Individualized Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Mexico City Municipality during the First Six Waves of the Pandemic.

After COVID-19 emerged, alternative methods to laboratory tests for the individualized prediction of SARS-CoV-2 were developed in several world regions. The objective of this investigation was to develop models for the individualized prediction of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large municipality of Mexico. The study included data from 36,949 patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection who received a diagnostic tested at health centers of the Alvaro Obregon Jurisdiction in Mexico City registered in the Epidemiological Surveillance System for Viral Respiratory Diseases (SISVER-SINAVE). The variables that were different between a positive test and a negative test were used to generate multivariate binary logistic regression models. There was a large variation in the prediction variables for the models of different pandemic waves. The models obtained an overall accuracy of 73% (63-82%), sensitivity of 52% (18-71%), and specificity of 84% (71-92%). In conclusion, the individualized prediction models of a positive COVID-19 test based on SISVER-SINAVE data had good performance. The large variation in the prediction variables for the models of different pandemic waves highlights the continuous change in the factors that influence the spread of COVID-19. These prediction models could be applied in early case identification strategies, especially in vulnerable populations.

Recurrent alcohol-associated hepatitis is common and is associated with increased mortality.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Alcohol relapse after surviving an episode of alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is common. However, the clinical features, risk factors, and prognostic implications of recurrent alcohol-associated hepatitis (RAH) are not well described. APPROACH AND RESULTS: A registry-based study was done of patients admitted to 28 Spanish hospitals for an episode of AH between 2014 and 2021. Baseline demographics and laboratory variables were collected. Risk factors for RAH were investigated using Cox regression analysis. We analyzed the severity of the index episodes of AH and compared it to that of RAH. Long-term survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. A total of 1118 patients were included in the analysis, 125 (11%) of whom developed RAH during follow-up (median: 17 [7-36] months). The incidence of RAH in patients resuming alcohol use was 22%. The median time to recurrence was 14 (8-29) months. Patients with RAH had more psychiatric comorbidities. Risk factors for developing RAH included age <50 years, alcohol use >10 U/d, and history of liver decompensation. RAH was clinically more severe compared to the first AH (higher MELD, more frequent ACLF, and HE). Moreover, alcohol abstinence during follow-up was less common after RAH (18% vs. 45%, p <0.001). Most importantly, long-term mortality was higher in patients who developed RAH (39% vs. 21%, p = 0.026), and presenting with RAH independently predicted high mortality (HR: 1.55 [1.11-2.18]). CONCLUSIONS: RAH is common and has a more aggressive clinical course, including increased mortality. Patients surviving an episode of AH should undergo intense alcohol use disorder therapy to prevent RAH.

Cuidado de enfermería durante el postoperatorio inmediato / Nursing care during the immediate postoperative period

El postoperatorio inmediato precisa de la asistencia sistematizada y documentada de enfermería, de manera que se garantice la seguridad y los cuidados específicos del paciente. El objetivo del proceso investigativo fue describir las intervenciones de enfermería durante postoperatorio inmediato y los factores que limitan el cuidado en tres unidades hospitalarias de la provincia Imbabura, Ecuador, durante el primer trimestre del 2020. El estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitati-vo, mediante un estudio no experimental, descriptivo y de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 29 profesionales de las instituciones de salud involucradas. Los datos fueron recopilados mediante un cuestionario validado por una prueba de alfa de Cronbach, obteniendo un valor de 0,84. El análisis de las limitaciones para el desarrollo de las intervenciones de enfer-mería en las dimensiones investigadas permitió establecer el predominio de los elementos relacionados con las demandas de los pacientes (48,28%); siendo la falta de tiempo el menos señalado, para un 6,9%. Los resultados permitieron apreciar que la mayoría de los participantes aplicaba siempre los elementos del cuidado de enfermería durante el posoperatorio relacionados con las 8 dimensiones estudiadas. Sin embargo, se debe señalar que sería importante potenciar el uso de herramientas estandarizadas de valoración como las diversas escalas.

The immediate postoperative period requires systematized and documented nursing care in order to guarantee safety and specific patient care. This research aimed to describe the nursing interventions during the immediate postoperative period and the factors that limit care in three hospital units in the Imbabura province, Ecuador, during the first quarter of 2020. A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out. The population was made up of 29 profes-sionals from the health institutions involved. The data were collected using a questionnaire validated by a Cronbach's alpha test, obtaining a value of 0.84. The analysis of the limitations for the development of nursing interventions in the dimensions investigated allowed to establish the predominance of the elements related to the demands of the patients (48.28%). The lack of time was the least indicated, for 6.9%. The results allowed to appreciate that the majority of the participants always applied the elements of nursing care during the postoperative period related to the 8 dimensions studied. However, it should be noted that it would be important to promote the use of standardized assessment tools such as the various scales.

Area-level disadvantage and alcohol use disorder in northern Mexico.

BACKGROUND: In Mexico, the Northern States are highly impacted by alcohol consumption and associated problems. Little is known about the association between contextual social disadvantage and alcohol use disorder in this region. METHODS: Information from 1265 current drinkers surveyed in the U.S.-Mexico Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions (UMSARC) was combined with official data on neighborhood disadvantage (index of urban marginalization, a composite of ten indicators of area-level social disadvantage) for 302 neighborhoods. Using statistical marginal models, we estimated the association of neighborhood disadvantage with alcohol use disorder (AUD; based on DSM-5 criteria), alone and with adjustment for individual and contextual covariates. We also tested for moderation of neighborhood disadvantage effects by sex, education, internal migration and border area. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase in the odds of AUD of 59% (AOR=1.59; 95%CI=1.03, 2.46) for every one-point increase on the neighborhood disadvantage scale, after adjustment for covariates. A significant interaction between sex and neighborhood disadvantage was indicated by two measures of additive interaction (AP=0.55; p<0.001 and S=2.55; p<0.001), with higher neighborhood disadvantage related to higher prevalence of AUD for men but not for women. No moderation effects were observed for education, internal migration or border area. CONCLUSIONS: Neighborhood disadvantage is a risk factor for AUD independent of other variables, specifically in men. Studies of contextual variables offer the possibility for understanding the role of collective circumstances on individuals in society. Future studies of alcohol use in this geographic area should consider effects of contextual determinants such as disadvantage.

Factores psicológicos y/o psiquiátricos presentes en pacientes desertores de protocolo de preparación para cirugía bariátrica / Psychological and/or psychiatric factors present in patients who abandoned the preparation protocol for bariatric surgery

Resumen: INTRODUCCIÓN: La obesidad severa es la enfermedad crónica con mayor prevalencia en el mundo, afectando la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Aunque existe una variedad de tratamientos para ella, las tasas de abandono de los mismos se encuentran entre el 40-80%. OBJETIVO: Identificar los factores psicológicos y/o psiquiátricos que presentaron en la evaluación inicial los pacientes con obesidad severa que desertaron del protocolo de preparación para la cirugía bariátrica y establecer diferencias con los pacientes que no desertaron. MÉTODO: Se llevó a cabo un estudio analítico observacional de casos (desertores) y controles (no desertores), retrospectivo, transversal, con una muestra de 286 expedientes de pacientes candidatos a cirugía bariátrica del Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González en la Ciudad de México, con IMC de 44.77 ± 7.47 kg/m2 y una edad de 37.45 ± 9.94 años y que fueron seleccionados por muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron diferencias significativas: género (los hombres desertan más), los pacientes desertores mostraron una mayor prevalencia en el trastorno por estrés postraumático, trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad, trastorno por atracón, aislamiento, deterioro de las funciones cognitivas y mayor disfunción familiar y social que los no desertores. Un análisis multivariado sobre los mismos factores demostró que el ser hombre, tener poco apoyo social, presentar trastorno por atracón y tener un mayor número de faltas a sus citas durante el tratamiento, son factores contribuyentes para la deserción. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIÓN: Existen variables psicológicas/psiquiátricas que podrían establecerse como factores de riesgo en la deserción y como consecuencia incrementar la posibilidad de afectar el bienestar físico y emocional del paciente.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe obesity is the chronic disease with the highest prevalence around the world. It affects the life quality of patients in terms of physical and mental health. Although there are a variety of treatments for severe obesity, dropout rates are between 40% to 80%. OBJECTIVE: To identify the psychological and/or psychiatric factors presented in the initial evaluation of patients with severe obesity who deserted the preparation protocol for bariatric surgery and stablish differences between them and those who didn't defected. METHOD: An analytical observational open study of cases (deserters) and controls (non deserters), retrospective, transversal, with a sample of 286 files of patients candidates for bariatric surgery from General Hospital "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez" in Mexico City selected by simple random sampling fulfilling desertion variable, with a BMI of 44.77 kg/m2 ± 7.47 and 37.45 ± 9.94 years old and were selected by non-probabilistic convenience sample. RESULTS: Significant differences were found: gender (men drop out more), deserters patients showed a higher prevalence in post-traumatic stress disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, binge eating, isolation, impaired cognitive function and greater family and social dysfunction than non-deserters. A multivariate analysis of these factors showed that being male, having little social support, present a binge eating disorder, have a greater number of absences to appointments during treatment, are factors contributing to attrition. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: There are psychological/psychiatric variables that could be established as risk factors for dropping out, increasing the possibility of affecting the patient's physical and emotional well-being.

Pathways to Drinking Among Hispanic/Latino Adolescents: Perceived Discrimination, Ethnic Identity, and Peer Affiliations.

We examined whether discrimination experienced by Hispanic/Latino adolescents is associated (a) directly with adolescent alcohol use or (b) indirectly with adolescent alcohol use via mediation by ethnic identity and/or peer associations. Data were drawn from an NIAAA-funded randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a Guided-Self Change intervention for Hispanic/Latino youth with alcohol and interpersonal violence problems (R01 AA12180; see Wagner et al., 2014). The current sample included 371 Hispanic/Latino teenagers (mean age = 16.3 years [SD = 1.37]; 38% female). Using structural equation modeling (SEM), results revealed that perceived discrimination was indirectly related to alcohol consumption through positive (non-drinking) peer affiliations. Additionally, ethnic identity was found to moderate the relationship between discrimination and positive peer affiliation. These findings further our understanding about how discrimination and ethnic identity interact, as well as provide directions for how the effectiveness of prevention models may be enhanced for reducing underage drinking among Hispanic/Latino adolescents.

Formación teórico-clínica de Psicología en Argentina: Universidades de Buenos Aires, de Córdoba y de Rosario / Theoretical and clinical formal psychological education in Argentina: Universities of Buenos Aires, Córdoba and Rosario

Los criterios vigentes en el estudiantado próximo a egresar y las características curriculares relejan la orientación y los supuestos reinantes tras la formación de grado. Esta investigación se propone contribuir al diseño del perfil del alumno egresado en los planes formativos así como a la orientación de las autoridades educativas sobre los efectos de su labor. La investigación consiste en un cuestionario suministrado al alumnado al inicio de su actividad en la cátedra acerca de sus conocimientos sobre el papel del estudio de la clínica y su criterio para el abordaje terapéutico, y otro al concluir la materia sobre aspectos del ejercicio profesional y de las actividades desarrolladas durante su formación. Los resultados obtenidos muestran homogeneidad de criterios en los participantes tanto sobre la clínica como acerca de los procesos asistenciales. En relación a la experiencia formativa reconocida, la referencia de autores y de contenidos conceptuales, así como la experiencia clínica de grado, revelan una orientación más especulativa que técnica.

The current clinical and technical criterions of advanced students and their curricular characteristics relect the orientation and prevalent theoretical and technical assumption after graduate training. The aim of this research is to make a contribution in order to build an advanced student proile regarding formation planning and to orientate of educational authorities about the effects of their educational work. We administrated a survey at the beginning of training activities and to the end of the academic curse. This survey asks, in a irst time; about student knowledge of the meaning of clinical study, perspectives on psychotherapeutic approaches and interventions eficacy. In a second time; we asked about professional role issues and clinical activities carried out during the formal training. The results suggested a clear homogeneity on students' criterions and assumptions about assistance and clinical processes. Regarding the recognized formation experience, the selected authors, conceptual contents and clinical experience shows a speculative orientation more than technical.

The Spanish version of the Wisconsin Personality Disorders Inventory-IV (WISPI-IV): tests of validity and reliability.

Personality disorders (PD) are a prevalent class of mental disorders that interfere with functioning and cause subjective distress while increasing the intensity and duration of Axis I clinical syndromes, and therefore assessing PD is important even when PDs are not the focus of treatment. The purpose of these studies was to develop and test a new Spanish version of a self-report measure of PD, the Wisconsin Personality Inventory-IV (WISPI-IV) that would be psychometrically equivalent to the English version while also maintaining the same interpersonal content, which is based on Benjamin's analysis of the PD criteria using her Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) model (1974). Study 1 participants completed the WISPI-IV twice over a two-week interval. For Study 2, participants from two sites in Spain and one site in Argentina completed Spanish versions of the WISPI-IV and other personality measures. SASB-analysis of the translated items showed high correspondence between the interpersonal content of the English version and the Spanish version demonstrating theoretical validation in relation to other PD measures. The Spanish WISPI-IV showed satisfactory reliability based on test-retest correlations and alphas for internal consistency. Study 2 showed the Spanish WISPI-IV had good convergent validity with the Spanish versions of the IIP and SCID-II and performed similarly to the English versions of these measures. Our goal in translating the WISPI-IV was to extend this measure to Spanish-speakers in language that would be understood by different Hispanic sub-groups, however research team members and subjects had a variety of suggestions for changes in item wording. This reflects the difficulty with creating a "neutral" Spanish version of any assessment given regional differences.

Descripción de observables clínicos y de cambios en el proceso de admisión y de su impacto en el inicio del tratamiento psicoterapéutico / Description of observable clinical and of changes in the process of admission and of their impact in the beginning of the therapeutic treatment

Este estudio está enfocado en el proceso de admisión de 30 consultantes. El proceso de admisión y los observables clínicos son considerados como condiciones asistenciales (Menéndez, 1992). La admisión debe ser eficiente para la identificación del mejor abordaje terapéutico y la mejor distribución de recursos disponibles (Corbella S. & Botella L. 2003). La primera entrevista, y las entrevistas diagnósticas han sido estudiadas con el fin de corroborar su utilidad para procurar adhesión al tratamiento, especialmente en procesos terapéuticos con pacientes severos (Acosta, 2003; Yeomans, 2007; Rodríguez et. al 2001) y para corroborar la permanencia a lo largo del tratamiento de las hipótesis y propuestas terapéuticas (Menéndez, Mayorga y Bodon; 2005). Se estudia el impacto de diversas variables en los momentos iniciales del tratamiento por medio de protocolos que acompañan esta presentación. Las variables establecidas son: los datos obtenidos durante el proceso de admisión, los datos clínicos del paciente y la alianza de trabajo establecida con el admisor.

This study is focused on the admission process of 30 consultants. The admission process itself and the clinical observables are considered as assistential conditions (Menéndez, 1992). The admission must be efficient for the identification of better therapeutic approach and to the better distribution of available resources (Corbella S. & Botella L. 2003). The first interview, initial interviews and diagnostic interviews have been studied in order to corroborate their utility to improve of treatment adherence, especially in therapeutic process of severe patients (Acosta, 2003; Yeomans, 2007; Rodríguez et. al 2001) and, to corroborate the permanency along treatment of initial therapeutic hypotheses or proposals (Menéndez, Mayorga y Bodon; 2005). We study the impact of several relevant variables on treatment initial moments by means of protocols that accompany this presentation. The defined variables are: admission data of the process itself, clinical data of patient and working alliance established with admisor.

Evaluation of psychic change through the application of empirical and clinical techniques for a 2-year treatment: a single case study.

Abstract The authors present results obtained by a combination of clinical and empirical methods used in the evaluation of psychic change involving a single case study carried out during 2 years of nonmanualized psychodynamic psychotherapy (Barber & Crits-Christoph, 1993 ; Barber, Foltz, DeRubeis, & Landis, 2002 ). A multidimensional definition of change that includes clinical (psychoanalytic) and empirical perspectives is provided. The authors used material from supervision sessions and clinical meetings to assess the psychodynamic diagnosis and evolution. The following empirical techniques and instruments were used: core conflictual relationship theme (Luborsky & Crits-Christoph, 1990), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (Derogatis, 1983), and Differential Elements for a Psychodynamic Diagnostic (C. M. López Moreno et al., 1998 ). Several markers of psychic change along the therapeutic process were found. The instruments proved to be sensitive to the changes obtained during the psychotherapy. Used together, the instruments allowed an integrated evaluation of the patient's evolution during the treatment.

Narrativas, prototipos narrativos y cambio psicológico / Narratives, narrative prototypes and psychological change

Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de los desarrollos centrales de la psicología narrativa respecto de las múltiples formas de comprender la construcción de la experiencia humana, las funciones de la "narrativa" en la vida psíquica y social del sujeto, sus componentes medulares, las formas de entender una psicopatología implícita en dicha perspectiva, y las diferentes definiciones de cambio terapéutico que se generan a partir de ellas. Se recorren para ello los textos más relevantes de los últimos veinte años analizando la coherencia interna de los más importantes desarrollos, similitudes y diferencias entre los autores enrolados en esta línea, sus aportes y contradicciones.

Liposarcoma primitivo de la mama: comunicación de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Primitive liposarcoma of the breast

Los sarcomas primarios de la mama son tumores extremadamente raros, representando menos de 1 por ciento de los tumores mamarios (puede llegar a 4 por ciento si se incluye al cistosarcoma phylloides). Se presenta un caso de liposarcoma primitivo de la mama en una mujer de 40 años. Se destacan las dificultades diagnosticas y las características anatomopatológicas, así como las consideraciones terapéuticas y pronósticas en relación a la bibliografía internacional