[Primary health care in disaster situations: systematic reviewAtención primaria de salud en situaciones de desastre: revisión sistemática]. / Atenção primária à saúde em situações de desastres: revisão sistemática.

OBJECTIVE: To identify evidence from the literature regarding interventions related to preparedness and response of primary health care (PHC) teams in situations of natural disaster. METHOD: Systematic review of the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Disasters, and Google Scholar. Quantitative case-control, cohort, or cross-sectional studies reporting interventions in the context of PHC on populations exposed to natural disaster were selected. RESULTS: Six studies were analyzed, performed in the Philippines, Vietnam, United States, Chile, and India. The preparedness interventions identified in the studies included the design of nursing preparedness and community education protocols; community vulnerability risk assessment; and identification of PHC services for implementation of disaster management plans. The response interventions described referred to trauma care, prevention of health problems, and participation in training. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence identified in the literature suggest that preparedness interventions are inadequate, and that the PHC response capacity is poor in situations of natural disaster.

OBJETIVO: Encontrar pruebas bibliográficas sobre intervenciones relacionadas con la preparación y la respuesta de los equipos de atención primaria de salud (APS) en situaciones de desastre relacionadas con amenazas naturales. MÉTODOS: Revisión sistemática de la bibliografía realizada en las bases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Disasters y Google Scholar. Se seleccionaron estudios cuantitativos (de diseño transversal, de casos y testigos, o de cohortes) referentes a intervenciones en grupos poblacionales expuestos a desastres naturales en el contexto de la APS. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron seis estudios realizados en Chile, Estados Unidos, Filipinas, India y Vietnam. Las intervenciones de preparación encontradas incluyeron la elaboración de protocolos de preparación del personal de enfermería y de educación de la comunidad; la evaluación del riesgo de vulnerabilidad de la comunidad; y la identificación de los servicios de APS para realizar planes de gestión de desastres. Las intervenciones de respuesta descritas se centraron en el tratamiento de traumatismos, la prevención de afecciones de salud y la participación en cursos de capacitación. CONCLUSIONES: Las pruebas identificadas señalaron que las intervenciones de preparación son inadecuadas y que el desempeño en lo referente a la capacidad de respuesta de la APS es deficiente en situaciones de desastre.

Psychometric properties of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale adapted for people who use psychoactive substances.

BACKGROUND: People who consume psychoactive substances may experience situations of social stigma on the part of the society in general, and also situations of internalized-stigma derived from their own consumption of substances. The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale has been shown to be valid and reliable to evaluate the internalized-stigma in people with severe mental disorders, but in Argentina there is no a Spanish version of this scale for use with people who use psychoactive substances. The objective of this work was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness instrument adapted for people who use psychoactive substances. METHOD: The work was carried out on a sample of 200 patients older than 18 years under treatment of rehabilitation by consumption of psychoactive substances in a public institution of the city of Córdoba (Argentina) between the years 2014 and 2016. The instrument used was the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) previously adapted for use in these groups of patients. It was determined the reliability of the scale through Cronbach's coefficients α and factorial structure was analyzed through an exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: The obtained coefficients showed a high reliability, while in the factorial structure emerged the 4 theoretical dimensions described by Ritsher, namely: social isolation, perceived discrimination, alienation and stereotyping. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the scale adapted for people who use psychoactive substances is reliable and with an adequate factorial structure.

Analysis of household expenditure on healthcare in Argentina, as a component of universal health coverage. / Análisis del gasto de los hogares en salud en Argentina, como componente de la cobertura universal de salud.

The 2010 World Health Report of WHO established a conceptual framework for the analysis of the components of Universal Health Coverage; three dimensions were suggested: services coverage, financial coverage, and population coverage. Within this framework, health-related spending of argentine households for the year 2012-2013 are analyzed. The analysis was performed on data retrieved from the National Survey of Household Expenditure 2012-2013. Household healthcare expenditure indicators were built following Sherri's proposal (2012) and multivariate models were defined to identify determiners of household spending. Results indicate that catastrophic spending situations affect 2.3% of the country households, whereas impoverishment resulting from spending on healthcare was detected in 1.7% of them.

Análisis del gasto de los hogares en salud en Argentina, como componente de la cobertura universal de salud / Analysis of household expenditure on healthcare in Argentina, as a component of universal health coverage

Resumen El Informe Mundial de Salud 2010 de la OMS delineó un marco conceptual para analizar los componentes de la Cobertura Universal de Salud, sugiriendo tres dimensiones: cobertura del servicio, cobertura financiera y cobertura de la población. A partir de ese marco, se analizan los gastos relacionados a la salud en los hogares argentinos en el año 2012/13. Para el análisis se utilizó como fuente de datos la Encuesta Nacional de Gastos de Hogares 2012/13. Se construyeron indicadores de gasto en salud de los hogares siguiendo la propuesta de Sherri (2012) y se definieron modelos multivariados para identificar determinantes del gasto de los hogares. Los resultados evidencian que la situación de gasto catastrófico en compromete al 2,3% de los hogares del país, mientras que el empobrecimiento debido al gasto en salud se encontró en el 1,7% de los hogares.

Abstract The 2010 World Health Report of WHO established a conceptual framework for the analysis of the components of Universal Health Coverage; three dimensions were suggested: services coverage, financial coverage, and population coverage. Within this framework, health-related spending of argentine households for the year 2012-2013 are analyzed. The analysis was performed on data retrieved from the National Survey of Household Expenditure 2012-2013. Household healthcare expenditure indicators were built following Sherri’s proposal (2012) and multivariate models were defined to identify determiners of household spending. Results indicate that catastrophic spending situations affect 2.3% of the country households, whereas impoverishment resulting from spending on healthcare was detected in 1.7% of them.

Funcionamiento familiar e intentos de suicidio en un hospital público de Argentina / Family functioning and suicide attempts at a public hospital of Argentina

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar los componentes funcionales de la dinámica familiar y factores asociados al intento de suicidio en pacientes asistidos en un hospital público de Argentina en el año 2015. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la guardia del Hospital Regional Dr. Ramón Carrillo. La muestra fue de 116 pacientes. Se administró un cuestionario con 2 instrumentos validados: el Apgar familiar y la Escala de riesgo de suicidio. Resultados: El 51% de los casos fueron mujeres. El método más utilizado fue la ingesta de fármacos. Predominaron las personas sin pareja. Se obtuvo una media de edad de 28 años y un promedio de 2 intentos de suicidio por persona. Los componentes funcionales respecto de la comunicación y el afecto fueron los más afectados. Los factores asociados al riesgo suicida más importantes fueron los afectos negativos, los sentimientos de soledad y la ideación suicida. Se observó una correlación negativa entre funcionamiento familiar y riesgo suicida. Conclusiones: La dinámica del grupo familiar influye de manera directa o indirecta sobre las conductas suicidas de un miembro del grupo familiar, por lo que es imprescindible reforzar las estrategias que prioricen la salud familiar y la detección precoz de conductas suicidas.

Abstract: Objectives: To analyze the functional components of family dynamics and factors associated with attempted suicide in assisted patients in a public hospital in the city of Santiago del Estero in 2015. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed at the Regional Hospital Dr. Ramón Carrillo. The sample was 116 patients. A questionnaire was administered with two validated instruments: the family Apgar and the Suicide Risk Scale. Results: A total of 51% of the cases were women; the most commonly used method was drug ingestion. People with no partner predominated. An average age of 28 years was obtained. An average of two suicide attempts per person. The functional components regarding communication and affect were the most affected. The factors associated with the most important suicidal risk were negative affections, feelings of loneliness and suicidal ideation. There was a negative correlation between family functioning and suicidal risk. Conclusions: The dynamics of the family group directly or indirectly influence the suicidal behavior of a member of the family group. Therefore, it is essential to reinforce strategies that prioritize family health and the early detection of suicidal behavior.

Analisis de reportes de incidentes que afectan la seguridad del paciente en un hospital de Cordoba / Analysis of reported incidents affecting patient safety in a hospital in Cordoba

El objetivo fue describir los eventos notificados que afecten la seguridad del paciente, en el año 2014 en un hospital de gestión privada de Cordoba. Se analizaron un total de 678 incidentes reportados a traves del programa informatico. La mayor frecuencia de incidentes fue en procesos de administracion de farmacos y comunicacionales. Este estudio representa un primer espacio de analisis y diagnostico de situacion de la seguridad del paciente en la institución, a la vez es un importante insumo para trabajar con el personal en base a ello...

Community Mental Health in disaster situations. A review of community-based models of approach.

A review of narrative literature is performed, aimed at exploring psychosocial intervention models in disaster situations. The documents reviewed were retrieved from PubMed, SciELO, GoogleScholar, and Medline, correspond to the period 1980-2014, and are written in Spanish, English and French. Web pages of international and government organizations were also searched. Four types of psychosocial interventions in disaster situations were identified: based on time, centered on a specific type of disaster, by spheres or levels of action, and person-centered. This review detected differences and similarities arising from the theoretical conception of disasters and the integral vision of the phenomena. The importance of creating and supporting programs based on community empowerment and participation as the basis for psychosocial intervention is stressed.

Salud mental en la comunidad en situaciones de desastre. Una revisión de los modelos de abordaje en la comunidad / Community Mental Health in disaster situations. A review of community-based models of approach

Resumen Resumen Se realizó un trabajo de revisión de literatura de tipo narrativo, con el objetivo de explorar los modelos de intervención psicosocial en situaciones de desastre. Se incluyeron documentos rescatados a través de PubMed, SciELO, GoogleScholar, y Medline entre los años 1980-2014 en idioma español, inglés y francés. Además se efectuaron búsquedas en sitios web de organizaciones internacionales y gubernamentales para recopilar información relacionada a documentos que reportaban experiencias y resultados. Se identificaron 4 tipos de intervenciones psicosociales en situaciones de desastre: las basadas en el tiempo, las centradas en un tipo de desastre específico, las intervenciones por esferas o niveles de acción y las centradas en las personas. Los modelos de abordaje analizados contaron con diferencias y similitudes, a partir de la concepción teórica del desastre y de la visión integral del fenómeno. Se resalta la necesidad de generar y apoyar programas donde el empoderamiento y la participación comunitaria sean el eje de las intervenciones psicosociales.

Abstract A review of narrative literature is performed, aimed at exploring psychosocial intervention models in disaster situations. The documents reviewed were retrieved from PubMed, SciELO, GoogleScholar, and Medline, correspond to the period 1980-2014, and are written in Spanish, English and French. Web pages of international and government organizations were also searched. Four types of psychosocial interventions in disaster situations were identified: based on time, centered on a specific type of disaster, by spheres or levels of action, and person-centered. This review detected differences and similarities arising from the theoretical conception of disasters and the integral vision of the phenomena. The importance of creating and supporting programs based on community empowerment and participation as the basis for psychosocial intervention is stressed.

Estigma internalizado en consumidores de drogas en Córdoba, Argentina / Internalized stigma in drug users in Córdoba, Argentina

Resumen Objetivo Determinar el estigma internalizado en personas que consumen sustancias psicoactivas en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. Método Trabajo descriptivo en 87 pacientes mayores de 18 años bajo tratamiento de rehabilitación por consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en una institución pública. El instrumento utilizado fue el Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness adaptado previamente. Resultados En la muestra se identificaron puntuaciones que indican un estigma internalizado moderado a severo en 17 de los 29 ítems de la escala. Además, se observaron mayores indicadores de estigma en pacientes que declararon consumir solo alcohol, que en los pacientes que declararon policonsumo. Conclusiones El estigma internalizado es una problemática frecuente entre las personas que consumen sustancias psicoactivas, aunque puede tener mayor severidad en las personas que consumen solo alcohol.

Abstract Aim To determine internalized stigma in people who use psychoactive substances and are under rehabilitation treatment in the city of Cordoba. Methods The study was descriptive in 87 inpatients over 18 years, who are under rehabilitation treatment for psychoactive substance use. The instrument was the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness previously adapted. Results In the sample, there were identified scores that indicate moderate to severe internalized stigma in 17 of the 29 items of the total scale. Also, it was observed higher stigma indicators in patients who reported consuming only alcohol, than patients who reported multiple substances consumption. Conclusions Internalized stigma is a common problem among people who use psychoactive substances; moreover, stigma can be more severe in people who consume only alcohol, than people who consume alcohol in combination with other substances.

[Prevalence of mental health disorders among patientswho attendeda service of neurology for chronic pain].

UNLABELLED: The association between chronic pain and mental disorders is a determining factor of the disease evolution and requires a comprehensive approach in patients. OBJECTIVE: evaluate the prevalence of mental disorders in patients with chronic pain who use the service of Neurology at the National Clinical Hospital, Cordoba, Argentina. METHODOLOGY: the study included patients with chronic pain who used the Neurology service, National Clinical Hospital in Cordoba, Argentina, selected from a validated form that contains the appropriate clinical criteria. Mental disorders were evaluated in a sample of 351 patients through the CIDI 3.0. The interviewers were properly trained to implement it. Data were analyzed using InfoStat® statistical software. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 41.94±2.02 years, ranging from 20 to 65, 88.32% being women. It showed that 50.98% of the consultants for chronic pain had an episode of mental disorders throughout their life. Thus, the lifetime prevalence for affective disorders was 29.4% and neurotic disorders, stress related disorders and somatoform disorders was 41.2%. CONCLUSION: The results contributed to identify the background frequency and characteristics of mental disorders in patients presenting with chronic pain in a service of Neurology, requiring the need to implement a comprehensive clinical intervention, and to continue the research to assess concurrent comorbidity of both conditions.

[Screening for posttraumatic stress disorder in people affected by the 2010 earthquake in Chile.] / Screening de trastornos de estrés postraumático en población afectada por el terremoto chileno de 2010.

The authors conducted an assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder screening in the Chilean population following the February 2010 earthquake, based on the Post Earthquake Survey with a multistage sample of 24,982 individuals over 18 years of age, applying the Davidson Trauma Scale. Multivariate analysis was performed with significance set at p<0.05. Prevalence of positive screening for post-traumatic stress disorder was 11% for the country as a whole, but reached 30% at lower-level disaggregation. The logistic regression model for post-traumatic stress disorder identified the following risk factors: belonging to a low-income family, having suffered damage to the household, a history of health problems in the previous month, and female gender (p<0.05). Family coping with the earthquake proved to be a protective factor as compared to other social or neighborhood groups, and more years of schooling were also protective (p<0.05). Positive screening for posttraumatic stress disorders revealed clear social inequalities.

Consumption of psychoactive substances and the relation with vulnerability and poverty in Argentina / O consumo de substâncias psicoativas e sua relação com condições de vulnerabilidade e pobreza na Argentina / El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y su relación con condiciones de vulnerabilidad y pobreza en Argentina

A total of 6,122 cases taken from the National Survey of Psychoactive Substance Prevalence - Encuesta Nacional de Prevalencia de Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas (ENPreCoSP-2.008) were analyzed in order to determine the prevalence of consumption of legal and illegal psychoactive substances in the 18-34 year old population group in 10 Argentinian provinces and the relationship with Unsatisfied Basic Needs and level of income. Consumption was more prevalent among males and those aged 18-24. Logistic regression of consumption of legal substances in the preceding month showed that Unsatisfied Basic Needs and being male to be risk factors, whereas income above the poverty line was a protection factor (p<0,05).(AU)

Foram analisados 6.122 casos da base de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Prevalência de Consumo de Substâncias Psicoativas (sigla em espanhol: ENPreCoSP-2.008) para determinar prevalências de consumo de substâncias psicoativas legais e ilegais em pessoas de 18-34 anos de 10 províncias argentinas, e sua relação com Necessidades Básicas Insatisfeitas e nível de renda. O consumo foi mais prevalente entre os 18-24 anos e em homens. A regressão logística sobre o consumo de substâncias legais no último mês evidenciou as Necessidades Básicas Insatisfeitas e o sexo masculino como fatores de risco, enquanto ter renda superior à linha da pobreza foi um fator de proteção (p<0,05).(AU)

Se analizaron 6.122 casos de la base de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Prevalencia de Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas (ENPreCoSP-2.008) para determinar prevalencias de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas legales e ilegales en población de 18-34 años de 10 provincias argentinas, y su relación con Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas y nivel de ingresos. El consumo fue más prevalente entre los 18-24 años y en varones. La regresión logística sobre el consumo de sustancias legales en el último mes evidenció como factores de riesgo a las Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas y el sexo masculino, mientras que tener ingresos superiores a la línea de la pobreza fue un factor de protección (p<0,05).(AU)

Consumption of psychoactive substances and the relation with vulnerability and poverty in Argentina / O consumo de substâncias psicoativas e sua relação com condições de vulnerabilidade e pobreza na Argentina / El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y su relación con condiciones de vulnerabilidad y pobreza en Argentina

A total of 6,122 cases taken from the National Survey of Psychoactive Substance Prevalence - Encuesta Nacional de Prevalencia de Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas (ENPreCoSP-2.008) were analyzed in order to determine the prevalence of consumption of legal and illegal psychoactive substances in the 18-34 year old population group in 10 Argentinian provinces and the relationship with Unsatisfied Basic Needs and level of income. Consumption was more prevalent among males and those aged 18-24. Logistic regression of consumption of legal substances in the preceding month showed that Unsatisfied Basic Needs and being male to be risk factors, whereas income above the poverty line was a protection factor (p<0,05)...

Foram analisados 6.122 casos da base de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Prevalência de Consumo de Substâncias Psicoativas (sigla em espanhol: ENPreCoSP-2.008) para determinar prevalências de consumo de substâncias psicoativas legais e ilegais em pessoas de 18-34 anos de 10 províncias argentinas, e sua relação com Necessidades Básicas Insatisfeitas e nível de renda. O consumo foi mais prevalente entre os 18-24 anos e em homens. A regressão logística sobre o consumo de substâncias legais no último mês evidenciou as Necessidades Básicas Insatisfeitas e o sexo masculino como fatores de risco, enquanto ter renda superior à linha da pobreza foi um fator de proteção (p<0,05)...

Se analizaron 6.122 casos de la base de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Prevalencia de Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas (ENPreCoSP-2.008) para determinar prevalencias de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas legales e ilegales en población de 18-34 años de 10 provincias argentinas, y su relación con Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas y nivel de ingresos. El consumo fue más prevalente entre los 18-24 años y en varones. La regresión logística sobre el consumo de sustancias legales en el último mes evidenció como factores de riesgo a las Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas y el sexo masculino, mientras que tener ingresos superiores a la línea de la pobreza fue un factor de protección (p<0,05)...

Screening de trastornos de estrés postraumático en población afectada por el terremoto chileno de 2010 / Screening for posttraumatic stress disorder in people affected by the 2010 earthquake in Chile / Triagem para transtorno de estresse pós-traumático em pessoas afetadas pelo terremoto chileno de 2010

Se analizó un screening de trastornos de estrés postraumático en habitantes chilenos, como consecuencia del terremoto de febrero de 2010; a partir de una Encuesta Post Terremoto con una muestra multietápica de 24.982 personas mayores de 18 años, a quienes se aplicó la Escala de Trauma de Davidson. La prevalencia de screening positivo para los trastornos de estrés postraumático fue del 11% en el país, pero a menor nivel de desagregación llegaron a observarse prevalencias del 30%. El modelo de regresión logística para la estimación de la variable trastornos de estrés postraumático identificó como factores de riesgo el hecho de pertenecer un hogar pobre, haber sufrido daños en la vivienda, haber tenido algún problema de salud en el último mes y ser mujer (p<0,05). También se encontró que el afrontamiento del sismo en familia resultó como un factor protector, en relación a afrontarlo con otros colectivos sociales (vecinos), la mayor cantidad de años de educación formal también fue identificada como un factor de protección (p<0,05). Se observaron claras desigualdades sociales en las personas que presentaron un screening positivo.

The authors conducted an assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder screening in the Chilean population following the February 2010 earthquake, based on the Post Earthquake Survey with a multistage sample of 24,982 individuals over 18 years of age, applying the Davidson Trauma Scale. Multivariate analysis was performed with significance set at p<0.05. Prevalence of positive screening for post-traumatic stress disorder was 11% for the country as a whole, but reached 30% at lower-level disaggregation. The logistic regression model for post-traumatic stress disorder identified the following risk factors: belonging to a low-income family, having suffered damage to the household, a history of health problems in the previous month, and female gender (p<0.05). Family coping with the earthquake proved to be a protective factor as compared to other social or neighborhood groups, and more years of schooling were also protective (p<0.05). Positive screening for posttraumatic stress disorders revealed clear social inequalities.

Foram analisados dados associados a transtornos de estresse pós-traumáticos apresentados por uma população do Chile, após o terremoto de fevereiro de 2010, a partir de uma pesquisa pós-terremoto (EPT 2010, Chile) com uma amostra multiestágio de 24.982 pessoas de mais de 18 anos, com aplicação da Escala de Trauma Davidson. A prevalência de casos positivos de screening para transtornos avaliados foi de 11% no país, mas em um nível inferior de desagregação, a prevalência observada atingiu 30%. O modelo de regressão logística para estimar a variável transtornos de estresse pós-traumático identificou como fatores de risco o fato de pertencer a uma família pobre, ter sofrido danos em seu domicílio, ter problemas de saúde no último mês e ser do sexo feminino (p<0,05). Também se encontrou que enfrentar o terremoto em família resultou como um fator de proteção em comparação com outros grupos sociais ou vizinhos, o maior número de anos de educação formal também foi identificado como um fator de proteção (p<0,05). Foram observadas claras desigualdades sociais em pessoas que tiveram screening positivo.

Evaluación de la ansiedad en pacientes ante pruebas diagnósticas de patología cardiovascular / Assessment of anxiesty in patient with cardiovascular disease diagnostic test

Se realizó un estudio para indagar el nivel de ansiedad que presentan los pacientes ante pruebas diagnosticas cardiovasculares durante el año 2011. El trabajo fue de tipo descriptivo, transversal. La muestra fue de 161 pacientes que asistieron a un servicio de medicina nuclear. Se utilizó la esacala de ansiedad Estado Rasgo A/E STAI (inventario de ansiedad estado y rasgo) Entre los resultados se destaca el nivel de A/E medio en el 45,34% de los pacientes, y A/R en el 50,31%. Niveles altos de ansiedad en el 22,36%. Las mujeres presentaron mayores porcentajes que los varones de A/E con 24,46% de nivel medio y 14,91% de nivel alto. Se puede concluir que los niveles de ansiedad media fueron los de mayor frecuencia, mientras que las mujeres mostraron mayores porcentajes en los niveles de ansiedad que los varones.

Trastornos de estrés postraumático en población afectada por el terremoto chileno del 27 de febrero de 2010 / PTSD in people affected by the Chilean earthquake of February 27, 2010

El 27 de febrero de 2010 ocurrió en Chile un terremoto de una magnitud de 8,3 grados de acuerdo al servicio sismológico chileno. Luego del terremoto, se generó un tsunami que golpeó en la costa chilena, destruyendo algunas poblaciones que previamente habían sido impactadas por el sismo. Las regiones más severamente afectadas por el evento fueron O’Higgins, Maule, Bío Bío, Valparaíso, Santiago y Araucanía. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la presencia de factores de riesgo para los trastornos de estrés postraumático en los habitantes de 6 regiones chilenas. Se analizó una base de datos secundaria correspondiente a la Encuesta Post Terremoto (EPT 2010, Chile), La muestra de hogares fue de 22.456 y de 75.986 personas. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos uni y bivariados e inferenciales multivariados con un nivel de significación de p<0,05. El modelo de regresión logística para la estimación de la variable estrés postraumático identificó como factores de riesgo para tener un score de screening positivo al hecho de pertenecer un hogar pobre, haber sufrido daños en la vivienda, haber tenido algún problema de salud en el último mes y ser mujer (p<0,05). También se encontró que el hecho de afrontar el evento sísmico en familia resultó como un factor protector en relación a afrontarlo con otros colectivos sociales (por ejemplo, vecinos), la mayor cantidad de años de educación formal también fue identificada como un factor de protección (p<0,05)...

In February 27th 2010, in Chile occurred an earthquake with a magnitude of 8.3 degrees according to Chilean Seismological Service. After the earthquake it have been generated a tsunami which destroyed some populations that had previously been impacted by the earthquake. The most affected regions by the event were O'Higgins, Maule, Bio Bio, Valparaíso, Santiago and Araucanía. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) in the population of six Chilean regions. It was performed an analysis of the database corresponding to the Post Earthquake Survey (EPT 2010, Chile), the sample of households was 22,456 and 75,986 people. Statistical analysis was descriptive univariate and bivariate; and multivariate inferential statistics with a significance of p <0.05. The logistic regression model to estimate the variable PTSD identified as risk factors for a positive screening score to belong to a poor household, having a damaged house, have had any health problems in the last month and being female (p <0.05). It was also found that facing the seismic event in family as a protective factor in relation to coping with other social groups (eg neighbors), a greater amount of years of formal education was also identified as a protective factor (p <0.05)...

[Psychoactive substance use in two regions of Argentina and its relationship to poverty]. / Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en dos regiones argentinas y su relación con indicadores de pobreza.

Data were analyzed from the National Survey on Substance Use (ENPreCoSP-2.008) in 6,122 cases to estimate the prevalence of psychoactive substance use and assess the association between unmet basic needs (UBN) and family income and the consumption of psychoactive substances by individuals 18-34 years of age in 10 provinces in Northern Argentina. The study conducted descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression. Prevalence of lifetime drug use and use in the previous year and previous month were higher for legal versus illegal substances. Consumption was also higher in males. Poverty indicators were significantly associated with the consumption of legal substances. The findings show differences in consumption of psychoactive substances related to gender and poverty.

Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en dos regiones argentinas y su relación con indicadores de pobreza / Psychoactive substance use in two regions of Argentina and its relationship to poverty / Consumo de substâncias psicoativas em duas regiões argentinas e sua relação com indicadores de pobreza

Data were analyzed from the National Survey on Substance Use (ENPreCoSP-2.008) in 6,122 cases to estimate the prevalence of psychoactive substance use and assess the association between unmet basic needs (UBN) and family income and the consumption of psychoactive substances by individuals 18-34 years of age in 10 provinces in Northern Argentina. The study conducted descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression. Prevalence of lifetime drug use and use in the previous year and previous month were higher for legal versus illegal substances. Consumption was also higher in males. Poverty indicators were significantly associated with the consumption of legal substances. The findings show differences in consumption of psychoactive substances related to gender and poverty.

Se realizó un análisis de base de datos recolectados en la Encuesta Nacional de Prevalencia de Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas (ENPreCoSP-2.008) tomando 6.122 casos, con los objetivos de describir las prevalencias de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas; y evaluar la asociación entre la existencia de necesidades básicas insatisfechas y el nivel de ingresos familiares, con el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en personas entre las edades de 18 a 34 años, residentes en las regiones noroeste (NOA) y noreste (NEA) argentino. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y regresión logística. Las prevalencias de consumo en la vida, el último año y el último mes fueron mayores en sustancias legales. Así también, el consumo fue mayor en el sexo masculino. Los indicadores de situación de pobreza operaron como factor de riesgo para el consumo de sustancias legales. Los resultados encontrados dan cuenta de situaciones diferenciales en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, en relación al género y a las condiciones de pobreza.

Realizou-se uma análise de base de dados coletados durante a Encuesta Nacional de Prevalencia de Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas (ENPreCoSP-2.008) tomando 6.122 casos, com objetivos de descrever as prevalências de consumo de substâncias psicoactivas, e avaliar a associação entre a existência de necessidades básicas insatisfeitas e o nível de renda familiar, com o consumo de substâncias psicoactivas em pessoas de 18 a 34 anos, residentes nas regiões noroeste (NOA) e nordeste (NEA) da Argentina. Realizaram-se análises descritivas e regressão logística. As prevalências de consumo durante a vida, o último ano e o último mês foram maiores entre as substâncias legais. O consumo também foi maior no sexo masculino. Os indicadores da situação de pobreza operaram como fator de risco para o consumo de substâncias legais. Os resultados encontrados mostram situações diferenciais no consumo de substâncias psicoativas, em relação ao gênero e as condições de pobreza.