annual cases in Brazil since the last decade. Other arboviruses of public health concern are chikungunya and Zika, both of which have caused recent epidemics, and yellow fever, which has also caused epidemic outbreaks in our country. Like most infectious diseases, arboviruses have the potential to affect the kidneys through several mechanisms. These include the direct action of the viruses, systemic inflammation, hemorrhagic phenomena and other complications, in addition to the toxicity of the drugs used in treatment. In this review article, the epidemiological aspects of the main arboviruses in Brazil and other countries where these diseases are endemic, clinical aspects and the main laboratory changes found, including changes in renal function, are addressed. It also describes how arboviruses behave in kidney transplant patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms of kidney injury associated with arboviruses are described and finally the recommended treatment for each disease and recommendations for kidney support in this context are given.


Subject(s)
Arbovirus Infections , Humans , Arbovirus Infections/epidemiology , Arboviruses , Brazil/epidemiology , Kidney Transplantation , Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/complications , Chikungunya Fever/diagnosis , Kidney Diseases/virology , Kidney Diseases/epidemiology , Kidney Diseases/therapy , Kidney Diseases/etiology , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue/complications , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Yellow Fever/epidemiology
17.
Biometrics ; 80(3)2024 Jul 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39036985

ABSTRACT

The dynamics that govern disease spread are hard to model because infections are functions of both the underlying pathogen as well as human or animal behavior. This challenge is increased when modeling how diseases spread between different spatial locations. Many proposed spatial epidemiological models require trade-offs to fit, either by abstracting away theoretical spread dynamics, fitting a deterministic model, or by requiring large computational resources for many simulations. We propose an approach that approximates the complex spatial spread dynamics with a Gaussian process. We first propose a flexible spatial extension to the well-known SIR stochastic process, and then we derive a moment-closure approximation to this stochastic process. This moment-closure approximation yields ordinary differential equations for the evolution of the means and covariances of the susceptibles and infectious through time. Because these ODEs are a bottleneck to fitting our model by MCMC, we approximate them using a low-rank emulator. This approximation serves as the basis for our hierarchical model for noisy, underreported counts of new infections by spatial location and time. We demonstrate using our model to conduct inference on simulated infections from the underlying, true spatial SIR jump process. We then apply our method to model counts of new Zika infections in Brazil from late 2015 through early 2016.


Subject(s)
Computer Simulation , Stochastic Processes , Zika Virus Infection , Humans , Normal Distribution , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/transmission , Epidemiological Models , Models, Statistical , Markov Chains
18.
Indian J Public Health ; 68(2): 163-166, 2024 Apr 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38953800

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Several sporadic cases and outbreaks of Zika virus disease have been reported from different states of India. OBJECTIVES: This paper explored the possibility of any ongoing transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Bhopal region of Central India, where the last outbreak of this disease was reported in 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We screened a group of 75 febrile patients who had already tested negative for the locally endemic causes of fever like dengue, chikungunya, enteric fever, malaria, and scrub typhus and two groups of asymptomatic healthy individuals represented by blood donors (n = 75) and antenatal mothers (n = 75). We tested blood samples of febrile patients for ZIKV RNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and for the healthy individuals, we determined anti-zika immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: ZIKV RNA was not detected in any of the 75 samples tested by real-time PCR assay. Among the voluntary blood donors and antenatal mothers, a total of 10 (15.38%) and 5 (6.66%) individuals were found to be seropositive for anti-ZIKV IgG antibodies, respectively. The seropositive group was found to have higher age 33.06 (±10.83) years as compared to seronegative individuals 26.60 (±5.12) years (P = 0.037). CONCLUSION: This study, which is the first survey of seroprevalence of anti-Zika antibodies from India, reports an overall seropositivity rate of 10% for anti-Zika antibodies among the healthy population, suggesting an ongoing, low level, silent transmission of ZIKV in the local community.


Subject(s)
Zika Virus Infection , Zika Virus , Humans , India/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/transmission , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Adult , Female , Pilot Projects , Male , Zika Virus/immunology , Zika Virus/isolation & purification , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Young Adult , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Middle Aged , RNA, Viral , Adolescent , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
19.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 111(3): 622-626, 2024 Sep 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38981499

ABSTRACT

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy is associated with severe abnormalities of the brain and eye and other adverse outcomes. Zika en Embarazadas y Niños was a prospective cohort study conducted in multiple Colombian cities that enrolled pregnant women in their first trimester. Specimens collected from pregnant women (n = 1,519) during February 2017-September 2018 and their infants (n = 1,080) during June 2017-March 2019 were tested for prenatal ZIKV infection by nucleic acid amplification tests or IgM antibody testing. Zika virus infection in pregnancy was present in 3.2% of pregnant women (incidence rate [IR] per 1,000 person-months = 5.9, 95% CI: 4.3-7.8). Presumptive ZIKV infection was present in 0.8% of infants (IR = 1.6, 95% CI: 0.7-2.9). Five percent of infants with prenatal ZIKV exposure or infection presented with Zika-associated abnormalities; 4.7% were small for gestational age. Understanding the risk of ZIKV infection during pregnancy and associated adverse outcomes can help inform counseling efforts.


Subject(s)
Dengue , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Zika Virus Infection , Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Colombia/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Adult , Dengue/epidemiology , Infant, Newborn , Zika Virus/isolation & purification , Young Adult , Adolescent , Pregnancy Outcome , Infant , Male
20.
Goiânia; SES-GO; jul 2024. 20 p. quad, map, fig.(Boletim epidemiológico: monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses em Goiás, 3, 5).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS, SES-GO | ID: biblio-1561817

ABSTRACT

As arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypt são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Estado de Goiás. O boletim epidemiológico das arboiross tem o objetivo de apresentar a situação epidemiológica dos casos no estado, utilizando como fonte de dados os registros de casos suspeitos e confirmados ocorridos nos últimos anos, disponíveis no SINan Online e SINAN Net também são apresentados dados relativos à síndrome congênita associada à infecção peli Zika vírus, disponíveis no Sistema de Registro de Eventos em Saúde Pública (RESP) - Microcefalias


Arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypt mosquito are one of the main public health problems in the State of Goiás. The arboiross epidemiological bulletin aims to present the epidemiological situation of cases in the state, using records of suspected and confirmed cases as a data source. occurred in recent years, available on SINan Online and SINAN Net, data relating to congenital syndrome associated with Zika virus infection, available on the Public Health Event Registration System (RESP) - Microcephaly, is also presented


Subject(s)
Humans , Arbovirus Infections/epidemiology , Arbovirus Infections/diagnosis , Arbovirus Infections/drug therapy , Dengue/mortality , Dengue/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology
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