RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes of robotic-assisted transplant ureteral repair (RATUR) for the management of kidney transplant ureteral strictures (TUS). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 41 consecutive patients who underwent RATUR for TUS at multiple tertiary referral centers between January 2016 and December 2022. RATUR was performed utilizing a robotic-assisted transperitoneal approach. The primary outcome was stricture recurrence rate and secondary outcomes included postoperative complicate rate, determining factors impacting with allograft functional recovery, and rate of conversion to open surgery. Categorical and continuous variables are displayed as total number (Percentage) or median [Interquartile Range], respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient was utilized to assess categorical variable correlation with creatinine. RESULTS: The median age was 56years [44,66]. The female-to-male ratio was 1.1:1. Approximately 66% of patients were dialysis-dependent prior to kidney transplantation. TUS was identified at a median time of 4months [2, 15.5] following kidney transplant. Median stricture length was 2 cm [1.22, 2.9 cm]. There were no TUS recurrences with a median follow-up of 36months [24,48]. There were 3 Clavien grade 2 and 1 Clavien grade 3 complications (9.5%). No baseline characteristics or preoperative diagnostics were correlated with a long-term decline in renal allograft function. CONCLUSION: RATUR has excellent and durable outcomes with low complication rates. These findings encourage the use of a minimally invasive definitive repair as a first-line treatment option for the management of TUS.
RESUMO
Accurate clinical staging of bladder cancer aids in optimizing the process of clinical decision-making, thereby tailoring the effective treatment and management of patients. While several radiomics approaches have been developed to facilitate the process of clinical diagnosis and staging of bladder cancer using grayscale computed tomography (CT) scans, the performances of these models have been low, with little validation and no clear consensus on specific imaging signatures. We propose a hybrid framework comprising pre-trained deep neural networks for feature extraction, in combination with statistical machine learning techniques for classification, which is capable of performing the following classification tasks: (1) bladder cancer tissue vs. normal tissue, (2) muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) vs. non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and (3) post-treatment changes (PTC) vs. MIBC.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To compare ureteroenteric stricture rates after radical cystectomy in patients who undergo an intracorporeal urinary diversion versus other surgical approaches. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed health records of all patients who underwent cystectomy with urinary diversion at Mayo Clinic Hospital (Phoenix, AZ, USA) from 1 January 2007 through 1 January 2018. Ureteroenteric stricture was identified by surveillance imaging. Patients were stratified by surgical approach: open radical cystectomy, robot-assisted radical cystectomy with extracorporeal urinary diversion and robot-assisted radical cystectomy-intracorporeal urinary diversion. A Cox proportional hazards model was fitted that included independent predictors of stricture development. RESULTS: Of the 573 cystectomies assessed, 236 (41.2%) were carried out robotically. In the robot-assisted radical cystectomy cohort, 39 patients (16.5%) underwent intracorporeal urinary diversion. The median follow-up period was 55, 70 and 71 months for the open radical cystectomy, robot-assisted radical cystectomy-extracorporeal urinary diversion and robot-assisted radical cystectomy-intracorporeal urinary diversion groups, respectively. Subgroup stricture rates were as follows: open radical cystectomy, 8.0%; robot-assisted radical cystectomy-extracorporeal urinary diversion, 9.6%; and robot-assisted radical cystectomy-intracorporeal urinary diversion, 2.6% (P = 0.33). The median time to stricture was 5 months (interquartile range 3.3-11.5 months). In the bivariable analysis, factors that were associated with the development of ureteroenteric stricture were postoperative urinary leak (hazard ratio 3.177, 95% confidence interval 1.129-8.935; P = 0.03) and body mass index (hazard ratio 1.078, 95% confidence interval 1.027-1.132; P = 0.002). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, intracorporeal urinary diversion approach was not associated with the development of ureteroenteric stricture (hazard ratio 0.272, 95% confidence interval 0.036-2.066; P = 0.21). CONCLUSIONS: Ureteroenteric stricture is a complication that typically occurs within the first postoperative year. Although our results did not support major differences in outcomes between intracorporeal urinary diversion and extracorporeal urinary diversion, the small sample size did not exclude the possibility of a type 2 statistical error.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Derivação Urinária , Constrição Patológica/epidemiologia , Constrição Patológica/etiologia , Cistectomia/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Incidência , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia , Derivação Urinária/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes and perioperative complication rates following robot- assisted transplant nephrectomy ((RATN). METHODS: All patients who underwent RATN at our institution were included. No exclusion criteria were applied. Clinical records were retrospectively reviewed and reported. This included preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative outcomes. Complications were reported utilizing the Clavien-Dindo classification system. Descriptive statistics were reported using frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, means and standard deviation for continuous variables. RESULTS: Between July 2014 and April 2018, 15 patients underwent RATN. Most patients had the transplant in the right iliac fossa (13/15). Ten patients underwent a concomitant procedure. The total operative time for the entire cohort was 336 (±102) minutes (including cases who had concomitant procedures) and 259 (±46 minutes) when cases with concomitant procedures were excluded. Mean estimated blood loss was 383 (±444) mL. Postoperatively, 3 patients required blood transfusion. Average hospital stay was 4 (±2.7) days. Most patients had finding consistent with graft rejection on final pathology. There were 5 complications; 3 of which were minor (grade 2 = 2 and grade 3 = 1); one patient had a wound infection requiring dressing (3A) and one patient died due to pulmonary embolism following discharge. Limitations include small series and retrospective nature of the study. CONCLUSION: This case series demonstrate that RATN is technically feasible. With continued experience and larger case series, the robotic approach may provide a minimally invasive alternative to open allograft nephrectomy.
Assuntos
Aloenxertos/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Nefrectomia/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Aloenxertos/cirurgia , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Rim/patologia , Rim/cirurgia , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nefrectomia/métodos , Duração da Cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplantados/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the perioperative and oncologic outcomes associated with open radical nephrectomy with tumor thrombus (O-RNTT) vs robot assisted radical nephrectomy with tumor thrombus (RA-RNTT). Renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus has traditionally been managed through an open surgical approach. The robot assisted approach may offers improved perioperative outcomes compared to open, but there are few studies comparing these 2. METHODS: We analyzed patients with renal cell carcinoma and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus between 1998 and 2018, comparing perioperative and oncologic outcomes of these patients with Level I and Level II thrombus. Cohorts were stratified by surgical approach: O-RNTT vs RA-RNTT. Univariate analysis was conducted using chi-squared test and t tests when appropriate. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to evaluate survival. RESULTS AND LIMITATION: Twenty-seven patients were in the O-RNTT group, and 24 in the RA-RNTT group. Patients in the RA-RNTT group, compared to the O-RNTT group, demonstrated shorter length of stay (3 vs 7 nights, P = .03), lower estimate blood loss (450 vs 1800 mL, P <.01), and lower transfusion rate (21% vs 82%, P <.01). The RA-RNTT group had 26% fever complications compared to the open (17% vs 43%, P <.01). There was no significant difference in estimated overall survival or recurrence-free survival between the O-RNTT and RA-RNTT groups. CONCLUSION: RA-RNTT produced a shorter length of stay, less transfusions, and a lower rate of complications with no significant difference in overall survival.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes , Nefrectomia/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Veia Cava Inferior/cirurgia , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Renais/secundário , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To develop a prognostic model to estimate postoperative urinary retention (POUR) after lower limb arthroplasty. METHODS: One thousand two hundred twenty patients underwent 1,374 joint replacement operations (812 knees and 562 hips) between December 2008 and May 2014. Detailed variables were collected. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the independent predictors for POUR. Boot strapping and stepwise elimination was used to design a predictive nomogram. RESULTS: There were 124 incidents of POUR (9.02%) in 118 patients (90 knee, 34 hip, P = 0.001). On univariate analysis, patients who developed POUR were older (P < 0.001), had higher American Association of Anesthesiology scores (P = 0.007), underwent knee replacement (0.001), were obese (body mass index > 35) (P = 0.04), and were hypertensive (P = 0.029), with a history of benign prostatic hyperplasis (BPH) (P < 0.001) or neurologic disorders (P = 0.024). On multivariable analysis, age (60 to 69 years, P = 0.023, 70 to 79 yrs P = 0.008, >80 years P = 0.003), knee replacement (P = 0.014), and history of BPH (P = 0.013) were the independent predictors of POUR. A score was assigned to each predictor (total = 31). The C-index was 0.65. There were three risk categories as follows: 0 to 50, 51 to 85, and 86+ points resulting in 3.3%, 7.2%, and 14.0% risk of retention, respectively. DISCUSSION: This nomogram reliably predicts the risk of POUR in patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasties and may help planning preoperative interventions to decrease the risk of this complication.
Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho , Retenção Urinária , Idoso , Artroplastia do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Incidência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Cateterismo Urinário , Retenção Urinária/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intermediate-term oncologic outcomes and safety profile of the largest case series of primary robotic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for low-clinical-stage non-seminomatous germ cell testicular cancer. METHODS: This was a two-center retrospective analysis of robotic RPLND cases for low-clinical-stage (stage I-IIB) non-seminomatous germ cell testicular cancer in the primary setting. Demographic, perioperative, operative and oncologic variables were collected between March 2008 and May 2019. Descriptive analyses were performed and presented as medians with interquartile ranges for continuous variables and frequency and proportions for categorical variables. A survival analysis of time to recurrence was performed using Cox proportional hazards model. Using logistic regression, risk factors for complications were analyzed. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 58 patients (CS 1 = 56, CS IIA = 2, CS IIB = 0) were identified. The median follow-up was 47 months and the 2-year recurrence-free survival rate was 91%. The five recurrences were all out of the performed dissection template (pelvis = 1 and lung = 4). Only five patients (29%) with occult metastasis underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. The median operative time was 319 min [interquartile range (IQR) 276-355 min], estimated blood loss was 100 ml (IQR 75-200 ml), node count was 26 (IQR 20-31), and length of stay 2 d (IQR 1-3 days). There were 2 (3.3%) intraoperative complications, 19 (32.7%) 30-day postoperative complications to include 14 (24.1%) Clavien grade I, 4 (6.9%) Clavien grade II, 1 (1.7%) Clavien grade III and 0 Clavien grade IV complications. No statistical significance was found on multivariate or univariate analysis for survival analysis of time to recurrence and risk factors for complications. CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the largest case series of primary R-RPLND for the treatment of low-stage non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT). With 47 months of follow-up and a low rate of adjuvant chemotherapy, intermediate oncologic efficacy appears to be comparable to the gold standard open approach.
Assuntos
Excisão de Linfonodo/métodos , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Neoplasias Testiculares/cirurgia , Adulto , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Espaço Retroperitoneal , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introduction: This study aims to describe robot assisted surgery of the inferior vena cava (IVC) by assessing techniques utilized, perioperative outcomes, complications, and long-term patency of the IVC. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on all robotic surgeries involving dissection and repair of the IVC at our institution. Patient characteristics, operative reports, and follow-up visits were analyzed. Preoperative and postoperative imaging was independently reviewed by a single radiologist to determine changes in IVC diameter. Complications were analyzed according to early (<30 days) vs late (>30 days). Results: Thirty-four patients underwent robot assisted surgery of the vena cava from 2008 to 2018. Twenty-six cases were performed for urologic malignancy, four were performed for IVC filter explantation, and four renal vein transpositions were performed for nutcracker syndrome. Twenty-four of the 26 patients with urologic malignancy underwent radical nephrectomy with IVC tumor thrombectomy. Three cases were converted to open. Median length of stay was two nights, and mean estimated blood loss (EBL) was 375 mL. There were five complications, ranging from Clavien-Dindo grade II-IIIa, four of which were early complications. No patients required return to the operating room, and there were no perioperative mortalities. IVC diameter was reduced by 41% on axial diameter, with no patients experiencing compromised venous return. Conclusion: Robot assisted surgery offers the advantage of minimally invasive surgery with the ability to apply open surgical principles. In our series, an experienced multidisciplinary team approach yielded low EBL, short length of stay, and low complication rates.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Veia Cava Inferior/cirurgia , Trombose Venosa/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Arizona , Feminino , Humanos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Nefrectomia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Trombectomia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: There is scant information about intermediate / long-term comparative outcomes between robot assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) and open radical cystectomy (ORC). The purpose of this study is to present survival and oncological outcomes between bladder cancer patients who undergo RARC vs. ORC with an overall median follow-up of over 5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A query of all patients who underwent radical cystectomy between January, 2007 and January, 2018 at Mayo Clinic Arizona yielded 595 patients. After excluding cystectomy performed for nonmalignant indication, cancer secondary to nonbladder primary, and cancers with grossly metastatic disease at the time of surgery, 481 patients remained. Data was collected on patient demographics, preoperative information, operative details, complications, and follow-up. Statistical analyses were generated using SPSS 22.0. RESULTS: In 481 total patients, 203 (42.2%) underwent RARC and 278 (57.8%) underwent ORC. The median follow-up for the entire cohort was 66 months. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 70.8% vs. 64.7% and the 10-year RFS was 69.6% vs. 62.7% for the RARC vs. ORC, respectively (Pâ¯=â¯0.135). The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 58.9% vs. 57.7% and the 10-year OS was 39.9% vs. 45.6% for RARC vs. ORC patients, respectively (Pâ¯=â¯0.466). There were no differences in any recurrence patterns, including the incidence of atypical recurrences (1.5% vs. 1.8% [Pâ¯=â¯0.786], respectively). A Cox-proportional hazards model was fitted that included independent predictors of RFS and OS. The results revealed no difference in RFS (HR 1.235, 95% CI: 0.832-1.833, Pâ¯=â¯0.295) or OS (HR 0.790, 95% CI: 0.550-1.135, Pâ¯=â¯0.202) between the respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrence free survival, OS, and recurrence patterns are similar in bladder cancer patients who undergo either RARC or ORC.
Assuntos
Cistectomia/métodos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/métodos , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/terapia , Idoso , Quimiorradioterapia Adjuvante/estatística & dados numéricos , Conversão para Cirurgia Aberta/estatística & dados numéricos , Cistectomia/efeitos adversos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Terapia Neoadjuvante/estatística & dados numéricos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/prevenção & controle , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/efeitos adversos , Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The objective was to analyze the diagnostic value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prostate lesion volume (PLV) and its correlation with the subsequent MRI-ultrasound (MRI-US) fusion biopsy results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2014 and July 2016, 150 men underwent MRI-US fusion biopsies at our institution. All suspicious prostate lesions were graded according to the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) and their volumes were measured. These lesions were subsequently biopsied. All data were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. The PLV of all suspicious lesions was correlated with the presence of cancer on the final MRI-US fusion biopsy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. RESULTS: There were 206 suspicious lesions identified in 150 men. The overall cancer detection rate was 102/206 (49.5%). The mean PLV for benign lesions was 0.63 ± 0.94 cm3 versus 1.44 ± 1.76 cm3 for cancerous lesions (P < 0.01). There was a statistically significant difference between the PLV of PIRADS 5 lesions when compared to PIRADS 4, 3, and 2 lesions (P < 0.0001, < 0.0001, and 0.006, respectively). The area under the curve for volume in predicting prostate cancer (PCa) was 0.66. The optimal volume for predicting PCa was 0.26 cm3 with a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 80.7%, 42.7%, 41.2%, and 74.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: PLV may serve as a useful measure to triage patients prior to MRI-US fusion biopsy and help better understand the limits of this technology for individual patients.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The management of malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis (MMTVT) is not clearly defined. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection has been reported as a potential management option. Herein we present our experience with robot-assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RARPLND) in our series of patients with MMTVT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Mayo Clinic cancer registry was queried from 1972-present for all patients who had a diagnosis of MMTVT. Six patients were identified, five of whom were treated with RPLND, where four underwent RARPLND. RESULTS: In five patients who underwent RPLND, the median age was 50 years (IQR 34-51). Four patients originally presented with right sided symptomatic hydroceles, while one presented with right sided chronic epididymitis. Orchiectomy (one simple, two inguinal radical) was performed in three patients prior to presentation. Preoperative cross-sectional imaging, including PET-CT scan in three patients, was negative for lymphadenopathy or metastasis. RARPLND was performed in 4/5 (80%) cases and concomitant hemiscrotectomy in 4/5 (80%) cases. Full bilateral template was performed in three patients and right modified template was performed in the remaining two. Median lymph node yield was 29 (IQR 22-32) and median blood loss was 275 cc (IQR 200-300). Positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes were found in 3/5 (60%) cases. All patients who underwent RARPLND were discharged home on postoperative day one. Mean follow up was 27 months (range 3-47). No patients recurred. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the approach, RPLND may provide a diagnostic benefit in patients who present with MMTVT, with the robotic approach affording a potentially expedited recovery.
Assuntos
Excisão de Linfonodo/métodos , Linfonodos/cirurgia , Mesotelioma/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/métodos , Neoplasias Testiculares/cirurgia , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Mesotelioma/diagnóstico , Mesotelioma/secundário , Espaço Retroperitoneal , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: There has been growing interest in intracorporeal techniques to urinary diversion during cystectomy in the modern area. There is little high-quality evidence that this technique is superior to extracorporeal diversion in patients who are obtaining an orthotopic intracorporeal neobladder urinary diversion. This study describes the proposed advantages and disadvantages of intracorporeal orthotopic neobladder urinary diversion and expert opinion on preference. METHODS: We reviewed the literature for all studies discussing the outcomes and advantages of intracorporeal orthotopic neobladder urinary diversion, including those comparing the intracorporeal and extracorporeal approach. The studies were reviewed and these findings were summarized based on categories of the proposed advantages and disadvantages of the intracorporeal approach. We provided an assessment of the claims made in favor of the intracorporeal approach and discussed advantages of the extracorporeal approach that may persuade even the most experienced robotic surgeons to lean away from the former. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Herein we review the studies that propose advantages of the intracorporeal diversion, as well as the studies that do not demonstrate any advantage to this approach. Some of the proposedadvantages addressed include decreased stricture rate, lower complications and shorter hospitalization. Furthermore, we address the issues of the steep learningcurve and the impact on resident education. We conclude that the proposed benefits of an intracorporeal approach to urinary diversion are not substantiated and it is the preference of the authors to primarily perform extracorporeal urinary diversions.
ARTICULO SOLO EN INGLES.OBJETIVOS: Ha habido un interés creciente en la era moderna por las técnicas intracorpóreas dederivación urinaria durante la cistectomía. Hay pocaevidencia de alta calidad que muestre que esta técnicaes superior a la derivación extracorpórea en pacientesa los que se les hace una derivación con neovejigaortotópica intracorpórea. Este estudio describe las ventajasy desventajas propuestas de la derivación urinariacon neovejiga ortotópica intracorpórea y la opinión deexpertos sobre preferencias.MÉTODOS: Revisamos todos los estudios de la literaturaque discuten los resultados y ventajas de la derivaciónurinaria con neovejiga ortotópica intracorpórea, incluyendolos que comparan los abordajes intra y extracorpóreo.Se revisaron los estudios y estos hallazgos fueron resumidos en base a las categorías de las ventajas einconvenientes propuestos del abordaje intracorpóreo.Hicimos una evaluación de las reivindicaciones a favor del abordaje intracorpóreo y discutimos las ventajas del abordaje extracorporeo que pueden persuadir incluso a los cirujanos robóticos más experimentados para noinclinarse por el primero.RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Revisamos los estudios que proponen ventajas de la derivación intracorpórea, así como los estudios que no demuestran ninguna ventaja de este abordaje. Entre las ventajas tratadas se incluyen: disminución de la tasa de estenosis, menores complicaciones y estancias hospitalarias menores. Además, tratamos los aspectos de dificultad de la curvade aprendizaje e impacto sobre la educación del residente.Concluimos que los beneficios propuestos de un abordaje intracorpóreo de la derivación urinaria no están probados y que la preferencia de los autores esrealizar las derivaciones urinarias extracorpóreas.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Robótica , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Derivação Urinária , Cistectomia , Humanos , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of focal endoscopic excision of prostate cancer (PCa) under guidance of real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or magnetic ultrasound fusion (MUF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a cadaveric model, multifocal PCa was simulated using 2 MRI-compatible fiducial markers. These were inserted transrectally and used to generate regions of interests (ROIs) on a 1.5-T surface-coil MRI. The first marker was placed in the right mid-peripheral zone (ROI 1), and the second marker was placed in the left seminal vesicle as a referent lesion for subsequent imaging. MRI of the specimen was then obtained. The radiologist created ROIs using fusion biopsy system at each marker. Two additional incidental ROIs were identified in the left transitional zone (ROI 2-suspicious for benign prostatic hyperplasia nodule) and in the right anterior peripheral zone (ROI 3-suspicious for PCa). Holmium laser enucleation of the transitional zone of the prostate was performed to gain access to the peripheral zone lesions. MUF was used during endoscopic laser excision to convey targeting accuracy. The cadaver was then reimaged to determine the adequacy of resection and examined for histopathologic correlation. RESULTS: Real-time MUF imaging identified the target lesions consistently at the locations designated as ROIs. Complete endoscopic resection of ROIs was possible. Repeated MUF imaging and the postprocedure MRI confirmed the completeness of resection. Pathologic examination demonstrated complete excision, intact neurovascular bundles, and posterior prostatic capsule. CONCLUSION: This approach may represent a new minimally invasive frontier for focal surgical resection of PCa, making histopathologic margin status determination possible.
Assuntos
Endossonografia/métodos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Cirurgia Endoscópica por Orifício Natural/métodos , Próstata/cirurgia , Prostatectomia/métodos , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Idoso , Cadáver , Estudos de Viabilidade , Humanos , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem , Masculino , Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of robot-assisted transplanted ureteral reimplantation as a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between August 2015 and March 2016, 5 patients presented with transplanted ureteral strictures after failure of a previous endoscopic management. All patients underwent robot-assisted ureteral reimplantation. Patients' demographics, perioperative outcomes, and complications are reported. RESULTS: All patients presented with deterioration of kidney function with or without recurrent urinary tract infection. Two patients had short strictures (<1 cm) and 2 had long strictures (>1 cm), whereas 1 patient had a nitinol ureteral stent in situ. The location of the stricture varied among these patients with 3 distal and 1 proximal. Intraoperatively, 3 patients had a modified Lich-Gregoir reimplantation and 2 patients had a pyelovesicostomy. The mean operative time was 164 (±52) minutes. There were no intraoperative complications, conversion to open surgery, or significant blood loss necessitating blood transfusion. There were no urine leaks in the immediate or late postoperative period. One patient developed a Clavien grade IVa complication (sepsis). The median length of stay, the duration of catheterization, and the duration of stenting were 1 day (range 1-5 days), 7 days (range 6-14 days), and 39 days (range 25-51 days), respectively. After a median follow-up of 79 days (range 40-139 days), no strictures or delayed leakages were identified. CONCLUSION: Robot-assisted transplanted ureteral reimplantation is technically feasible. With a larger number of cases and a longer follow-up, robot-assisted transplanted ureteral reimplantation may provide a new and effective, minimally invasive alternative for the treatment of this complex surgical problem.
Assuntos
Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Insuficiência Renal/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Ureter/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Constrição Patológica/etiologia , Constrição Patológica/cirurgia , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Duração da Cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Recidiva , Insuficiência Renal/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Renal/etiologia , Reimplante , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Inferior vena cava (IVC) surgery is uncommon and has traditionally been performed through open surgical approaches. Renal cell carcinoma with IVC extension generally requires vena cavotomy and reconstruction. Open removal of malpositioned IVC filters (IVCF) is occasionally required after endovascular retrieval attempts have failed. As our experience with robotic surgery has advanced, we have applied this technology to surgery of the IVC. We reviewed our institution's experience with robotic surgical procedures involving the IVC to determine its safety and efficacy. METHODS: All patients undergoing robotic surgery that included cavotomy and repair from 2011 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Data were obtained detailing preoperative demographics, operative details, and postoperative morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Ten patients (6 men) underwent robotic vena caval procedures at our institution. Seven patients underwent robotic nephrectomy with removal of IVC tumor thrombus and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Three patients underwent robotic explantation of an IVCF after multiple endovascular attempts at removal had failed. The patients with renal cell carcinoma were a mean age of was 65.4 years (range, 55-74 years). Six patients had right-sided malignancy. All patients had T3b lesions at time of diagnosis. Mean tumor length extension into the IVC was 5 cm (range, 1-8 cm). All patients underwent robotic radical nephrectomy, with caval tumor thrombus removal and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. The average operative time for patients undergoing surgery for renal cell carcinoma was 273 minutes (range, 137-382 minutes). Average intraoperative blood loss was 428 mL (range, 150-1200 mL). The patients with IVCF removal were a mean age of 33 years (range, 24-41 years). Average time from IVCF placement until robotic removal was 35.5 months (range, 4.3-57.3 months). Before robotic IVCF removal, a minimum of two endovascular retrievals were attempted. Average operative time for patients undergoing IVCF removal was 163 minutes (range, 131-202 minutes). Intraoperative blood loss averaged 250 mL (range, 150-350 mL). All procedures were completed robotically. The mean length of stay for all patients was 3.5 days (range, 1-8 days). All patients resumed ambulation on postoperative day 1. Nine patients resumed a regular diet on postoperative day 2. One patient with a renal tumor sustained a colon injury during initial adhesiolysis, before robotic radical nephrectomy, which was recognized at the initial operation and repaired robotically. Robotic radical nephrectomy and caval tumor removal were then completed. No blood transfusions were required intraoperatively, but three patients required blood transfusions postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Although robotic IVC surgery is uncommon, our initial limited experience demonstrates it is safe and efficacious.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/métodos , Neoplasias Vasculares/cirurgia , Veia Cava Inferior/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Ligadura/métodos , Excisão de Linfonodo/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nefrectomia/métodos , Duração da Cirurgia , Posicionamento do Paciente , Segurança do Paciente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the recently introduced Lumenis Pulse 120H laser platform, which offers a dual-pedal footswitch and preset energy modes to easily switch among laser settings, facilitates a more efficient process in holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) for surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients at a single institution who underwent HoLEP with the new Lumenis Pulse 120H laser platform were matched 1:2 with patients who underwent the procedure with the previously used 100-watt VersaPulse single-pedal laser platform. Matching was performed by using propensity scores calculated by a logistic model that considered preoperative transrectal ultrasound prostate volume and patient age. The primary outcome was enucleation efficiency of each platform, determined by the weight of prostate tissue resected and enucleation time. The McNemar test and a conditional logistic model were used to associate predictors and cases. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients who underwent HoLEP with the Lumenis Pulse 120H platform were matched with 58 patients who underwent the procedure with the 100-watt platform. We observed statistically significant differences in operating room total time, procedure time, and enucleation time. Other perioperative and postoperative outcomes were comparable between the 2 groups. Enucleation efficiency was similar between the 2 laser platforms (0.89 g per minute in the control group vs 0.84 g per minute in the Lumenis Pulse 120H group). CONCLUSION: The efficiency of the new Lumenis Pulse 120H laser platform is comparable to the 100-watt VersaPulse laser platform in HoLEP when comparing g of tissue enucleated per minute.
Assuntos
Terapia a Laser , Lasers de Estado Sólido/uso terapêutico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Próstata , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirurgia , Idoso , Pesquisa Comparativa da Efetividade , Humanos , Terapia a Laser/efeitos adversos , Terapia a Laser/instrumentação , Terapia a Laser/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Duração da Cirurgia , Próstata/patologia , Próstata/cirurgia , Hiperplasia Prostática/diagnóstico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: To systemically measure the impact of trainees' participation on the perioperative and functional outcomes after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Benign prostatic hyperplasia patients who underwent HoLEP at our department between January 2007 and January 2013 were classified based on trainee's level. Perioperative outcomes and complications were collected. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and International Continence Society-Short Form (ICSmaleSF) questionnaires. Voiding and incontinence domains of ICSmaleSF were assessed separately. Patients were divided into group 1 if no trainee participated in the operation, group 2 if a senior trainee performed the operation, and group 3 if a junior trainee participated in the operation. The patient's baseline characteristics, complications, and perioperative outcomes were compared. RESULTS: There were no differences in the baseline characteristics. There were significant differences in overall operative and enucleation time (p = 0.0186, p = 0.0047, respectively) with shorter times noticed with more experienced operators. There were no differences in resected tissue weight, hemoglobin change, and transfusion rates. Postoperatively, all patients had a similar length of stay and catheterization. Complications (graded by Clavien grading system) were not different. All patients were followed up at regular intervals starting at 6 weeks, 3 months , 6 months, 1 year, and every year after that and there were no differences in flow rates or post void residual volumes at any time point. There were no differences in SHIM, IPSS, and ICSmale voiding scale among the groups. However, ICSmale continence scale was significantly different where the highest score seen in group 2. CONCLUSION: Trainee participation in HoLEP in a controlled training environment does not compromise the safety of the procedure.
Assuntos
Lasers de Estado Sólido/uso terapêutico , Hiperplasia Prostática , Qualidade de Vida , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata , Competência Clínica/normas , Escolaridade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Perioperatório/psicologia , Período Perioperatório/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Hiperplasia Prostática/patologia , Hiperplasia Prostática/fisiopatologia , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirurgia , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/diagnóstico , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/etiologia , Ensino/normas , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata/efeitos adversos , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata/instrumentação , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata/métodos , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata/normas , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos , Incontinência Urinária/diagnóstico , Incontinência Urinária/etiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: To examine the infectious outcomes after the insertion of the temporary prostatic urethral stent (TPUS) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between November 2007 and September 2012, ninety TPUS were used in 33 patients with BPH at our institution. All patients had negative urine cultures prior to the first stent insertion. TPUS were sent for cultures at time of removal or exchange. Stents were removed at the time of definite surgical intervention, at 4-6 weeks, or when patients elected another course of treatment. Colonization was defined as asymptomatic positive stent culture. Infection was defined as symptomatic positive stent culture requiring treatment. Infection and colonization rates are reported. Logistic regression was used to examine the predictors of infection at any point. Predictors examined were age, body mass index, history of prostate cancer, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, neurologic disorder, erectile dysfunction and the sequence of stent placement. RESULTS: The majority of the subjects, 72% (24/33) had 1-2 stents, 9.0% (3/33) had 3-4 stents, 6.0% (2/33) had 5-6 stents, and 12% (4/33) of patients had more than 6 stents. From the 69 available culture results, the symptomatic infection rate was 16% (11/69) (95% CI: 8.2%-26.7%). The colonization rate was 58% (40/69) (95% CI: 45.5%-69.7%). None of the predictors examined were identified as a predictor of infection. There was no colonization detected when stents were removed in the first 20 days. CONCLUSION: Infection rates with TPUS in BPH patients are acceptable and early removal may prevent colonization.
Assuntos
Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter , Remoção de Dispositivo/métodos , Técnicas Microbiológicas/métodos , Stents , Ureterostomia , Urinálise/métodos , Derivação Urinária , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Arizona , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/diagnóstico , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/etiologia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/microbiologia , Intervenção Médica Precoce/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Hiperplasia Prostática/complicações , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirurgia , Fatores de Risco , Stents/efeitos adversos , Stents/microbiologia , Ureterostomia/efeitos adversos , Ureterostomia/instrumentação , Ureterostomia/métodos , Derivação Urinária/instrumentação , Derivação Urinária/métodosRESUMO
The last two decades witnessed the inception and exponential implementation of key technological advancements in laparoscopic urology. While some of these technologies thrived and became part of daily practice, others are still hindered by major challenges. This review was conducted through a comprehensive literature search in order to highlight some of the most promising technologies in laparoscopic visualization, augmented reality, and insufflation. Additionally, this review will provide an update regarding the current status of single-site and natural orifice surgery in urology.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) using a serial, cross-sectional study design. METHODS: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample, the largest, publicly available, all-payer, inpatient database, was searched to identify patients of any age who underwent PCNL from 1998 to 2011. Annual procedure incidence rates were estimated using the total US Census Bureau populations. RESULTS: Data indicated that 105,180 patients underwent PCNL during the study period. The overall annual rate increased from 17 to 31 per million US adults (P < .001), with significant increases among white (P < .001) and Hispanic (P = .03) patients. Both sexes had significant increases in procedure rates: males increased from 17 to 30 per million adults (P < .001), and females increased from 17 to 32 (P < .001). PCNL among patients younger than 18 years was relatively stable (P = .59), whereas among patients aged 18 to 64 years, the procedure rate increased from 39 to 70 per million adults (P < .001), and patients older than 65 years had a larger increase, from 52 to 113 per million (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The incidence of PCNL in the United States nearly doubled from 1998 to 2011.