From injury to rehabilitation: How kinesiology taping helps patients with first metatarsophalangeal joint sprain (turf toe) in pain reduction, gait parameters and functional ability improvement. A randomized clinical trial.

Objective: Turf toe is a common sports injury that may affect mobility and functional ability. For complete recovery, rehabilitation modalities are required to overcome these issues. This study investigated whether kinesio taping (KT) would reduce pain, improve gait performance, and enhance the functional capacity of turf toe patients undergoing physical therapy. Methods: sixty patients with grade II turf toe (age; 25-30 years) assigned randomly into three treatment groups; KT applied alongside an exercise program conducted three times/week for 12 successive weeks. (KT group; n = 20), placebo taping plus exercise (Placebo group; n = 20), or exercise only (Control group; n = 20). Pain, gait parameters, and functional ability assessed using VAS, 3D gait analysis, and 6MWT respectively pre- and post-treatment. Results: There was a significant post-treatment decrease in VAS score in the KT group lower than the control or placebo group and a significant increase in 6MWT distance in the KT group higher than the control or placebo group (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant post-treatment increase in step length, stride length, cadence and velocity of KT group higher than control and placebo group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in gait parameters between control and placebo groups post treatment (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of the study demonstrated that KT is a useful complementary modality to exercise in patients with turf toe, as it may result in more favorable improvements to pain, gait characteristics, and functional abilities. Further studies should be conducted to assess the long-term effects, different KT application methods, and tailored treatment protocols on turf toe.

The effect of conjugated linoleic acids on inflammation, oxidative stress, body composition and physical performance: a comprehensive review of putative molecular mechanisms.

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are polyunsaturated fatty acids primarily found in dairy products and ruminant animal products such as beef, lamb, and butter. Supplementation of CLAs has recently become popular among athletes due to the variety of health-promoting effects, including improvements in physical performance. Preclinical and some clinical studies have shown that CLAs can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress and favorably modulate body composition and physical performance; however, the results of previously published clinical trials are mixed. Here, we performed a comprehensive review of previously published clinical trials that assessed the role of CLAs in modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, body composition, and select indices of physical performance, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms governing these changes. The findings of our review demonstrate that the effect of supplementation with CLAs on inflammation and oxidative stress is controversial, but this supplement can decrease body fat mass and increase physical performance. Future well-designed randomized clinical trials are warranted to determine the effectiveness of (1) specific doses of CLAs; (2) different dosing durations of CLAs; (3) various CLA isomers, and the exact molecular mechanisms by which CLAs positively influence oxidative stress, inflammation, body composition, and physical performance.

Role of virtual reality distraction technique to improve chest burns with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following smoke inhalation in middle-aged adults - A randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Burns of the chest region constitute a common burn and develops skin contractures around the thorax region. Inhalation of toxic gases and chemical irritants during the fire leads to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Breathing exercises are painful but are needed to help counteract contractures and increase lung capacity. These patients are usually in pain and extremely anxious about chest physiotherapy. Virtual reality distraction is one such technique that is gaining immense popularity when compared to other pain distraction techniques. However, studies examining the efficacy of the virtual reality distraction technique in this population are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To find and compare the effects of the virtual reality distraction technique as a pain alleviation tool for reducing pain during chest physiotherapy in chest burns patients with ARDS in middle-aged adults. METHODS: A randomized controlled study was conducted at the physiotherapy department between 1st Sep 2020 and 30th Dec 2022. The eligible sixty subjects were randomized into two groups: The virtual reality distraction group (n = 30) received virtual reality distraction technique and the control group (n = 30) received progressive relaxation technique before chest physiotherapy as a pain distraction technique. All the participants received chest physiotherapy as a common treatment (treatment as usual). Primary (Visual Analogue Scale - VAS) and secondary (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF), residual volume (RV), functional residual capacity (FRC), total lung capacity (TLC), RV/TLC, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide of the lungs (DLCO) outcome measures were measured at baseline, after four weeks, eight weeks and at six months follow up. The effects between the two groups were analyzed using the independent t-test and chi-square test. The intra-group effect was analyzed with a repeated measure ANOVA test. RESULTS: Baseline demographic characters and study variables show homogenous distribution between the groups (p > 0.05). Four weeks following two different training protocols virtual reality distraction group shows more significant changes in pain intensity, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, RV, FRC, TLC, RV/TLC, and DLCO (p = 0.001) but not in RV (p = 0.541). The similar improvements were noted in the 8 weeks and 6 months follow up. CONCLUSION: The reports of the study concluded that virtual reality distraction is an effective and useful technique in reducing pain and increasing lung capacity in chest burn patient with ARDS following smoke inhalation in community-dwelling middle-aged adults. In the virtual reality distraction group, the patients reported significantly less pain and clinically meaningful changes in pulmonary functions as compared to the control group (physiotherapy + relaxation).

Oral Candidiasis of Tobacco Smokers: A Literature Review.

The mouth is a vital point of entry into the human body, the health of the mouth entails mental, physical as well as social well-being. Studying diseases, microbiota and environmental conditions of the mouth is important to maintain oral health and all body. The smoke of tobacco cigarettes is one of the worst habits that affect the health of the mouth and the body. Therefore, this review has been conducted to study the effect of smoking on the balance of the oral microbiota and the opportunistic organisms, one of the most important of them <i>Candida</i>. Although a few studies have found that cigarette smoking does not influence carriage by <i>Candida</i> significantly. However, most of the studies had results completely contrary to that, smoking cigarettes affect <i>Candida</i> pathogenic characteristics such as a transition from yeast to hyphal form, biofilm formation and, virulence-related gene expressions. Tobacco is not only an inducer of the transition process but it considers an excellent medium for this process. Furthermore, smoking was significantly associated with <i>Candida</i> pathogenicity in patients with clinically suspected oral leukoplakia and smoking worsens oral candidiasis and dampens epithelial cell defense response. Nicotine significantly altered the composition and proportion of yeast cells, as well as the extracellular polysaccharide amounts which increase biofilm matrix and thickness which could promote oral candidiasis. Smoking has the potential to alter the oral condition and cause severe oxidative stress, thereby damaging the epithelial barrier of the mouth. These oxidative molecules during smoking activate epithelial cells proteins called oxidative stress-sensing proteins. If some of these proteins induced, widely thought to have anti-inflammatory properties, inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and are linked to inflammation and oxidative stress is thought to be a possible therapeutic objective and a crucial regulator for smoking-related oral diseases and mouth candidiasis for instance leukoplakia. Also, it is transported into the cell nucleus in the existence of additional electrophilic chemicals to activate antioxidant enzyme gene expression. Therefore, smoking cigarettes destroys oral health and consequently destroys the health of the whole body.

Radiotherapy-associated sensorineural hearing loss in pediatric oncology patients.

During the radiotherapeutic treatment of pediatric oncology patients, they would be at a latent risk of developing ionizing radiation-induced ototoxicity when the cochlea or auditory nerve is located within the radiation field. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is an irreversible late complication of radiotherapy, and its incidence depends on various factors such as the patient's hearing sensitivity, total radiation dose to the cochlea, radiotherapy fractionation regimen, age and chemoradiation. Importantly, this complication exhibits serious challenges to adult survivors of childhood cancer, as it has been linked to impairments in academic achievement, psychosocial development, independent living skills, and employment in the survivor population. Therefore, early detection and proper management can alleviate academic, speech, language, social, and psychological morbidity arising from hearing deficits. In the present review, we have addressed issues such as underlying mechanisms of radiation-induced SNHL, audiometric findings of pediatric cancer patients treated with radiotherapy, and management and protection measures against radiation-induced ototoxicity.

Moderating Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationships Between the Three Forms of Perfectionism with Anger, Aggression, and Hostility.

The prevalence of aggression in adolescents is on the rise, and it could be a serious public health concern. Studies have found positive relationships between perfectionism with anger, aggression, and hostility. However, the moderating role of self-compassion in the links between perfectionism with anger, aggression, and hostility has not been studied. To better understand the relationships between the three forms of perfectionism with anger, aggression, and hostility, this study aimed to explore the moderating role of self-compassion. Participants were 380 undergraduates selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling technique from three universities in Iran. Participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale, the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and the Aggression Questionnaire Scale. The results from structural equation modelling analysis showed that other-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism positively predicted anger, aggression, and hostility. The results showed that self-oriented perfectionism significantly and positively predicted anger and hostility; but there were no observed statistically significant relationships of self-oriented perfectionism with verbal aggression and physical aggression. The findings showed that self-compassion played a moderating role in the relationships between other-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism with anger, aggression, and hostility; however, it did not play a moderating effect on self-oriented perfectionism with anger, aggression, and hostility. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the moderating role of self-compassion in the links between other-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism with anger, aggression, and hostility among undergraduates. The findings of this study could be applicable for psychologists and counselors who deal with aggressive behavior, anger, and hostility in undergraduate students to assess the three forms of perfectionism and self-compassion.

The effect of toxic air pollutants on fertility men and women, fetus and birth rate.

Human health is affected by various factors such as air pollutants. Exposure to toxic air pollutants is impaired fertility in men and women. The purpose of this review study was investigation of the effect of toxic air pollutants on fertility and birth rate. Databases used to for searched were the PubMed, Web of Science, Springer and Science Direct (Scopus) and Google Scholar. Identify all relevant studies published 1999-2022. In this study, according to databases five hundred articles were retrieved. 33 studies were screened after review and 19 full-text articles entered into the analysis process. Finally, 11 articles were selected in this study. The literature signs a notable health effects from toxic air pollutants and increase risk of infertility in men and women and having a variety of reproductive system cancers such as prostate, bladder, ovary, kidney and uterus. According to the finding toxic air pollutants can increase the risk infertility in men and women, incidence of cancers of reproductive system and decrease the birth rate. Activities that play an important role in reducing the health effects of toxic air pollutants such as infertility in men and women and reducing the population rate of communities are improving the quality of fuel used in the home, car, industries, changing production processes in large industries, installing catalysts to reduce emissions in cars, use more public transportation, plant trees and increase green space per capita, increase public awareness about various effects of toxic air pollutants and protective measures.

Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Pioglitazone on Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Clinical and Experimental Findings.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurological disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). The pathogenesis of PD is strongly related to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. This indicates that PD can be treated with anti-oxidative substitutes and anti-inflammatory compounds. The neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonists decrease cell death and halt the increase in neurodegeneration, which is why they have been given a lot of importance in research. Antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects have been observed to be generated by pioglitazone (PG), a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonist that regulates neural plasticity in various neurodegenerative disorders. The neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of PG are assessed in this article. It was found that the patients with DM who received PG treatment were noticeably at a lower risk of PD. However, some clinical studies have not proven a strong link between the therapeutic effects of PG on PD. As per suggestions of preclinical studies, the therapeutic effects of PG treatment include; increased life expectancy of neurons, decreased oxidative stress, halted microglial activity, lower inflammation (reduced NF-κB, COX-2, and iNOS), reduced mitochondrial dysfunction, rise in motor function (motor agility) and non-motor function (lowered cognitive dysfunction). In conclusion, we determined that PG exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in PD models and it can be considered a potential therapeutic candidate for PD.

Smartphone based aptasensors as intelligent biodevice for food contamination detection in food and soil samples: Recent advances.

Nowadays, the integration of conventional analytical approaches with smartphones has been developed novel, emerging and affordable devices for improving on-site detection platforms in the fields of food safety. Smartphone-based aptasensors as the next generation of portable aptasensing technique has attracted considerable attention as it offers a semi-automated user interface that can be exploited by inexpert characters. Wireless data transferability is an undeniable advantage that home-testing platforms have as well as it can suggest high computational power. In addition, these types of biodevices can provide real-time monitoring in terms of exchanging digital networks in real-time. To elaborate, the ability of smartphones to connect through the Internet is one of the most critical advantages of smartphone-based aptasensor that can be uploaded to Cloud databases and results can be disseminated as spatio-temporal maps across the globe. This review focused on the recent progress and technical breakthroughs of aptasensor on the smartphone as a groundbreaking enterprise in the field of biochemical analysis, importantly in the aspect of the combination of different types of biosensors including electrochemical, optical and colorimetric. In our opinion, this review can broaden our understanding of using smartphones as a portable sensing approach by addressing the current challenges and future perspectives.

The Effect of Melatonin on Analgesia, Anxiety, and Intraocular Pressure (IOP) in Cataract Surgery Under Topical Anesthesia.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effect of oral melatonin as a premedication before cataract surgery on pain score, anxiety, surgical conditions, and intraocular pressure (IOP) during cataract surgery with phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia. DESIGN: This randomized, double-blind prospective study was conducted among 120 patients aged 50 to 80. METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either sublingual melatonin 3 mg or placebo 60 min before surgery. Verbal anxiety and pain scores, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, intraocular pressure, and quality of surgical conditions were recorded. The results were analyzed using SPSS 23 software, and statistical analysis consisted of χ2 test and t-test, and a P value less than .05 was considered significant. FINDINGS: There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding pain after the surgery before being discharged from the recovery room. The mean pain score in the melatonin group was lower than the placebo group in T4 (in the postoperative ward) (P < .05). The anxiety score of patients was lower in the melatonin group in T3 and T4 (during surgery and in the postoperative ward, respectively) (P < .05). IOP was significantly lower in the case group at the end of the surgery after receiving premedication (P = .021). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that 3 mg Sublingual melatonin premedication for patients undergoing cataract surgery under topical anesthesia reduced patients' anxiety scores, pain score, and IOP.

Using a shortened uncuffed endotracheal tube as a nasopharyngeal airway: a useful adjunct during fiberoptic intubation training among anesthesia residents.

Background: Fiberoptic intubation (FOI) is considered a beneficial modality used to intubate life-threatening airway patients. This study aims at assessing the effectiveness of shortened uncuffed endotracheal tube as a nasopharyngeal airway during FOI. Methods: Between January 2019 and March 2021, this prospective randomized controlled trial has enrolled 62 adult patients (56 males and 6 females) with normal airways scheduled for elective oral FOI classified American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA I-III), their age ranged 20-60 years. The patients were randomized into two equal groups (31 per each); in group I, FOI was carried using lingual traction, and in group II, FOI was carried out with lingual traction plus a shortened uncuffed endotracheal tube as a modified nasopharyngeal airway to maintain oxygenation. The time taken to successful tracheal intubation and other technical parameters have been measured. The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation (SpO2), end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), and any associated complications have been measured. Results: During insertion of the scope, the SpO2 was significantly decreased in group I (92.55 ± 7.94) compared to group II (97.42 ± 6.34), p=0.009. The heart rate, MAP, and EtCO2 were found to be insignificantly different in both groups (p>0.05). The time needed for intubation in group I (2.78±0.98 min) was prolonged compared with group II (1.95±1.02 min) p =0.002. The number of attempts was comparable in both groups, while the number of successful intubations from the 1st attempt was 12 (39%) compared to 18 (58%) in groups I and II respectively, p=0.36. The overall success rate by juniors was 71% in group I compared to 84% in group II, p=0.66 with a lower incidence of using rescue oxygen and other facilitating maneuvers. Conclusions: The modified nasopharyngeal airway is a useful modality to facilitate oral FOI by anesthesia resident trainees.

A comparative study between transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in the management of post-herpetic neuralgia of the sciatic nerve.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMFT) versus transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia of the sciatic nerve. METHODS: A double-blinded randomized clinical study has included 56 patients (18 males and 38 females). Participants were randomly and equally assigned into 2 groups. Both groups received conventional physical therapy treatment. Moreover, group (A) has an additional TENS, and group (B) had PEMFT. Both modalities were applied once daily, 3 times a week for 20 minutes for 8 successive weeks. Visual analog scale (VAS) and carbamazepine intake (CMI) dose have been assessed before and after interventions. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in VAS and CMI post-treatment in group A and B compared with that pretreatment (P > .001). The percent decrease in VAS and CMI in group A were 72.44% and 69.47% respectively and that for group B was 68.95% and 67.94% respectively. The findings revealed a non-significant difference in VAS and CMI (P > .05) between groups. The Means of VAS and CMI were (2.4 ±â€…0.78, 204.5 ±â€…16.76 and 2.67 ±â€…0.9, 210.57 ±â€…16.5) in group A and group B respectively. The mean difference for VAS and CMI was (-0.27 and -6.07) between groups post-treatment respectively. CONCLUSION: Both TENS and PEMFT were effective and nearly equivalent in improving the post-herpetic neuralgia of the sciatic nerve as measured by in VAS and CMI. Clinical recommendations should be highlighted to instigate the using of TENS and PEMFT in the management of post-herpetic neuralgia of the sciatic nerve.

Source, toxicity and carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals.

Heavy metals are chemical elements with unique properties that are toxic even in low concentrations and affect human health with different functions. Agricultural and industrial activities, improper disposal of household solid waste and residues related to industrial producers, discharge of household wastewater and agricultural fertilizers are the most important ways in which toxic heavy metals enter the environment, which harms human health and life. A narrative review of the literature was done from 2000 to 2022 based on searched databases included Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, Web of Science, and Science Direct (Scopus). All relevant studies published 2000 until 2022 gathered. According to the databases, 820 articles were retrieved. 186 and 50 articles were found and selected based on records identified through database searching and additional records identified through other sources. In the next stage, 97 studies were screened after review and 64 full-text articles entered into the analysis process. Finally, 45 articles were selected in this study. Adverse effects of heavy metals on various conditions in the body depend on a number of factors, including dose, route of exposure and chemical species, as well as age, sex, genetics, nutritional status, and duration of exposure to the heavy metal. The existence of significant relationships between long-term and short-term exposure to toxic heavy metals and their adverse effects, including carcinogenicity, has been extensively studied and proven through numerous experiments. However, the mechanisms associated with this complication have not been properly identified, so in future research, there is a great need for comprehensive studies on the carcinogenicity of heavy metals.

Concanavalin A as a promising lectin-based anti-cancer agent: the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

Concanavalin A (ConA), the most studied plant lectin, has been known as a potent anti-neoplastic agent for a long time. Since initial reports on its capacity to kill cancer cells, much attention has been devoted to unveiling the lectin's exact molecular mechanism. It has been revealed that ConA can bind to several receptors on cancerous and normal cells and modulate the related signaling cascades. The most studied host receptor for ConA is MT1-MMP, responsible for most of the lectin's modulations, ranging from activating immune cells to killing tumor cells. In this study, in addition to studying the effect of ConA on signaling and immune cell function, we will focus on the most up-to-date advancements that unraveled the molecular mechanisms by which ConA can induce autophagy and apoptosis in various cancer cell types, where it has been found that P73 and JAK/STAT3 are the leading players. Moreover, we further discuss the main signaling molecules causing liver injury as the most significant side effect of the lectin injection. Altogether, these findings may shed light on the complex signaling pathways controlling the diverse responses created via ConA treatment, thereby modulating these complex networks to create more potent lectin-based cancer therapy. Video Abstract.

Development of GBRT Model as a Novel and Robust Mathematical Model to Predict and Optimize the Solubility of Decitabine as an Anti-Cancer Drug.

The efficient production of solid-dosage oral formulations using eco-friendly supercritical solvents is known as a breakthrough technology towards developing cost-effective therapeutic drugs. Drug solubility is a significant parameter which must be measured before designing the process. Decitabine belongs to the antimetabolite class of chemotherapy agents applied for the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In recent years, the prediction of drug solubility by applying mathematical models through artificial intelligence (AI) has become known as an interesting topic due to the high cost of experimental investigations. The purpose of this study is to develop various machine-learning-based models to estimate the optimum solubility of the anti-cancer drug decitabine, to evaluate the effects of pressure and temperature on it. To make models on a small dataset in this research, we used three ensemble methods, Random Forest (RFR), Extra Tree (ETR), and Gradient Boosted Regression Trees (GBRT). Different configurations were tested, and optimal hyper-parameters were found. Then, the final models were assessed using standard metrics. RFR, ETR, and GBRT had R2 scores of 0.925, 0.999, and 0.999, respectively. Furthermore, the MAPE metric error rates were 1.423 × 10-1 7.573 × 10-2, and 7.119 × 10-2, respectively. According to these facts, GBRT was considered as the primary model in this paper. Using this method, the optimal amounts are calculated as: P = 380.88 bar, T = 333.01 K, Y = 0.001073.

RETRACTED: The pathogenicity of COVID-19 and the role of pentraxin-3: An updated review study.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. In investigating concerns regarding the contributions of the authors to this article, the editors reached out to the authors for an explanation. In addition to the concerns regarding the contribution of each author, the editors discovered suspicious changes in authorship between the original submission and the revised version of this paper. The names of the authors Ameer A Alameri and Zanko Hassan Jawhar were added to the revised version of the article without explanation and without the exceptional approval by the handling Editor, which is contrary to the journal policy on changes to authorship. The authors were unable to provide a reasonable explanation for either of the issues raised. The editor therefore feels that the findings of the manuscript cannot be relied upon and that the article needs to be retracted.

Protective effects of summer savory (Satureja hortensis) oil on growth, biochemical, and immune system performance of common carp exposed to pretilachlor herbicide.

There are many reports on the deleterious effects of herbicides on aquatic organisms which lead to tremendous biological, environmental and economical damage. In this regard, in the present study, the protective effect of summer savory (Satureja hortensis) essential oil (SEO) against pretilachlor, one of the most used herbicides was investigated in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The fish assigned to six treatment groups (T1: control treatment; T2: 25% LC50 pretilachlor herbicide; T3: 50% LC50 pretilachlor herbicide; T4: 1% SEO; T5: 25% LC50 pretilachlor herbicide + 1% SEO; and T6: 25% LC50 pretilachlor herbicide + 1% SEO) for 21 days. The results showed that the SEO-containing treatments significantly increased the survival rate (SR) (P < 0.05). The highest final weight (FW), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in the T4 treatment (P < 0.05). There was a significant increase in glucose (GLU) level in pretilachlor treatments and a significant decrease in SEO-containing treatments compared to the control (P < 0.05). The significantly highest total protein (TP) content was observed in T4 treatment containing SEO. Cholesterol (CHOL) and triglyceride (TRIG) levels decreased in SEO-containing treatments with the lowest level in T4 treatment (P < 0.05). Alternative complement pathway activity (ACH50), activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) showed an increasing trend in SEO-containing treatments with the highest level in T4 treatment (P < 0.05). The activity of liver enzymes showed a significantly lowest level in T4 treatment. To conclude, our findings revealed that the use of SEO in fish exposed to pretilachlor herbicide could improve growth, strengthen the immune system and exert a protective effect on common carp.

Effect of adding a supervised physical therapy exercise program to photobiomodulation therapy in the treatment of cervicogenic somatosensory tinnitus: A randomized controlled study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of adding a supervised physical therapy exercise program to photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the treatment of cervicogenic somatosensory tinnitus (CST). METHODS: Forty patients suffering from CST with age 45-55 years were included in the study. They were assigned randomly into 2 groups, 20 per each. (Study group) Group (A) received a supervised physical therapy exercise program in addition to 20 minutes PBMT with a 650-nanometer wavelength and a 5 milliWatt power output, spot size of 1 cm2, and energy density of 6 Joules, 3 sessions per week for 8 consecutive weeks, plus traditional medical treatment. While (control group), group (B) received the same PBMT protocol, 3 sessions per week for 8 consecutive weeks in addition to the traditional medical treatment. Tinnitus visual analog scaling (VAS), tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), and cervical range of motion (ROM) were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. RESULTS: Mixed MANOVA showed a statistically significant reduction in tinnitus VAS, THI, and a significant improvement in cervical ROM (flexion, extension, right bending, left bending, right rotation, and left rotation) in favor of Group A (P < .05). There was a significant decrease in posttreatment VAS treatment (P > .001) MD [-2.05(-2.68:-1.41)], and THI relative to pretreatment mean difference [-5.35(-8.51: -2.19)] and a significant increase in posttreatment neck ROM in Groups A and B relative to pretreatment neck ROM (P > .001). Flexion range posttreatment MD[3.65(1.64:5.65)], Extension MD [6.55(1.35:11.75)], right bending MD[3.8(2.51:5.08)], left bending MD[1.75(0.19:3.3)], right rotation MD [3.5(1.28:5.71)] and left rotation [2.75(0.67:4.82)]. CONCLUSIONS: Adding a supervised physical therapy exercise program to PBMT showed positive and beneficial effects in the treatment of CST using VAS, THI, and Cervical ROM assessment tools.