The Probiotic Lactobacillus sakei Subsp. Sakei and Hawthorn Extract Supplements Improved Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, and Resistance to the Pesticide Acetamiprid in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio).

This study evaluated the impacts of the probiotic, Lactobacillus sakei (L. sakei), and the extract of hawthorn, Crataegus elbursensis, on growth and immunity of the common carp exposed to acetamiprid. Fish (mean ± SE: 11.48 ± 0.1 g) feeding was done with formulated diets (T 1 (control): no supplementation, T 2: 1 × 106 CFU/g LS (Lactobacillus sakei), T3: 1 × 108 CFU/g LS, T 4: 0.5% hawthorn extract (HWE), and T 5: 1% HWE) for 60 days and then exposed to acetamiprid for 14 days. The growth performance improved in the fish fed LS at dietary level of 1 × 108 CFU/g, even after exposure to acetamiprid (P < 0.05). Intestinal Lactobacillus sakei (CFU/g) load increased (P < 0.05), following supplementation with the probiotic-enriched diet. The LS-treated fish had increases in the activity of digestive enzymes (P < 0.05). Both LS and HWE stimulated antioxidant enzymes and immune system components in serum and mucus (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), protease, total Ig, and lysozyme) (P < 0.05). However, the changes were different depending on the kind of the supplement. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased in HWE-treated fish after acetamiprid exposure (P < 0.05). Both LS and HWE reduced the liver metabolic enzymes (LDH, ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH) in serum both before and after exposure to the pesticide (P < 0.05). However, each enzyme exhibited a different change trend depending on the type of the supplement. HWE showed a stress-ameliorating effect, as glucose and cortisol levels declined in the HWE-treated fish (P < 0.05). This study indicated the immunomodulatory impacts of LS (1 × 108 CFU/g) and HWE (at dietary levels of 0.5-1%). The probiotic showed more performance compared to HWE. However, the HWE mitigated oxidative stress more efficiently than the probiotic.

Detection of abemaciclib, an anti-breast cancer agent, using a new electrochemical DNA biosensor.

Detection of DNA molecules and possible chemotherapy-induced changes in its structure has been the goal of researchers using rapid, sensitive and inexpensive approaches. Therefore, the aim of this study was to fabricate a new electrochemical DNA biosensor using pencil graphite electrodes modified with polypyrrole/Ce doped hexagonal nickel oxide nanodisks or PP/Ce-doped H-NiO-ND composites for determination of Abemaciclib (AMC) and ds-DNA molecules. The DNA biosensor was prepared by immobilizing ds-DNA on the surface of PP/Ce-doped H-NiO-ND/PGE. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to electrochemically detect AMC. The results elucidate the extremely high sensitivity of the ds-DNA/PP/Ce-doped H-NiO-ND/PGE biosensor to AMC, with a narrow detection limit of 2.7 nM and a lengthy linear range of 0.01-600.0 µM. The admirable performance of as-fabricated biosensor could be related to the active reaction sites and the unique electrochemical response related to the nanocomposites by enhancing ds-DNA stabilization and accelerating electron transfer on the surface of electrode.