[Macrosystemic approach in cytological studies of the urothelial urinary bladder using the computerized morphometry data].

The work is devoted to studying a possibility to use, for cytological diagnostics of urogenital neoplasms, of macrosystemic approaches, aimed to estimate cell systemic reactions during blasttransformation and treatment (exemplified by 95 urinary bladder cancer patients). Changes in size of nuclear and cytoplasmic areas were studied, in addition to the average activity of synthetic processes or functional activity of cell structures, and to the level of heterogeneity of functional tension in the cell space.

[Determination of nucleolar organizer activity in the differential diagnosis of transition-cell tumors of the bladder]. / Opredelenie aktivnosti iadryshkovykh organizatorov pri differentsial'noi diagnostike perekhodno-kletochnykh opukholei mochevogo puzyria.

Assessment of cells during cytologic diagnosis is based on a complex of morphologic features of the nucleus and nucleolus whose increased polymorphism is characteristic of tumor cells. Introduction in clinical cytology of the nucleoli silvering method permitted assessment of the activity of nucleolar organizers in which ribosomal RNA transcription is carried out determining further growth, maturation, and volume of a cell. Silver ions precipitate at sites of active transcription forming granules which may be analyzed. The number of argentophilic granules in transitional-cell tumors increases as differentiation of the studied cellular elements deteriorates. The highest activity of the nucleolar organizer was observed in poorly-differentiated cells. Silvering method may be widely used in studies of nucleolar morphofunctional organization and of complex metabolic processes in the cells.

[Cytologic diagnosis of papillomas and cancer of the bladder]. / Tsitologicheskaia diagnostika papillom i raka mochevogo puzyria.

Cystoscopy is the principal method in the diagnosis of bladder cancer and precancer, but though visual examination of the bladder cavity via a cystoscope is comparatively easy, early correct diagnosis is not always possible because of small volume of the bladder, urethral stricture, mucosal changes in the bladder. That is why so much attention is paid to the cytologic diagnosis of bladder conditions. To estimate the diagnostic value of the cytologic method for the recognition of bladder precancer states and cancer the authors have analyzed cytograms of 145 patients. Smears obtained by alcohol washing off were under study. Cytologic and cytochemical analysis of alcohol washings-off has proved to be a valuable extra method for the diagnosis of pretumor and tumor processes; along with cystoscopy and biopsy the cytologic method is recommended for wide practice, for its use will contribute to earlier detection of urologic conditions.