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1.
Front Nutr ; 11: 1331990, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38510710

RESUMO

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity in the Mexican school-age (5-11 years old) population increased from 8.9 to 18.1% between 1999 and 2022. Although overweight and obesity (OW + Ob) is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon, alongside its increasing trend, changes in eating patterns as a result of obesogenic environments that promote higher energy intake have been documented. The objective of the present study was to detect possible associations between schools and their proximity to and density of convenience stores in Monterrey, Mexico from 2015 to 2018. Materials and methods: Anthropometric data were obtained from a subset of measurements of the National Registry of Weight and Height (RNPT) performed in the Monterrey Mexico metropolitan area in 2015 and 2018, and obesity prevalence was computed and classified into quintiles at the school level. Convenience store data were obtained from the National Directory of Economic Units (DNUE). The analyses consisted of densities within 400-800 m buffers, distance to the nearest stores, and cartographic visualization of the store's kernel density versus OW + Ob hotspots for both periods. Results: A total of 175,804 children in 2015 and 175,964 in 2018 belonging to 1,552 elementary schools were included in the study; during this period, OW + Ob prevalence increased from 38.7 to 39.3%, and a directly proportional relationship was found between the quintiles with the higher OW + Ob prevalence and the number of stores for both radii. Hotspots of OW + Ob ranged from 63 to 91 between 2015 and 2018, and it was visually confirmed that such spots were associated with areas with a higher density of convenience stores regardless of socioeconomic conditions. Conclusion: Although some relationships between the store's proximity/density and OW + Ob could be identified, more research is needed to gather evidence about this. However, due to the trends and the magnitude of the problem, guidelines aimed at limiting or reducing the availability of junk food and sweetened beverages on the school's periphery must be implemented to control the obesogenic environment.

2.
Salud Publica Mex ; 65(6, nov-dic): 570-580, 2023 Nov 13.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38060936

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Analizar la asociación de la contribución de los azúcares con sobrepeso y obesidad (Sp+Ob) en población escolar y adolescente. Material y métodos. En una muestra de 2 844 escolares y adolescentes de 5 a 19 años se determinó el estado de Sp+Ob según los patrones de crecimiento de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, así como el consumo de azúcares totales, añadidos e intrínsecos (%kcal/día) con información de un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Se estimó la probabilidad ajustada de presentar Sp+Ob mediante modelos de regresión logística con interacción entre el consumo de azúcares y la condición de bienestar. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de Sp+Ob fue del 41% en la población de 5 a 19 años y más de 60% excedió el límite recomendado de consumo de azúcares añadidos del 10% de energía; las bebidas endulzadas fueron el grupo que más contribuyó a este consumo elevado. La probabilidad de presentar Sp+Ob a mayores consumos de azúcar añadido fue significativamente mayor en el tercil alto de condición de bienestar (0.59) vs. el bajo (0.30). CONCLUSIONES: El Sp+Ob y el consumo de azúcares añadidos son elevados en la población de 5 a 19 años en México. Se requiere fortalecer, focalizar y diversificar las estrategias de atención a estos problemas considerando las diferencias sociodemográficas de la población.

3.
Salud Publica Mex ; 65: s211-s217, 2023 Jun 13.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38060958

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Actualizar las prevalencias de desnutrición infantil y de sobrepeso más obesidad en menores de cinco años de México, en el ámbito nacional y por grupos de edad y su distribución por variables sociodemográficas. Material y métodos. Se analizó la información de 1 684 menores de cinco años de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022 (Ensanut 2022). Se estimaron prevalencias con IC95%, ajustadas por el diseño del estudio, de bajo peso, baja talla, emaciación y sobrepeso más obesidad y su distribución por variables sociodemográficas: tipo de localidad y región de residencia. RESULTADOS: Actualmente, 4.1% tienen bajo peso, 12.8% baja talla y 0.8% emaciación. El sobrepeso más obesidad es de 7.7%. En el Pacífico-Sur y la Península, la baja talla es de 20%. Conclusión. La baja talla es el principal problema de nutrición entre los preescolares, notablemente en los mayores de 24 meses y en los estados del sur. En 12 años se ha estancado la desnutrición crónica en México. La Ensanut 2022 contribuye con información actualizada que permite la focalización de las estrategias hacia las zonas y grupos más vulnerables en México.

4.
Nutr Hosp ; 39(5): 1076-1085, 2022 Oct 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36094059

RESUMO

Introduction: Objectives: to analyze the changes of Ow+Ob in a cohort with four years of evolution of students from Mexico elementary schools and to evaluate its association with socio-demographic factors. Methods: information comes from a nutritional surveillance system of 52,545 elementary schools, with weight and height measurements from 2,008,474 children from six to eleven years old. A follow-on panel longitudinal analysis was performed from 2015 to 2019 in a dynamic cohort with three measurements. Ow+Ob prevalences were obtained; through a logistic regression with random effects, odds ratios (OR) were calculated, adjusting by sociodemographic characteristics (p < 0.05). Results: between 2015 and 2019, positive OR were observed for Ow+Ob development in 2017-2018 (OR = 1.02) and 2018-2019 (OR = 1.06). Students from the northern and southern regions of the country showed a greater probability of suffering Ow+Ob (OR = 1.58 and 1.64) when compared with the center. Attending to community or indigenous schools was a protective factor (OR = 0.54) whereas attending to a private school increased the risk (OR = 1.75). Adjusted Ow+Ob prevalences showed an accelerated increasing trend in males through all the periods. Conclusions: in Mexico, obesity in school children is a growing problem related to sociodemographic factors, therefore, urgent actions are needed for its restraining.


Introducción: Introducción: México se sitúa dentro de los primeros lugares a nivel mundial en cuanto a sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares, con una prevalencia del 38,2 %. Objetivo: analizar los cambios de sobrepeso y obesidad (Sob+Ob) durante cuatro años en una cohorte de alumnos de escuelas primarias en México y evaluar su asociación con factores sociodemográficos. Métodos: la información proviene de un sistema de vigilancia nutricional en escolares. Se realizó un análisis longitudinal de panel con seguimiento a través de una corte dinámica de tres mediciones realizadas entre 2015 y 2019. Se obtuvieron las prevalencias de Sob+Ob a través de una regresión logística con efectos aleatorios y se calcularon razones de momios (OR), ajustando por características sociodemográficas. Resultados: entre 2015 y 2019 se observaron OR positivos para el desarrollo de Sob+Ob, 2017-2018 (OR = 1,02) y 2018-2019 (OR = 1,06). Los estudiantes de las regiones norte y sur del país mostraron una mayor probabilidad de sufrir Sob+Ob (OR = 1,58 y 1,64) en comparación con el centro. La asistencia a escuelas comunitarias o indígenas fue un factor protector (OR = 0,54), mientras que la asistencia a una escuela privada aumentó el riesgo (OR = 1,75). Las prevalencias ajustadas de Sob+Ob demostraron una tendencia creciente acelerada en los hombres a lo largo de todos los periodos. Conclusiones: en México, la obesidad en escolares es un problema creciente relacionado con factores sociodemográficos, por lo que se requieren acciones urgentes para su contención.


Assuntos
Sobrepeso , Obesidade Infantil , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Prevalência
5.
Front Nutr ; 8: 777246, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34901121

RESUMO

Background: Population-level health and nutrition surveys provide critical anthropometric data used to monitor trends of the prevalence of under nutrition and overweight in children under 5 years old, and overweight and obesity in the population over 5 years of age. Objective: Analyze the children malnutrition and overweight and obesity in children, teenagers and adults through the National Health and Nutrition Surveys information available from public databases. Materials and Methods: Comparable anthropometric data was gathered by five Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys (in Spanish, ENSANUT). In pre-school-age children, under nutrition status was identified through underweight (Z-score below -2 in weight-for-age), stunting (chronic malnutrition) (Z-score below -2 for length/height-for-age), or wasting (Z-score below -2, for weight-for-length/height); overweight status was defined as a body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) for age over +2. For school-age children and adolescents, a Z-score BMI between +1 and +2 deviations was defined as overweight, and between +2 and +5.5 as obesity. In adults (≥20 years of age), overweight status was classified as a BMI between 25.0 and 29.9, and obesity as ≥30. Results: The anthropometric data presented derives from the databases of five survey years of the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey: 2006, 2012, 2016, 2018, and 2020. They include a total of 210,915 subjects with complete anthropometric data (weight, length/height) distributed on five survey moments; subjects were categorized by age group: pre-school-age children (n = 25,968), school-age children (n = 42,255), adolescents (n = 39,275), and adults (n = 103,417). Prevalence of malnutrition by indicator was calculated: in pre-school-age children: low height- and weight-for-age, low weight-for-height, and overweight; and in school-age children, adolescents, and adults, the indicators calculated were overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Results demonstrate the importance of maintaining systematic, reliable, and timely national anthropometric data in the population, in order to detect and track trends and to form the basis of nutrition-related public policy.

6.
Salud pública Méx ; 63(6): 751-762, nov.-dic. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432322

RESUMO

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la presencia de anticuerpos contra SARS-CoV-2, con la inseguridad alimentaria (IA) y otras características del hogar, en una muestra nacional de hogares mexicanos. Material y métodos: Se obtuvo información a nivel de hogar en una muestra nacional representativa sobre seguridad alimentaria (SA), factores sociodemográficos, cambios en la economía y consumo de alimentos. Se estimó mediante regresión logística ordinal la relación entre IA y características de los hogares y modelos de regresión logística multinomial para estudiar los cambios autorreportados en el consumo de alimentos e IA, ante la presencia de seropositividad contra SARS-CoV-2 en el hogar. Resultados: Los hogares con casos de seropositividad presentaron menor consumo de carnes. En hogares que tuvieron una reducción de sueldo y la presencia de una persona con anticuerpos contra SARS-CoV-2 en el hogar, se presentó un aumento en la prevalencia de niveles más altos de IA (RM=1.225; IC95%: 1.04, 1.44) Conclusiones: La IA en hogares durante la pandemia se agravó por diversos factores, por lo cual se requieren acciones de política pública integrales.


Abstract: Objective: To analyze the association between the presence of anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and other household characteristics and the food insecurity in a national sample of Mexican households. Materials and methods: Information at household level about food security (FS), sociodemographic factors, changes in family economy and food consumption was obtained in a national and representative sample. The relation between food insecurity (FI) and household characteristics was established through ordinal logistic regression, multinomial regression models were used to study the self-reported changes in food consumption and FI in the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in at least one inhabitant of the household. Results: Households with seropositive cases shown a lower meat consumption. In those households which suffered an income reduction and had at least one individual positive for anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, the FI -in its higher levels- worsened (OR=1.225; CI95%: 1.04, 1.44). Conclusions: The food insecurity in households during pandemic worsened due to many factors, in this sense integral actions of public policies are required.

7.
Salud pública Méx ; 63(3): 339-349, may.-jul. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432254

RESUMO

Resumen Objetivo: Actualizar la prevalencia de desnutrición y sus tendencias en los últimos 30 años e identificar factores asociados con la baja talla en una muestra representativa nacional de niños <5 años en México. Material y métodos: Se estimaron prevalencias de desnutrición en <5 años en 2018-19 y se compararon con prevalencias de los últimos 30 años. Se estudiaron asociaciones de factores geográficos, del hogar, maternos e individuales con baja talla, utilizando regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: El 4.8% de los niños <5 años presentó bajo peso, 14.2% baja talla y 1.4% emaciación. Entre 1988-2012 hubo un descenso en baja talla interrumpido entre 2012-2018. La baja talla se asoció positivamente con residencia rural, región Sur, hogares más pobres, madres indígenas y mayor número de hijos, y negativamente con diversidad dietética. Conclusiones: La desnutrición crónica es un problema persistente asociado con factores de vulnerabilidad social, cuya tendencia descendente de 30 años se interrumpió entre 2012-2018. Es imperativo implementar una estrategia nacional de prevención de baja talla.


Abstract Objective: To update malnutrition prevalence and its trends over the last 30 years and identify factors associated with stunting in a national sample of children <5 y in Mexico. Materials and methods: Malnutrition prevalences in children <5 y in 2018-19 were compared with prevalences from the previous 30 years. Associations of stunting with geographic, household, maternal and individual factors were assessed using multiple logistic regressions. Results: 4.8% of children <5 y were underweight, 14.2% stunted and 1.4% wasted. Between 1988-2012 a decreasing trend in stunting was observed that was interrupted between 2012-2018. Stunting was positively associated with children living in rural localities, the Southern Region, poorer households, with indigenous mothers or whose mothers had a greater number of children. A negative association was found with diet diversity. Conclusions: Stunting is a persistent problem associated with social vulnerability that had been declining in the last 30 years; however its descending trend was inter- rupted between 2012 and 2018. It is imperative to implement a national strategy for the prevention of stunting.

8.
Salud Publica Mex ; 63(3 May-Jun): 339-349, 2021 May 03.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34098606

RESUMO

Objetivos. Actualizar la prevalencia de desnutrición y sus tendencias en los últimos 30 años e identificar factores asociados con la baja talla en una muestra representativa nacional de niños <5 años en México. Material y méto-dos. Se estimaron prevalencias de desnutrición en <5 años en 2018-19 y se compararon con prevalencias de los últimos 30 años. Se estudiaron asociaciones de factores geográficos, del hogar, maternos e individuales con baja talla, utilizando regresión logística múltiple. Resultados. El 4.8% de los <5 años presentó bajo peso, 14.2% baja talla y 1.4% emaciación. Entre 1988-2012 hubo un descenso en baja talla interrum-pido entre 2012-2018. La baja talla se asoció positivamente con residencia rural, región sur, hogares más pobres, madres indígenas y mayor número de hijos, y negativamente con diversidad dietética. Conclusiones. La desnutrición cró-nica es un problema persistente asociado con factores de vulnerabilidad social, cuya tendencia descendente de 30 años se interrumpió entre 2012-2018. Es imperativo implementar una estrategia nacional de prevención de baja talla.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil , Transtornos do Crescimento , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Transtornos do Crescimento/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , México/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco
9.
Salud Publica Mex ; 63(2, Mar-Abr): 170-179, 2021 Feb 26.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33989493

RESUMO

Objetivo. Cuantificar los cambios de sobrepeso y obesidad (SO+O) y determinar su asociación con características sociodemográficas en escolares mexicanos de primarias públicas durante 2015 y 2018. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal comparativo. Se analizaron 6.5 millones de alumnos de 59 724 escuelas. La información deriva del Registro Nacional de Peso y Talla (RNPT) en cuatro periodos escolares, de 2015 a 2019, para niños de 6 a 12 años. Se estimaron razones de momios (RM) y prevalencias ajustadas mediante regresión logística ordinal generalizada. Resultados. Las RM fueron positivas para SO+O y para obesidad en el sexo masculino, ámbito urbano y baja marginación (p<0.001). La mayor prevalencia ajustada tanto para sobrepeso como para obesidad se reportó en 2016 (p<0.001). La región Sur manifestó ascensos constantes y significativos para obesidad durante cuatro periodos. Conclusión. El RNPT permite detectar diversas características de riesgo actual para el desarrollo de SO+O en escuelas primarias del país.


Assuntos
Obesidade Infantil , Setor Público , Instituições Acadêmicas , Estudantes , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Instituições Acadêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos
10.
Salud Publica Mex ; 63(6, Nov-Dic): 751-762, 2021 Oct 28.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35099902

RESUMO

Objetivo. Analizar la asociación entre la presencia de anticuerpos contra SARS-CoV-2, con la inseguridad alimentaria (IA) y otras características del hogar, en una muestra nacional de hogares mexicanos. Material y métodos. Se obtuvo información a nivel de hogar en una muestra nacional representativa sobre seguridad alimentaria (SA), factores sociodemográficos, cambios en la economía y consumo de alimentos. Se estimó mediante regresión logística ordinal la relación entre IA y características de los hogares y modelos de regresión logística multinomial para estudiar los cambios autorreportados en el consumo de alimentos e IA, ante la presencia de seropositividad contra SARS-CoV-2 en el hogar. Resultados. Los hogares con casos de seropositividad presentaron menor consumo de carnes. En hogares que tuvieron una reducción de sueldo y la presencia de una persona con anticuerpos contra SARS-CoV-2 en el hogar, se presentó un aumento en la prevalencia de niveles más altos de IA (RM=1.225; IC95%: 1.04, 1.44) Conclusiones. La IA en hogares durante la pandemia se agravó por diversos factores, por lo cual se requieren acciones de política pública integrales.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Insegurança Alimentar , Humanos , México , SARS-CoV-2
11.
Salud pública Méx ; 63(2): 170-179, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432226

RESUMO

Resumen: Objetivo: Cuantificar los cambios de sobrepeso y obesidad (SO+O) y determinar su asociación con características sociodemográficas en escolares mexicanos de primarias públicas durante 2015 y 2018. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal comparativo. Se analizaron 6.5 millones de alumnos de 59 724 escuelas. La información deriva del Registro Nacional de Peso y Talla (RNPT) en cuatro periodos escolares, de 2015 a 2019, para niños de 6 a 12 años. Se estimaron razones de momios (RM) y prevalencias ajustadas mediante regresión logística ordinal generalizada. Resultados: Las RM fueron positivas para SO+O y para obesidad en el sexo masculino, ámbito urbano y baja marginación (p<0.001). La mayor prevalencia ajustada tanto para sobrepeso como para obesidad se reportó en 2016 (p<0.001). La región Sur manifestó ascensos constantes y significativos para obesidad durante cuatro periodos. Conclusión: El RNPT permite detectar diversas características de riesgo actual para el desarrollo de SO+O en escuelas primarias del país.


Abstract: Objective: To quantify changes in overweight and obesity and determine their association with sociodemographic characteristics in Mexican schoolchildren from public schools between 2015 and 2018. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional comparative study. The data of children between 6 an 12 years old was obtained from the National Register of Weight and Height (RNPT) during four years: 2015 trough 2019. Odds ratios (OR) and adjusted prevalences were estimated using generalized ordinal logistic regression. Results: A rough total of 6.5 million of children from 59 724 schools were studied. The OR's were positive for overweight and obesity (OW+OB) in male gender, urban locality and low marginalization (p<0.001). The greater adjusted probability of overweight and obesity found in 2016 (p<0.001). The country's south region shown constant and significative increases in obesity probabilities. Conclusion: The RNPT allows a real time detection of the various risk characteristics involved in overweight and obesity development in the country elementary schools.

12.
Salud Publica Mex ; 62(6): 725-733, 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33620969

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the obesity prevalence among school-age children in Mexico and define possible risk-associated factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut 2018-19) was used. Information from 6 268 school-age children and 5 670 teenagers was obtained. Logistic regression models were esti-mated in order to study the relationship between overweight and obesity (OW+O) and sociodemographic variables, OW+O condition in their parents, health, dietary and healthy behaviors variables. RESULTS: . OW+O in school-age children and teenagers is associated with the presence of OW+O in their mothers (p<0.001), more time spent in front of a screen and belonging to a middle wealth conditions index; a negative association was found for dietary fiber consumption. In teenagers with obesity, the odds for depression showed an increase. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to identify the predisposing and risk factors and the causes behind obesity in children in order to design integral prevention strategies.


OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de obesidad escolar y adolescente en México y definir posibles factores de riesgo asociados. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-2019 (Ensanut 2018-19). Se obtuvo información de 6 268 niños escolares y 5 670 adolescentes. Se estimaron modelos de regresión logística para estudiar la relación del sobrepeso y la obesidad (SP+O) con variables sociodemográficas, presencia de SP+O en padres, variables de salud y dietéticas y hábitos saludables. RESULTADOS: La presencia de SP+O en escolares y adolescentes está asociada con la presencia de SP+O en la madre (p<0.001), con mayor tiempo frente a pantalla y con el índice de condiciones de bienestar medio, y se reduce a mayor consumo de fibra. En adolescentes con obesidad la probabilidad de depresión se incrementa. CONCLUSIONES: Es importante reconocer los factores predisponentes y de riesgo y las causas detrás de la obesidad infantil para diseñar estrategias de prevención integrales.


Assuntos
Sobrepeso , Obesidade Infantil , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Instituições Acadêmicas
13.
Salud Publica Mex ; 62(6): 725-733, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1395109

RESUMO

Resumen: Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de obesidad escolar y adolescente en México y definir posibles factores de riesgo asociados. Material y métodos: La información proviene de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-2019 (Ensanut 2018-19). Se obtuvo información de 6 268 niños escolares y 5 670 adolescentes. Se estimaron modelos de regresión logística para estudiar la relación del sobrepeso y la obesidad (SP+O) con variables sociodemográficas, presencia de SP+O en padres, variables de salud y dietéticas y hábitos saludables. Resultados: La presencia de SP+O en escolares y adolescentes está asociada con la presencia de SP+O en la madre (p<0.001), con mayor tiempo frente a pantalla y con el índice de condiciones de bienestar medio, y se reduce a mayor consumo de fibra. En adolescentes con obesidad la probabilidad de depresión se incrementa. Conclusión: Es importante reconocer los factores predisponentes y de riesgo y las causas detrás de la obesidad infantil para diseñar estrategias de prevención integrales.


Abstract: Objective: To estimate the obesity prevalence among school-age children in Mexico and define possible risk-associated factors. Materials and methods: Data from National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut 2018-19) was used. Information from 6 268 school-age children and 5 670 teenagers was obtained. Logistic regression models were estimated in order to study the relationship between overweight and obesity (OW+O) and sociodemographic variables, OW+O condition in their parents, health, dietary and healthy behaviors variables. Results: OW+O in school-age children and teenagers is associated with the presence of OW+O in their mothers (p<0.001), more time spent in front of a screen and belonging to a middle wealth conditions index; a negative association was found for dietary fiber consumption. In teenagers with obesity, the odds for depression showed an increase. Conclusion: It is important to identify the predisposing and risk factors and the causes behind obesity in children in order to design integral prevention strategies.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Sobrepeso , Obesidade Infantil , Instituições Acadêmicas , Índice de Massa Corporal , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia
14.
Salud Publica Mex ; 61(6): 833-840, 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31869547

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the undernutrition prevalence, as well as some sociodemographic characteristics associated to stunting in children under five years old, living on locali- ties with less than 100 000 inhabitants in Mexico in 2012 and 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Low weight, stunting and wasting prevalences were calculated in children under 5y according to WHO Growth Reference. A comparison of stunting by sociodemographic and diet diversity variables is presented. Multi-variated logistic models between chronic malnutrition and sociodemographic variables were calculated. RESULTS: In 2018, 4.4% of the individuals suffered low weight, 14.9% stunting and 1.5 % wasting. Stunting was greater in indigenous households (24.5%), households from the lower socioeconomic-index tertile (17.5%), and households with moderated/severe food insecurity (15.3%). Stunting was positively associated with indigenous condition; on the other hand a highly diverse diet resulted to be a protective factor against it. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of chronical malnutrition was documented associated with high poverty conditions. It is important to enforce strategies aimed to contain it, mainlyin such populations with greater social deprivation.


OBJETIVO: Describir la prevalencia de desnutrición infantil y algunas características sociodemográficas asociadas con la desnutrición crónica en menores de cinco años, de localidades de menos de 100 000 habitantes en 2012 y 2018 en México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se calcularon prevalencias de bajo peso, desnutrición crónica y emaciación. Se presenta la comparación de la desnutrición crónica por variables sociodemográficas y de diversidad dietética. Se probaron modelos logísticos multivariados entre desnutrición crónica y variables sociodemográficas. RESULTADOS: En 2018, 4.4% presentó bajo peso, 14.9% desnutrición crónica y 1.5% emaciación. La desnutrición crónica fue mayor en hogares indígenas (24.5%), hogares de mayores carencias socioeconómicas (17.5%) y hogares con inseguridad alimentaria moderada/severa (15.3%). La desnutrición crónica se asoció positivamente con habitar hogar indígena y la alta diversidad dietética resultó factor protector de desnutrición crónica. CONCLUSIONES: Se documenta una alta prevalencia de desnutrición crónica asociada con condiciones de alta marginalidad. Es importante fortalecer estrategias diseñadas para contener la desnutrición, sobre todo en las poblaciones de mayores carencias sociales.


Assuntos
Transtornos do Crescimento/epidemiologia , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Demografia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Densidade Demográfica , Prevalência , Fatores Socioeconômicos
15.
Salud pública Méx ; 61(6): 833-840, nov.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1252171

RESUMO

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de desnutrición infantil y algunas características sociodemográficas asociadas con la desnutrición crónica en menores de cinco años, de localidades de menos de 100 000 habitantes en 2012 y 2018 en México. Material y métodos: Se calcularon prevalencias de bajo peso, desnutrición crónica y emaciación. Se presenta la comparación de la desnutrición crónica por variables sociodemográficas y de diversidad dietética. Se probaron modelos logísticos multivariados entre desnutrición crónica y variables sociodemográficas. Resultados: En 2018, 4.4% presentó bajo peso, 14.9% desnutrición crónica y 1.5% emaciación. La desnutrición crónica fue mayor en hogares indígenas (24.5%), hogares de mayores carencias socioeconómicas (17.5%) y hogares con inseguridad alimentaria moderada/severa (15.3%). La desnutrición crónica se asoció positivamente con habitar hogar indígena y la alta diversidad dietética resultó factor protector de desnutrición crónica. Conclusiones: Se documenta una alta prevalencia de desnutrición crónica asociada con condiciones de alta marginalidad. Es importante fortalecer estrategias diseñadas para contener la desnutrición, sobre todo en las poblaciones de mayores carencias sociales.


Abstract: Objective: To describe the undernutrition prevalence, as well as some sociodemographic characteristics associated to stunting in children under five years old, living on localities with less than 100 000 inhabitants in Mexico in 2012 and 2018. Material and methods: Low weight, stunting and wasting prevalences were calculated in children under 5y according to WHO Growth Reference. A comparison of stunting by sociodemographic and diet diversity variables is presented. Multi-variated logistic models between chronic malnutrition and sociodemographic variables were calculated. Results: In 2018, 4.4% of the individuals suffered low weight, 14.9% stunting and 1.5 % wasting. Stunting was greater in indigenous households (24.5%), households from the lower socioeconomic-index tertile (17.5%), and households with moderated/severe food insecurity (15.3%). Stunting was positively associated with indigenous condition; on the other hand a highly diverse diet resulted to be a protective factor against it. Conclusions: A high prevalence of chronical malnutrition was documented associated with high poverty conditions. It is important to enforce strategies aimed to contain it, mainly in such populations with greater social deprivation.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Crescimento/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Demografia , Prevalência , Densidade Demográfica , México/epidemiologia
16.
Arch Med Res ; 46(6): 495-501, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26256050

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disorder that includes a cluster of several risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The R230C variant of the ABCA1 gene has been associated with low HDL-cholesterol in several studies, but its association with MetS in children remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of the R230C variant with MetS and other metabolic traits in school-aged Mexican children. METHODS: The study was performed in seven urban primary schools in the State of Mexico. Four hundred thirty-two Mexican school-age children 6-13 years old were recruited. MetS was identified using the International Diabetes Federation definition. The R230C variant of the ABCA1 gene was genotyped to seek associations with MetS and other metabolic traits. RESULTS: The prevalence of MetS was 29% in children aged 10-13 years. The R230C variant was not associated with MetS (OR = 1.65; p = 0.139). Furthermore, in the whole population, the R230C variant was associated with low HDL-cholesterol levels (ß coefficient = -3.28, p <0.001). Interestingly, in the total population we found a novel association of this variant with high triglyceride levels (ß coefficient = 14.34; p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: We found a new association of the R230C variant of the ABCA1 gene with high triglyceride levels. Our findings also replicate the association of this variant with low HDL-cholesterol levels in Mexican school-age children.


Assuntos
Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Lipoproteínas HDL/química , Síndrome Metabólica/genética , Obesidade/genética , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo , Adolescente , Anexinas/genética , Criança , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Dislipidemias/genética , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Fenótipo , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco
17.
Salud Publica Mex ; 54(2): 116-24, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22535170

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the magnitude and distribution of folate and vitamin B12 deficiency in Mexican children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Folate and vitamin B12 serum concentrations were measured in a probabilistic sample of 2 099 children. Adjusted prevalence, mean concentrations and relevant associations were calculated based on series of logistic and linear regression models. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of folate and vitamin B12 deficiency were 3.2% and 7.7%, respectively. The highest prevalence of folate was found in the 2-year-old (7.9%), and of vitamin B12 in the 1 year-old (9.1%) groups. Being a beneficiary of the fortified milk program Liconsa was protectively associated with serum folate (p=0.001) and daily Intake of milk with vitamin B12 (p=0.002) concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: We describe the magnitude of folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies in Mexican children. The deficiency of both vitamins in children under 2 years old is a moderate public health problem in Mexico.


Assuntos
Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/epidemiologia , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Prevalência
18.
Salud Publica Mex ; 54(2): 125-34, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22535171

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the micronutrient nutritional status of a national sample of 1-11 year old Mexican children surveyed in 2006 in National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2006) and their association with dietary and sociodemographic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum samples were used (n=5 060) to measure the concentrations of ferritin, transferrin receptor, zinc, copper and magnesium. RESULTS: Prevalence of deficiencies in 1-4 and 5-11y old children were for iron (using low ferritin) 26.0 and 13.0%; zinc, 28.1 and 25.8%, respectively; and copper, ≈30% in both age groups. Magnesium low serum concentrations (MLSC), were found in 12.0% and 28.4% of the children, respectively. Being beneficiary of Liconsa (OR=0.32; C.I.95%, 0.17-0.61) or belonging to higher socioeconomic status (OR=0.63; C.I.95%, 0.41-0.97) were protective against iron deficiency. Increasing age (OR=0.59; C.I.95%, 1.19-1.32) and living in the Central Region (OR=0.59; C.I.95%, 0.36-0.97) were protective against MLSC. CONCLUSIONS: Deficiencies of iron and zinc are serious public health problems in Mexican children.


Assuntos
Cobre/sangue , Deficiências de Ferro , Ferro/sangue , Micronutrientes/sangue , Estado Nutricional , Zinco/sangue , Zinco/deficiência , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Deficiências Nutricionais/sangue , Deficiências Nutricionais/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência
19.
Salud pública Méx ; 54(2): 116-124, marzo-abr. 2012. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-625742

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the magnitude and distribution of folate and vitamin B12 deficiency in Mexican children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Folate and vitamin B12 serum concentrations were measured in a probabilistic sample of 2 099 children. Adjusted prevalence, mean concentrations and relevant associations were calculated based on series of logistic and linear regression models. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of folate and vitamin B12 deficiency were 3.2% and 7.7%, respectively. The highest prevalence of folate was found in the 2-year-old (7.9%), and of vitamin B12 in the 1 year-old (9.1%) groups. Being a beneficiary of the fortified milk program Liconsa was protectively associated with serum folate (p=0.001) and daily Intake of milk with vitamin B12 (p=0.002) concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: We describe the magnitude of folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies in Mexican children. The deficiency of both vitamins in children under 2 years old is a moderate public health problem in Mexico.


OBJETIVO: Describir la magnitud de la deficiencia de folato y vitamina B12 en niños mexicanos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se midieron las concentraciones séricas de folatos y vitamina B12 en una muestra probabilística de 2 099 niños. Se calcularon prevalencias ajustadas, medias de las concentraciones y las asociaciones relevantes mediante una serie de modelos de regresiones logísticas y lineales. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia global de deficiencia de folatos y vitamina B12 fueron 3.2% y 7.7%, respectivamente. La prevalencia más alta de folatos se encontró en el grupo de 2 años (7.9%) y de la vitamina B12 en los de 1 año de edad (9.1%). Ser beneficiario del programa de leche fortificada Liconsa estuvo asociado de manera protectora con el folato serico (p=0.001) y la ingestión diaria de leche con la de vitamina B12 (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONES: La deficiencia de ambas vitaminas, en los niños menores de dos años, es un problema de salud pública de magnitud moderada en México.


Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/epidemiologia , /epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Prevalência
20.
Salud pública Méx ; 54(2): 125-134, marzo-abr. 2012. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-625743

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the micronutrient nutritional status of a national sample of 1-11 year old Mexican children surveyed in 2006 in National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2006) and their association with dietary and sociodemographic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum samples were used (n=5 060) to measure the concentrations of ferritin, transferrin receptor, zinc, copper and magnesium. RESULTS: Prevalence of deficiencies in 1-4 and 5-11y old children were for iron (using low ferritin) 26.0 and 13.0%; zinc, 28.1 and 25.8%, respectively; and copper, ≈30% in both age groups. Magnesium low serum concentrations (MLSC), were found in 12.0% and 28.4% of the children, respectively. Being beneficiary of Liconsa (OR=0.32; C.I.95%, 0.17-0.61) or belonging to higher socioeconomic status (OR=0.63; C.I.95%, 0.41-0.97) were protective against iron deficiency. Increasing age (OR=0.59; C.I.95%, 1.19-1.32) and living in the Central Region (OR=0.59; C.I.95%, 0.36-0.97) were protective against MLSC. CONCLUSIONS: Deficiencies of iron and zinc are serious public health problems in Mexican children.


OBJETIVO: Describir el estado nutricio de micronutrimentos en niños de 1-11 años de edad de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006 y su asociación con factores dietéticos y sociodemográficos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se usaron muestras séricas (n=5060) para medir las concentraciones de ferritina, receptor de transferrina, zinc, cobre y magnesio. RESULTADOS: La prevalencias de deficiencias en niños de 1-4 y de 5 a 11 años fueron para ferritina, 26.0 y 13%; zinc, 28.1 y 25.8% respectivamente y cobre ≈30% en ambos grupos. Las concentraciones bajas de magnesio (CBM) fueron 12.0 y 28.4%, respectivamente. Ser beneficiario de Liconsa (RM=0.32; IC 95%: 0.17-0.61) y pertenecer al nivel socioeconómico alto (RM=0.63; IC, 95%: 0.41-0.97) fueron protectores para deficiencia de hierro. La edad (RM=1.26; IC, 95%: 1.19-1.32) y vivir en la región Centro (RM=0.59; IC, 95%: 0.36-0.97) fueron protectores para CBM. CONCLUSIONES: Las deficiencias de hierro y zinc son serios problemas de salud pública en niños mexicanos.


Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Cobre/sangue , Ferro/sangue , Ferro/deficiência , Micronutrientes/sangue , Estado Nutricional , Zinco/sangue , Zinco/deficiência , Deficiências Nutricionais/sangue , Deficiências Nutricionais/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência
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