New cyclomyrsinol diterpenes from Euphorbia aellenii with their immunomodulatory effects.

Chloroform-acetone extract of the aerial parts of Euphorbia aellenii Rech. f. (Euphorbiaceae) was investigated for its diterpenoidal constituents. This led to the isolation of two new and one known cyclomyrsinol-type diterpenes 1-3. The structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D (1)H and (13)C NMR techniques, and in vitro immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by standard proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results showed that all the three compounds were found to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation significantly (p < 0.05) at 50 µg/ml concentration. Among them, compound 2 showed more activity against phytohemagglutinin-activated T-cell proliferation with an IC(50) of 40.4 ± 9.35 µg/ml.

Flavonol Glycosides from Euphorbia microsciadia Bioss. with their Immunomodulatory Activities.

FOUR KNOWN FLAVONOIDS: quercetin 3-O-ß-D-rutinoside (Q3Rut), myricetin 3-O-ß-D-galactopyranoside (M3Gal), quercetin 3-O-ß-D-galactopyranoside (Q3Gal) and quercetin 3-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (Q3Glc), for the first time were isolated from aerial parts of Euphorbia microsciadia. The chemical structure of them was elucidated on the basis of 1 and 2 D-NMR spectra and different spectroscopic techniques. The immunomodulatory activities of isolated compounds were compared using standard T-cell proliferation assay. These data showed that lymphocyte suppression activity of flavonoids (1-4) were comparatively lower than prednisolon as a standard drug. Immunosuppressive activity of flavonoids with hydroxyl groups at both 3'-and 4'-positions in their B-ring (Q3Gal) were more than those with 3'-,4'-and 5'-hydroxyl substitution (M3Gal). In these compounds, Q3Gal showed the most inhibitory activity, whereas M3Gal showed the least lymphocyte antiprolifeartive activity.

Pentacyclic Triterpenes in Euphorbia microsciadia with Their T-cell Proliferation Activity.

The ethyl acetate partition of dried methanolic extract of aerial parts of Euphorbia microsciadia (Euphorbiaceae) afforded three pentacyclic triterpenes, betulinic acid (1) from lupane type, oleanolic acid (2) from oleane type and ursolic acid (3) from ursane type triterpenes that are reported for the first time in this plant. These three compounds were structurally compared through their mass fragmentation pattern, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data and their biologic immunomodulatory effects. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by (13)C- and (1)H-NMR as well as 2D-NMR, IR and by the aid of mass fragmentation pattern and comparing with the literature. After running T-Cell proliferation assay, oleanolic acid stimulated proliferation of T-Cells at lower concentration 0.5 µg/mL, while betulinic acid and ursolic acid showed inhibitory activity against T-Cell proliferation with IC50- value > 50 µg/mL and 3.01 ± 0.47 µg/mL, respectively.