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The introduction of iron ionic sites by metal exchange of defective homometallic nickel pyrazolate frameworks generates non-precious, Earth-abundant, first-row heterometallic Fe/Ni-pyrazolate frameworks. The Fe incorporation at the Ni nodes of the framework allows to control the hydrogen peroxide activation, minimizing its decomposition and O2 liberation, occurring at the homometallic Ni nodes. The generation of Fe-OH reactive oxygen species at the heterometallic Fe/Ni nodes is demonstrated by the higher activity in the proof-of-concept oxidation of 1-phenylethanol to acetophenone in an aqueous medium.
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A key step in creating efficient and long-lasting catalysts is understanding their deactivation mechanism(s). On this basis, the behavior of a series of Pd/corundum materials during several hydrogen adsorption/desorption cycles was studied using temperature-programmed desorption coupled with mass spectrometry and aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy. The materials, prepared by impregnation and by sputtering, presented uniform well-dispersed Pd nanoparticles. In addition, single atoms and small clusters of Pd were only detected in the materials prepared by impregnation. Upon exposure to hydrogen, the Pd nanoparticles smaller than 2 nm and the single atoms did not present any change, while the larger ones presented a core-shell morphology, where the core was Pd and the shell was PdH x . The results suggest that the long-term activity of the materials prepared by impregnation can be attributed solely to the presence of small clusters and single atoms of Pd.
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The oil sands industry generates large volumes of oil sands process water (OSPW). There is an urgent need for OSPW treatment to reduce process water inventories and to support current reclamation approaches. This study discusses how efficient ozone (O3)-based combined advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and UV-C, are at achieving mineralization while reducing the toxicity arising from such organic components as naphthenic acids (NAs) in OSPW. The results showed that the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removals of 45%, 84%, 84% and 98%, obtained after 90-min treatments with O3, O3/H2O2, UVC/O3 and UVC/O3/H2O2, respectively, at a production rate of 6 g/L·h O3 were considerably higher than at lower O3 production rates. The acute toxicity on Vibrio fischeri was significantly reduced by all the treatments, which explains the high percentages of NA removal (up to 99% as confirmed by UPLC-QTOF-HRMS.) Mineralization (expressed as DOC removal) was highest with UVC/O3/H2O2 at ca. 2 mg C/L in the treated effluent, which means that it could be used as cooling/boiling process water in bitumen upgrading units. However, considering the energy demand of the treatments tested, the treatment using O3/H2O2 was found to be the most realistic for large-scale applications.
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Ozônio , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Purificação da Água , Ácidos Carboxílicos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Campos de Petróleo e Gás , Água , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Purificação da Água/métodosRESUMO
Introduction: Due to functional and autonomic difficulties faced by individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), the use of assistive technology is critical to provide or facilitate functional abilities. The key objective was to investigate acute cardiac autonomic responses, by application of Heart Rate Variability (HRV), during computer tasks in subjects with DMD via techniques based on non-linear dynamics. Method: HRV was attained via a Polar RS800CX. Then, was evaluated by Chaotic Global Techniques (CGT). Forty-five male subjects were included in the DMD group and age-matched with 45 in the healthy Typical Development (TD) control group. They were assessed for 20 min at rest sitting, and then 5 min whilst performing the maze task on a computer. Results: Both TD and DMD subjects exhibited a significantly reduced HRV measured by chaotic global combinations when undertaking the computer maze paradigm tests. DMD subjects presented decreased HRV during rest and computer task than TD subjects. Conclusion: While there is an impaired HRV in subjects with DMD, there remains an adaptation of the ANS during the computer tasks. The identification of autonomic impairment is critical, considering that the computer tasks in the DMD community may elevate their level of social inclusion, participation and independence.
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Individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) have an impairment of cardiac autonomic function categorized by parasympathetic reduction and sympathetic predominance. The objective of this study was to assess the cardiac autonomic modulation of individuals with DMD undergoing therapy with Prednisone/Prednisolone and Deflazacort and compare with individuals with DMD without the use of these medications and a typically developed control group. Methods: A cross-sectional study was completed, wherein 40 boys were evaluated. The four treatment groups were: Deflazacort; Prednisone/Prednisolone; no corticoid use; and typical development. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was investigated via linear indices (Time Domain and Frequency Domain) and non-linear indices Results: The results of this study revealed that individuals with DMD undertaking pharmacotherapies with Prednisolone demonstrated HRV comparable to the Control Typically Developed (CTD) group. In contrast, individuals with DMD undergoing pharmacotherapies with Deflazacort achieved lower HRV, akin to individuals with DMD without any medications, as demonstrated in the metrics: RMSSD; LF (n.u.), HF (n.u.), LF/HF; SD1, α1, and α1/α2, and a significant effect for SD1/SD2; %DET and Ratio; Shannon Entropy, 0 V%, 2 LV% and 2 ULV%. Conclusions: Corticosteroids have the potential to affect the cardiac autonomic modulation in adolescents with DMD. The use of Prednisone/Prednisolone appears to promote improved responses in terms of sympathovagal activity as opposed to Deflazacort.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate crystallinity and ultrastructure of the formed hydroxyapatite at radicular cervical and apical dentin after being treated with three different canal sealers. METHODS: Cervical and apical root dentin surfaces were treated with two experimental hydroxyapatite-based sealers, containing sodium hydroxide (calcypatite) or zinc oxide (oxipatite) and an epoxy resin-based canal sealer (AH Plus); gutta-percha without sealer was included as control. Dentin surfaces were studied by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy through selected area diffraction and bright-field imaging after 24h and 12m of storage. RESULTS: Root cervical dentin treated with calcypatite and oxipatite produced poor crystallinity of new minerals, wide amorphous phase and non-stoichiometry. Reflections at the 002 plane and the corresponding diffraction rings attained lower values in the Scherrer equation and the Scherrer-Wilson equation in samples treated with both HAp-based sealers than in specimens without sealer or with AH Plus. At root cervical dentin treated with calcypatite, shorter and wider crystallite size formations and lower crystals grain size were found, if compared to those encountered at oxipatite treated dentin. Oxipatite attained improved crystallographic atomic order and less structural variation in both distances and angles. Apical dentin treated with oxipatite attained preferred grain orientation with polycrystalline lattices. SIGNIFICANCE: The immature crystallites formed in dentin treated with calcypatite and oxipatite will account for high hydroxyapatite solubility and remineralizing activity. New polycrystalline formations encountered in apical dentin treated with oxipatite may also produce high mechanical performance.
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Guta-Percha , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Apatitas , Cavidade Pulpar , Dentina , Resinas Epóxi , Hidroxiapatitas , Teste de Materiais , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the remineralization ability of three endodontic sealer materials at different root dentin regions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cervical, medial, and apical root dentin surfaces were treated with two experimental hydroxyapatite-based cements, containing sodium hydroxide (calcypatite) or zinc oxide (oxipatite); an epoxy resin-based canal sealer, AH Plus; and gutta-percha. Remineralization, at the inner and outer zones of dentin disk surfaces, was studied by nanohardness (Hi) and Raman analysis. Nanoroughness and collagen fibrils width measurements were performed. Numerical data, at 24 h or 12 m, were analyzed by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls (p < 0.05). RESULTS: At the outer and inner zones of the cervical dentin treated with oxipatite, the highest Hi after 12 m of immersion was achieved. The same group showed the highest intensity of phosphate peak, markers for calcification and crystallinity. Nanoroughness was lower and fibril diameter was higher at the inner zone of the dentin treated with oxipatite. Dentin mineralization occurred in every region of the root dentin treated with oxipatite and calcypatite, especially at the inner zone of the dentin after 12 m. CONCLUSIONS: Oxipatite reinforced the inner root zone at any third of the radicular dentin, by increasing both nanohardness and remineralization. When using calcypatite, the highest nanohardness was found at the apical third of the inner root dentin, but the lowest mechanical performance was obtained at the cervical and the medial thirds of the roots. Therefore, application of oxipatite as sealing cement of root canals is recommended. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Oxipatite, when used as an endodontic sealing material, strengthens radicular dentin.
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Colagem Dentária , Durapatita , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Óxido de Zinco , Cavidade Pulpar , Dentina , Resinas Epóxi , Guta-Percha , Humanos , Hidroxiapatitas , Teste de MateriaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of different endodontic canal sealers for dentin permeability reduction and to determine the viscoelastic performance of root dentin after their application. METHODS: Cervical, medial and apical root dentin surfaces were treated with two experimental hydroxyapatite-based cements, containing sodium hydroxide (calcypatite) or zinc oxide (oxipatite); an epoxy resin- based canal sealer, AH Plus; and gutta-percha. Root dentin was evaluated for fluid filtration. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis, AFM, Young's modulus and Nano-DMA analysis were also performed, at the inner and outer zones of dentin. RESULTS: Dentin treated with oxipatite showed the lowest microleakage among groups with hermetically sealed tubules and zinc-based salt formations. Samples treated with oxipatite showed the highest Ei at the cervical dentin third among groups, at 6â¯m of storage. Oxipatite promoted the highest complex modulus and tan delta values at the inner zone of both cervical and medial root dentin. Calcypatite favored the lowest tan delta outcomes at the inner zone of apical dentin at 6â¯m. CONCLUSIONS: Specimens treated with oxipatite showed the highest sealing ability, based on the highest Young's modulus and dentin mineralization, achieved by closing dentinal tubules, voids and pores that reinforced the inner zone of root dentin. The homogeneity of viscoelastic properties among the different root dentin thirds favored the energy dissipation without creating zones of stress concentration and micro-cracking which would have challenge micropermeability. Thereby, among the tested materials oxipatite is proposed as canal filling material and sealer in endodontics. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Oxipatite could be considered a good candidate for root canal filling material and sealer due to its improved long-term sealing ability and to the advanced remineralization, and so to the enhanced energy dissipation achieved at the inner zone of the radicular dentin.
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Dentina , Guta-Percha , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Raiz Dentária , Dente não Vital , Óxido de Zinco , Apatitas , Cavidade Pulpar , Resinas Epóxi , Humanos , Hidroxiapatitas , Teste de MateriaisRESUMO
This paper is built on the Fenton-like oxidation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBZ) in the presence of H2O2 and 3%Fe supported on CeO2-TiO2 aerogels under mild conditions. These catalysts were deeply characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect of thermal treatment, pH (2-3, 5, 7), H2O2/p-HBZ molar ratio (5, 15, 20, 25) and reaction temperature (25 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C) on the catalytic properties of supported Fe catalysts are studied. Our results highlight the role of CeO2 and the calcination of the catalyst to obtain the highest catalytic properties after 10 min: 73% of p-HBZ conversion and 52% of total organic carbon (TOC) abatement.
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Hidroxibenzoatos/química , Catálise , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Ferro/química , Oxirredução , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
Down syndrome (DS) presents with prevalent diseases in the oral cavity and the need of constant dental care and follow-up. The use of conscious sedation (CS) for dental care in adult DS with behavioral disorders is poorly documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CS procedures with oral midazolam using previous psychoprophylaxis sessions in DS adult patients with behavioral disorders. METHODS: Twenty-nine DS adults with behavioral disorders. The patients were managed with psychoprophylaxis followed by oral CS using 15 or 30 mg midazolam. Vital parameters were monitored. The Houpt and Brietkopf and Buttner scales were used. RESULTS: Patients under CS received an initial dose of 15 mg midazolam; however, 51.72% needed a 30 mg dose at the following sessions. Results showed that 71.4% treated with the 15 mg dose had Houpt scale overall behavior scores of 4 or 5, while 93.33% of those receiving 30 mg had scores of 5 or 6 (chi-square = 15.95 p < .01). CONCLUSION: Psychoprophylaxis sessions followed by CS procedures using oral midazolam in adult DS with behavioral disorders were shown to be a useful strategy to perform routine dental treatment safely. Midazolam produces anterograde amnesia, and participants were more cooperative in the following visits.
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Anestesia Dentária , Síndrome de Down , Administração Oral , Adulto , Sedação Consciente , Assistência Odontológica , Humanos , Hipnóticos e SedativosRESUMO
Different Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) such as photocatalysis, Fenton-based processes and ozonation were studied to include one of these technologies within an integrated solution for produced water (PW) polishing. Synthetic PW was prepared adding toluene, xylene, naphthalene, phenol, acetic and malonic acids to a seawater matrix. Despite that in all AOPs studied in this work BTEX and naphthalene were removed, the efficiency (in terms of TOC removal) of each treatment varied largely. Among these techniques, photocatalysis was found to be the less effective for the treatment of PW, as TOC removals lower than 20% were obtained for the best scenario after 4â¯h treatment. In the contrary, best results were obtained by ozonation combined with H2O2, where all the organic components were removed, including a high percentage of acetic acid, which was not abated by the rest of the AOPs studied. The optimum conditions for ozonation were 4â¯gâ¯h-1 O3 and 1500â¯mgâ¯L-1 H2O2 at pHâ¯10, where after 2â¯h a 74% of TOC removal was achieved and the acetic acid elimination was 78%. This condition enabled that ozonation process accounted for the lowest electric energy consumption per order of target compound destruction regarding total organic carbon (TOC).
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) practicing a task in a virtual environment could improve performance given a similar task in a real environment, as well as distinguishing whether there is transference between performing the practice in virtual environment and then a real environment and vice versa. METHODS: Twenty-two people with DMD were evaluated and divided into two groups. The goal was to reach out and touch a red cube. Group A began with the real task and had to touch a real object, and Group B began with the virtual task and had to reach a virtual object using the Kinect system. RESULTS: ANOVA showed that all participants decreased the movement time from the first (M = 973 ms) to the last block of acquisition (M = 783 ms) in both virtual and real tasks and motor learning could be inferred by the short-term retention and transfer task (with increasing distance of the target). However, the evaluation of task performance demonstrated that the virtual task provided an inferior performance when compared to the real task in all phases of the study, and there was no effect for sequence. CONCLUSIONS: Both virtual and real tasks promoted improvement of performance in the acquisition phase, short-term retention, and transfer. However, there was no transference of learning between environments. In conclusion, it is recommended that the use of virtual environments for individuals with DMD needs to be considered carefully.
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Destreza Motora/fisiologia , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/terapia , Transferência de Experiência , Jogos de Vídeo/normas , Adolescente , Análise de Variância , Brasil , Criança , Estudos Cross-Over , Humanos , Masculino , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/psicologia , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Interface Usuário-Computador , Jogos de Vídeo/tendências , Realidade Virtual , Adulto JovemRESUMO
En la actualidad, para el odontólogo resulta un gran desafío poder restaurar la apariencia natural y la anatomía de dientes perdidos. En este trabajo se realiza el reporte de un caso clínico donde se restituye el incisivo central superior derecho, a causa de traumatismo dentomaxilofacial, por un implante Leader® combinado con el relleno óseo Biograft-G®. Se trata de una paciente de 19 años atendida en la consulta multidisciplinaria del Centro Nacional de Estomatología, La Habana, Cuba. La paciente portaba prótesis inmediata a causa de la pérdida del diente 11 por fractura de corona y raíz, con defecto óseo vestibular. A la paciente le ocurría fractura frecuente de la prótesis, viéndose afectada desde el punto de vista estético, social, psicoafectivo y funcional. Después de una evaluación multidisciplinaria y el consentimiento de la paciente, se procedió a la cirugía mediante la técnica de colgajo, colocación de implante Leader® y relleno con Biograft-G® para regenerar el defecto óseo, devolver contorno vestibular y lograr una rehabilitación definitiva. Con este tratamiento, la paciente obtuvo los resultados estéticos y funcionales deseados.
Today is a challenge to restore the natural appearance and anatomy of extracted teeth. In this paper we present a clinical case in which the right upper central incisor is restored, due to the presence of a dentomaxillofacial trauma, through a Leader® implant combined with Biograft-G® bone filler. The patient is a 19 year woman treated in the multidisciplinary consultation of the National Center of Stomatology, Havana, Cuba. The patient had an immediate prosthesis due to a fracture of the crown and root, with vestibular bone defect. The patient frequently fractured the prosthesis, which affected her in terms of aesthetics, social, psychological and functional incorporation. After a multidisciplinary evaluation and the patient's consent, the surgery was performed using the flap technique, the placement of the Leader® implant and the filling with Biograft-G® to regenerate the bone defect, to recover the vestibular contour and to achieve a definitive rehabilitation. With this treatment, the patient obtained the desired aesthetic and functional results.
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Regeneração ÓsseaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In individuals severely affected with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), virtual reality has recently been used as a tool to enhance community interaction. Smartphones offer the exciting potential to improve communication, access, and participation, and present the unique opportunity to directly deliver functionality to people with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: To verify whether individuals with DMD improve their motor performance when undertaking a visual motor task using a smartphone game. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty individuals with DMD and 50 healthy, typically developing (TD) controls, aged 10-34 years participated in the study. The functional characterization of the sample was determined through Vignos, Egen Klassifikation, and the Motor Function Measure scales. To complete the task, individuals moved a virtual ball around a virtual maze and the time in seconds was measured after every attempt in order to analyze improvement of performance after the practice trials. Motor performance (time to finish each maze) was measured in phases of acquisition, short-term retention, and transfer. RESULTS: Use of the smartphone maze game promoted improvement in performance during acquisition in both groups, which remained in the retention phase. At the transfer phases, with alternative maze tasks, the performance in DMD group was similar to the performance of TD group, with the exception of the transfer to the contralateral hand (nondominant). However, the group with DMD demonstrated longer movement time at all stages of learning, compared with the TD group. CONCLUSION: The practice of a visual motor task delivered via smartphone game promoted an improvement in performance with similar patterns of learning in both groups. Performance can be influenced by task difficulty, and for people with DMD, motor deficits are responsible for the lower speed of execution. This study indicates that individuals with DMD showed improved performance in a short-term motor learning protocol using a smartphone. We advocate that this technology could be used to promote function in this population.
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INTRODUCTION: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive muscle weakness that can lead to disability. Owing to functional difficulties faced by individuals with DMD, the use of assistive technology is essential to provide or facilitate functional abilities. In DMD, cardiac autonomic dysfunction has been reported in addition to musculoskeletal impairment. Consequently, the objective was to investigate acute cardiac autonomic responses, by Heart Rate Variability (HRV), during computer tasks in subjects with DMD. METHOD: HRV was assessed by linear and nonlinear methods, using the heart rate monitor Polar RS800CX chest strap Electrocardiographic measuring device. Then, 45 subjects were included in the group with DMD and 45 in the healthy Typical Development (TD) control group. They were assessed for twenty minutes at rest sitting, and five minutes after undergoing a task on the computer. RESULTS: Individuals with DMD had a statistically significant lower parasympathetic cardiac modulation at rest when compared to the control group, which further declined when undergoing the tasks on the computer. CONCLUSION: DMD patients presented decreased HRV and exhibited greater intensity of cardiac autonomic responses during computer tasks characterized by vagal withdrawal when compared to the healthy TD control subjects.
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Adaptação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiopatologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/fisiopatologia , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Nervo Vago/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial , Jogos Experimentais , Humanos , Masculino , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/psicologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Descanso/fisiologia , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Jogos de VídeoRESUMO
Objective: The objective was to evaluate the psychomotor development in the areas of global motor skills, balance and body structure and level of school extracurricular physical activity. Method: The sample consisted of 30 individuals of both sexes from 6 to 10 years old, divided into two groups: Active Extracurricular Group and Sedentary Extracurricular Group. Data collection included the characterization of the subjects, anthropometric data, and the tests Development Scale Motor and the IPAQ short version. The variables were expressed as frequencies and proportions, the normality was tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Student t test was used to determine the statistical significance of normal data and Mann Whitney test for the non-normal data. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Results: The classification of BMI / age of both groups was eutrophic (53.3%) and the remainder (46.6%) were overweight. The sedentary group had better results in overall motor development, and the active group in balance and body scheme. Conclusion: The children who engage in extracurricular physical activity showed better development in balance and body structure, when compared to those that do not
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Humanos , Criança , Transtornos Psicomotores , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Comportamento Sedentário , Destreza MotoraRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIM: The CYP2D6 -1584C>G polymorphism (rs1080985) has been identified as a major factor for CYP2D6 expression and function, with the mutant -1584G promoter type being consistently associated with significantly greater expression than -1584C. It may therefore be associated with ultrarapid metabolism. The objective of the present study was to explore the relationship between the CYP2D6 -1584C>G polymorphism and the debrisoquine metabolic ratio in healthy volunteers in order to evaluate its potential impact on the ultrarapid CYP2D6 hydroxylation capacity. MATERIALS & METHODS: The CYP2D6 -1584C>G polymorphism was analyzed in 320 unrelated healthy individuals who were previously phenotyped for debrisoquine hydroxylation. RESULTS: The metabolic ratio (log10 mean ± standard deviation) of individuals with the -1584G allele was lower than that of individuals with the -1584C allele for carriers of one active CYP2D6 gene (-0.13 ± 0.33 and 0.17 ± 0.52, respectively; p < 0.05) or two active CYP2D6 genes (-0.32 ± 0.39 and -0.20 ± 0.44, respectively; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The presence of the -1584G allele in the promoter region of the CYP2D6 gene was related to a high CYP2D6 hydroxylation capacity.
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Citocromo P-450 CYP2D6/genética , Debrisoquina/uso terapêutico , Hidroxilação/genética , Alelos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Genótipo , Voluntários Saudáveis , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Hidroxilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Polimorfismo Genético , Regiões Promotoras GenéticasRESUMO
A distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é uma doença genética que afeta apenas indivíduos do gênero masculino, causando fraqueza muscular progressiva. Conforme a doença progride, surgem algumas outras alterações como, por exemplo, deformidades osteoarticulares e dificuldades na manutenção do equilíbrio estático e dinâmico. Objetivo: Avaliar o equilíbrio de pacientes com DMD deambuladores e comparar a participação da informação sensorial no ajuste postural destes pacientes. Método: Dez pacientes, entre sete e quatorze anos de idade, com diagnóstico de DMD foram avaliados pelo teste de organização sensorial modificada (OSM) da posturografia dinâmica computadorizada. O teste OSM consiste na manutenção da posição bípede sem movimentação sobre uma plataforma em quatro condições distintas: (1) olhos abertos e plataforma fixa, (2) olhos fechados e plataforma fixa, (3) olhos abertos e plataforma móvel, (4) condição olhos fechados e plataforma móvel. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: área de deslocamento do centro de pressão (COP) (cm²); COPx e COPy (deslocamento total do centro de pressão na base de suporte em cm, na direção médio-lateral e ântero-posterior); VMx e VMy (velocidade média do deslocamento do centro de pressão em cm/s). Para a análise dos dados foi utilizada análise de variância para medidas repetidas (ANOVA) tendo como fator as condições de teste, e análise de contraste ajustada para múltiplas comparações (Teste de Tukey) no caso de comparações significativas. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na área de excursão do centro de pressão nas diferentes condições de teste e no COPx e no COPy. Foi observada diferença significativa na VMx e na VMy entre as condições plataforma fixa/olhos abertos e plataforma móvel/olhos abertos, e entre as condições plataforma fixa/olhos fechados e plataforma móvel/olhos fechados. Conclusão: O teste OSM forneceu dados para a avaliação do equilíbrio desses pacientes, indicando que a privação dos sistemas somatossensorial e visual, em determinadas situações, não foi capaz de provocar grandes alterações de equilíbrio. Contudo, a velocidade do deslocamento do COP, que retrata o ajuste postural, é maior nas diferentes condições testadas.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disease that affects only males. It causes progressive muscle weakness. As the disease develops other side effects occur, for example, osteoarticular deformities and difficulties in maintaining static and dynamic balance. Purpose: To evaluate the balance of patients with DMD that are able to walk and compare the involvement of sensory information in postural adjustment of these patients. Method: It was evaluated a total of ten patients from seven to fourteen years old, diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, by the modified sensory organization test (OSM) of Computerized Dynamic Posturography. The OSM test is about the bipedal maintenance position, without movement, on a platform in four different situations: (1) eyes open and fixed platform, (2) eyes closed and fixed platform, (3) eyes open and mobile platform, (4) eyes closed and mobile platform. Those variables were evaluated: area of displacement of pressure center (COP) (cm²); COPx and COPY (total displacement of pressure center at the base of support in cm toward medio-lateral and antero-posterior); VMx and VMy (average speed of displacement of pressure center in cm/s). In order to analyze the data, analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA) with the test conditions were used. The contrast analysis was adjusted for multiple comparisons (Turkey Test) in case of significant comparisons. Results: No significant difference was found in the area of excursion of pressure center in different test conditions and in COPx and COPy. The significant difference was observed in the VMx and VMy between fixed platform / eyes open and mobile platform/ eyes open conditions and between fixed platform/ eyes closed and mobile platform/ eyes closed conditions. Conclusion: The (OSM) test provided data for the assessing balance of these patients. The privation of somatosensory and visual system, in some instances, could not affect patient's balance. However, the speed of COP displacement, which shows the posture adjustment is increase in the different conditions tested.