Hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB), sintomas do trato urinário inferior (LUTS) e função sexual / Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS), and Sexual Function

A hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) representa o crescimento não maligno do tecido da próstata. Proliferação de células estromais e epiteliais na zona de transição da próstata causa compressão uretral e obstrução do fluxo vesical. Isso pode levar a manifestações de LUTS (lower urinary tract symptoms): urgência urinária, noctúria, dificuldades de micção, esvaziamento incompleto da bexiga, menor força e/ ou interrupção do jato e inflamações. Mecanismos do LUTS/HPB compartilhados afetam a função sexual masculina. Atividade aumentada de subtipos de receptores α1-adrenérgicos na próstata está associada à HPB. Tais receptores, também presentes no pênis, podem inibir a ereção, devido à HPB. Quanto à correlação entre LUTS e disfunção sexual, aventa-se que ambas resultem da contração anômala da musculatura lisa, por ativação dos receptores α1-adrenérgicos. LUTS/HPB causam desconforto nos homens, devido à obstrução urinária, ejaculação dolorosa, disfunção erétil (DE), distúrbios ejaculatórios e baixa libido, que prejudicam a qualidade de vida, deles e de suas parcerias. A noctúria interfere negativamente na qualidade do sono e na disposição para a atividade sexual. Tratamentos para LUTS/HPB podem induzir disfunções sexuais. Entre eles, ressecção transuretral (RTU), α1-bloqueadores, inibidores da 5α-redutase e terapia combinada (α1-bloqueador e 5α-redutase). Os efeitos prejudiciais do LUTS/HPB e de seu tratamento sobre a função sexual ainda são subdiagnosticados e insuficientemente tratados. A atividade sexual deve ser investigada antes e durante o tratamento, também orientando o paciente sobre os possíveis efeitos de cada opção terapêutica sobre a função sexual, evitando-se assim o abandono do tratamento.

Efficacy and safety of parecoxib in the treatment of acute renal colic: a randomized clinical trial

PURPOSE: Although nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsNSAIDs) and opioids are effective treatments for acute renal colic, they are associated with adverse events (AEs). As cyclooxygenase-2 selective NSAIDs may provide a safer alternative, we compared the efficacy and safety of parecoxib versus an nsNSAID in subjects with acute renal colic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Phase IV., multicenter, double-blind, noninferiority, active-controlled study: 338 subjects with acute renal colic were randomized to parecoxib 40 mg i.v. plus placebo (n = 174) or ketoprofen 100 mg IV plus placebo (n = 164). 338 subjects with acute renal colic were randomized to parecoxib 40 mg IV (n = 174) or ketoprofen 100 mg IV(n = 164) plus placebo. Subjects were evaluated 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after treatment start and 24 hours after discharge. Primary endpoint was the mean pain intensity difference (PID) at 30 minutes by visual analog scale (VAS) (per-protocol population). An ANCOVA model was used with treatment group, country, and baseline score as covariates. Non-inferiority of parecoxib to ketoprofen was declared if the lower bound of the 95 percent confidence interval (CI) for the difference between the two groups excluded the pre-established margin of 10 mm for the primary endpoint. RESULTS: Baseline demographics were similar. The mean (SD) mPID30 min was 33.84 (24.61) and 35.16 (26.01) for parecoxib and ketoprofen, respectively. For treatment difference (parecoxib-ketoprofen) the lower bound of the 95 percent CI was 6.53. The mean change from baseline in VAS 30 minutes after study medication was ~43 mm; AEs were comparable between treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Parecoxib is as effective as ketoprofen in the treatment of pain due to acute renal colic, is well tolerated, and has a comparable safety profile.

Efficacy and safety of parecoxib in the treatment of acute renal colic: a randomized clinical trial.

PURPOSE: Although non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsNSAIDs) and opioids are effective treatments for acute renal colic, they are associated with adverse events (AEs). As cyclooxygenase-2 selective NSAIDs may provide a safer alternative, we compared the efficacy and safety of parecoxib versus an nsNSAID in subjects with acute renal colic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Phase IV., multicenter, double-blind, noninferiority, active-controlled study: 338 subjects with acute renal colic were randomized to parecoxib 40 mg i.v. plus placebo (n = 174) or ketoprofen 100 mg IV plus placebo (n = 164). 338 subjects with acute renal colic were randomized to parecoxib 40 mg IV (n = 174) or ketoprofen 100 mg IV(n = 164) plus placebo. Subjects were evaluated 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after treatment start and 24 hours after discharge. Primary endpoint was the mean pain intensity difference (PID) at 30 minutes by visual analog scale (VAS) (per-protocol population). An ANCOVA model was used with treatment group, country, and baseline score as covariates. Non-inferiority of parecoxib to ketoprofen was declared if the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference between the two groups excluded the pre-established margin of 10 mm for the primary endpoint. RESULTS: Baseline demographics were similar. The mean (SD) mPID30 min was 33.84 (24.61) and 35.16 (26.01) for parecoxib and ketoprofen, respectively. For treatment difference (parecoxib-ketoprofen) the lower bound of the 95% CI was 6.53. The mean change from baseline in VAS 30 minutes after study medication was ~43 mm; AEs were comparable between treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Parecoxib is as effective as ketoprofen in the treatment of pain due to acute renal colic, is well tolerated, and has a comparable safety profile.

O ejaculador precoce por ele mesmo: um estudo piloto / The premature ejaculator by himself: a pilot study

Objetivo: Avaliar autopercepção de portadores de ejaculação precoce (EP), repercussão da disfunção sobre desempenho e satisfação sexual do casal e benefícios esperados com o tratamento.Métodos: Foi desenvolvido instrumento para acessar os objetivos do estudo. Ejaculadores precoces maiores de 18 anos foram recrutados, até completar amostra. Testes qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher verificaram associações entre EP e variáveis categóricas. Teste ?t de Student? comparou médias das variáveis contínuas. Valores de p£0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significantes.Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 32 indivíduos, 53,1% com EP ao longo da vida (EPL) e 46,9% EP adquirida (EPA), para os quais a EP se caracteriza por: falta de controle (100,0% dos EPL 70,6% dos EPA), breve tempo intravaginal (66,7% e 52,9%) e preocupação em satisfazer a parceira (33,3% e 64,7%). Impactam a vida do paciente: falta de controle da ejaculação para 100,0% dos EPL e 94,2% dos EPA (p=0,53) pouco tempo de penetração 93,4% e 88,2% (p=0,63) sofrimento pessoal 86,7% e 94,1% (p = 0,45) insatisfação pessoal com o intercurso 86,7% e 76,5% (p=0,76) insatisfação da parceira 86,7% e 88,2% (p=0,99). Medicamento associado a psicoterapia foi o tratamento preferencial para 40,0% (EPL) e 35,3% (EPA). Mais controle ejaculatório, tempo dentro da vagina e satisfação da parceira são as principais expectativas quanto ao tratamento.Conclusão: Para portadores de EPL, controle e tempo intravaginal são as características mais importantes de EP, enquanto aqueles com EPA valorizam controle e satisfação da parceira. Os dois grupos preferem tratamento combinado (medicação e psicoterapia), ainda que essa preferência não seja consenso.

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder in a population-based study of Brazilian women: associated factors classified according to their importance.

OBJECTIVE: The etiology of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is known to be multifactorial, involving biological, psychosexual, and context-related factors. The objective of the present study was to analyze the factors associated with female HSDD and to stratify these factors according to their importance. METHODS: This was a population-based, hierarchical study conducted in Brazil, based on data from previous research on the Brazilian Sexual Life Study, conducted between November 2002 and February 2003 in various Brazilian cities. The primary study consisted of a self-administered and anonymous questionnaire, addressing sociodemographic parameters, general health, life habits, behavior, and complaints related to sexual function. The association between HSDD and various other factors was assessed. The data were evaluated by hierarchical multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of HSDD in this sample was 9.5%. Associations were found with cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, posttraumatic stress, poorer education level, being older, being married, a lack of information on sexuality in childhood/adolescence, and a limited sexual repertoire. Women who consumed moderate amounts of alcohol were found to be less likely to have HSDD. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the associated factors classified in order of importance and analysis of the characteristics of the sexual relationships provide additional information to currently available data on the traditional concepts of HSDD.

Self-esteem, confidence, and relationships in Brazilian men with erectile dysfunction receiving sildenafil citrate: a randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Psychosocial manifestations of erectile dysfunction (ED) differ across cultures. Understanding the treatment response to ED medications within cultural groups can aid in resource allocation and in developing treatment strategies. AIM: Evaluate the effect of sildenafil treatment on self-esteem, confidence, and sexual relationship satisfaction in Brazilian men with ED. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR) questionnaire, a validated, 14-question instrument developed to specifically address self-esteem and relationship issues within the context of ED. METHODS: Men aged 18 years or older with a clinical diagnosis of ED (< or = 21 on the Sexual Health Inventory for Men) and in a stable relationship with a partner during the study were eligible. The primary end point was a change from baseline in the self-esteem subscale of the SEAR questionnaire. Thirteen Brazilian sites participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sildenafil treatment for ED. Patients were randomized to receive either 50 mg of sildenafil (adjustable to 25 mg or 100 mg based on patient response) or matching placebo approximately 1 hour before anticipated sexual activity but not more than once a day. RESULTS: At the end of double-blind treatment, 63 and 66 patients in the placebo and sildenafil groups, respectively, from 13 Brazilian sites were assessed for efficacy. Brazilian patients receiving sildenafil had significantly greater improvements in their scores on the SEAR self-esteem subscale (42.9 [95% confidence interval 35.7-50.0]) compared with placebo (21.1 [95% confidence interval 13.7-28.6]; P < 0.0001). Effect sizes ranged from 0.91 to 1.25 for individual SEAR components. CONCLUSIONS: The psychosocial parameters in Brazilian men with ED assessed by the SEAR questionnaire showed significant improvements in self-esteem, confidence, and relationships after treatment with sildenafil.

Comparative cross-over study of sildenafil and apomorphine for treating erectile dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of sildenafil and apomorphine in Brazilian patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) of various causes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 108 patients (mean age 55 years, sd 11) and documented ED for > or =6 months were included in 12 centres in Brazil. The patients were initially followed for 2 weeks and then randomized to initial treatment with apomorphine or sildenafil, taken before sexual intercourse, no more than once a day. The initial dose (2 mg apomorphine and 50 mg sildenafil) could be adjusted (to 3 mg apomorphine, or to 25 or 100 mg for sildenafil) depending on the effectiveness and tolerability during the first 4 weeks of treatment. The patients were re-evaluated after 8 weeks on treatment and, after a wash-out period of 2 weeks (no treatment), received the other study drug (other than that received in the first phase), and then had the same procedures as in the first phase. RESULTS: In all, 97 patients were evaluated for therapeutic effectiveness, the overall effectiveness being assessed using two questions; sildenafil had a significantly higher proportion of affirmative answers for both (P < 0.001). Likewise, the estimates for the mean (sd) proportion of successful sexual intercourse, of 83.3 (4.7)% vs 40.3 (4.7)% and the total ED Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction score, of 86.7 (2.9) vs 56.9 (2.9) (P < 0.001) were higher for sildenafil. At the end of the study, 93.8% of the patients randomized to initial therapy with apomorphine declared a preference for sildenafil, and 81.3% of those initially treated with sildenafil declared a preference for that drug. The two drugs were well tolerated, and the main adverse events for apomorphine were nausea, vomiting, headache, taste perversion and dizziness; for sildenafil they were headache, flushing or vasodilatation, abdominal pain or dyspepsia and nasal congestion. CONCLUSIONS: Sildenafil is more effective than apomorphine for treating ED, in the domains of erectile function, satisfaction with sexual intercourse and overall satisfaction, and was the drug preferred by most of the patients.

Sexual satisfaction among patients with erectile dysfunction treated with counseling, sildenafil, or both.

INTRODUCTION: Sexual satisfaction is linked to life satisfaction, and erectile dysfunction (ED) may lead to an impaired quality of life (QOL). AIM: Our goal was to evaluate the QOL among Brazilian patients with ED, before and after three kinds of treatment. METHODS: Men aged 25-55 years, with a diagnosis of psychogenic or mixed ED, according to the Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, and the Standard Practice in Sexual Medicine, were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: counseling, sildenafil, and sildenafil plus counseling. At baseline each group had 40 patients. Sildenafil was provided in 50 mg that could be adjusted to 100 mg. The patients could initially take one to two tablets per week and the entire treatment lasted for 3 months. Counseling was provided in group sessions that took place once a week. They were evaluated at baseline and after 3 months of treatment with the Male Sexual Quotient (MSQ) and the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The correlation between the patients' MSQ score and scores on the SHIM. RESULTS: One hundred seventeen patients were enrolled. The three groups were similar according to age, marital status, mean time of ED, and ED severity and etiology. At baseline, MSQ and SHIM total scores were not different among the three groups. MSQ scores increased from 41.2 +/- 15.3, 38.7 +/- 18.0, and 46.8 +/- 17.0 to 48.5 +/- 15.3, 63.8 +/- 21.6, and 70.0 +/- 17.3 after counseling, sildenafil, and sildenafil plus counseling, respectively (P < 0.05). SHIM scores also increased significantly (9.6 +/- 4.1, 9.7 +/- 4.1, and 10.2 +/- 3.9 to 12.1 +/- 3.9, 16.7 +/- 5.6, and 17.7 +/- 4.5 after counseling, sildenafil, and sildenafil plus counseling, respectively) (P < 0.05). There were no serious adverse events related to sildenafil, and no patient was withdrawn from the study because of an adverse event. CONCLUSIONS: The three treatments were significantly efficient, and the best treatment was sildenafil associated with counseling.

Diagnóstico e tratamento da disfunção erétil / Diagnosis and Treatment of erectile dysfunction

Disfunção sexual é a incapacidade de participar do ato sexual com satisfação.Disfunção erétil é a dificuldade em obter e/ou manter uma ereção adequada para um intercurso sexual satisfatório.O tratamento da disfunção erétil deve se iniciar pelo reconhecimento da causa e obedecer a critérios, evitando-se procedimentos invasivos e cirurgias antes de tratar ou minimizar as questões clínicas e os fatores de risco para tal disfunção.Para as disfunções sexuais masculinas, os tratamentos adequados variam da psicoterapia ao tratamento cirúrgico, não sendo incomum a necessidade de associação de dois ou mais procedimentos, dependendo de cada caso.Cerca de 10% a 15% de homens com disfunção erétil têm níveis séricos de testosterona abaixo da normalidade e, nestes casos, a sua reposição se faz necessária.Quando o tratamento de primeira linha falha, parte-se para uma segunda etapa de procedimentos, quais sejam: vacuoterapia e ereção fár¬maco-induzida.As principais indicações para implante de prótese peniana são os casos de disfunção erétil orgânica grave, quando outros tratamentos menos invasivos falham.O tratamento consiste não só na remissão da sintomatologia disfuncional, mas no controle e possível exclusão da causa, geralmente uma doença silenciosa ou manifesta para a qual o homem não investe o devido cuidado.

Estudo populacional do envelhecimento (EPE): primeiros resultados masculinos / Aging population study: first male results

Objetivo: Apresentar os resultados gerais de estudo a respeito de saúde geral, saúde sexual e qualidade de vida do brasileiro acima dos 40 anos, focalizando os índices masculinos. Métodos: Questionário auto-responsivo e anônimo foi aplicado a 10.161 indivíduos, maiores de 40 anos, em 19 cidades brasileiras. Questões de saúde geral e sexual, hábitos de vida e AMS (Aging Male's Symptoms Scale) foram respondidas e analisadas com testes Quiquadrado; p £ 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significante. Resultados: A média etária dos homens foi de 52 anos, estando 74,3 deles em união estável. Referiram atividade sexual no último ano 96,8; 16,2 eram obesos e 50,3 tinham sobrepeso; 14,9 já haviam utilizado inibidores da fosfodiesterase-5 para obter/manter a ereção, 69,0 dos quais com bons resultados. Urinar à noite duas ou mais vezes foi referido por 17,9. No último ano tinham realizado consulta urológica com toque retal 33,5; asseguraram ter feito exame do PSA 64,1, 3,9 referindo "resultado alterado". O AMS revelou altos índices de respostas moderada/grave para: nervosismo, irritabilidade, alterações do sono, dores osteomusculares, diminuição de ereções matinais, desempenho e desejo sexual, esgotamento físico, estado depressivo e suor intenso. Esses e mais sete parâmetros que compõem o AMS apontaram 13,3 dos pesquisados com sintomas sugestivos de distúrbio androgênico do envelhecimento masculino (DAEM). Entre aqueles com AMS moderado/grave se observou o dobro de disfunção erétil do que naqueles com respostas nenhum/pouco ao AMS.Conclusão: O envelhecimento masculino no Brasil conduz a prejuízo da função sexual, sintomas geniturinários e síndrome metabólica. Intervenções precoces ensejam tratamentos mais adequados. Estudos epidemiológicos orientam essas intervenções, ao caracterizar a população e suas necessidades para o resgate da saúde e da qualidade de vida.