Tobacco consumption in Chilean university students and associations with anthropometry, eating habits and sleep quality multicentric study.

Tobacco Consumption (TC) is one of the main causes of the deterioration of health; however, there are few studies linking its consumption with diet and nutrition among university students. The objective of this study is to test the association of smoking with anthropometry, diet and sleep quality among Chilean university students. Cross-sectional study. University students (n = 1454) from the North, South and Central parts of Chile were evaluated. A self-assessment survey was used to evaluate healthy and unhealthy eating habits. Nutritional status was evaluated by Body Mass Index (BMI). Two surveys were used to assess sleep quality: the Questionnaire of Insomnia and the Epworth Scale. Finally, participants were consulted about Tobacco Consumption: 30% of the students consume tobacco and have a higher score in unhealthy food consumption, less frequent weekly breakfast consumption (< 0.01), lower daily fruit (< 0.01) and vegetables (< 0.05) consumption, higher alcohol consumption (< 0.05) and daily junk food consumption (< 0.05) compared to non-consuming students. Men who consume tobacco present greater insomnia (< 0.001), sleep latency (< 0.001) and daytime sleepiness (< 0.05) compared to non-consumers; and women who consume tobacco have a higher weight (< 0.001) and BMI (< 0.01). When performing logistic regression, tobacco consumption is positively associated with major alcohol consumption (< 0.001), whereas fish (< 0.05) and vegetable (< 0.05) consumption was negatively associated. In conclusion, students of both sexes who smoke have more unfavorable health factors and a poorer quality of life.

Anxiety, anhedonia and food consumption during the COVID-19 quarantine in Chile.

The current epidemic of COVID-19 has gained attention and highlighted the need for a better understanding of the population's mental health. Diet has been identified as an environmental determinant of mental health. In this regard, it has been suggested that the consumption of palatable foods represents a strategy to mitigate negative emotions, such as anxiety. This study aimed to evaluate the association between symptoms of anxiety and/or anhedonia to food consumption patterns during the period of COVID-19 quarantine in Chile. We conducted a cross-sectional study with non-randomized sampling via an online survey. A total of 1725 responses were collected. Each person self-answered the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale for anhedonia, the Food Intake Questionnaire, and questions regarding type and duration of lockdown, as well as body weight and food serving variation. Significant correlations were observed between fried food consumption and self-reported body weight. The subjects who consumed fried food three times a week, had higher weight (63.5%) (χ2 = 48.5 and p < 0.001). Those who ate one and two or more pastries on a week had 1.41 and 1.49, respectively higher odds of reporting increased body weight. We found a relationship anxiety level and sugar-sweetened beverages level (χ2 = 25.5; p 0.013), fast food intake (χ2 = 63.4; p < 0.001), and pastry consumption (χ2 = 37.7; p < 0.001). In conclusion, it is important to monitor the evolution of these findings since they could represent a risk of increased health problems in the future post-lockdown period.

Consumo de frutas, verduras y legumbres en universitarios chilenos / Consumption of fruits, vegetables and legumes among Chilean university students

RESUMEN Recomendaciones internacionales indican que se deben consumir diariamente 400 g/día o su equivalente a 5 porciones de frutas, verduras o legumbres. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la frecuencia de consumo de frutas, verduras y legumbres en estudiantes universitarios chilenos. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal. Fueron evaluados estudiantes universitarios (n= 1454) del norte, centro y sur de Chile. Ellos completaron una encuesta alimentaria que se utiliza para determinar hábitos alimentarios saludables (frutas, verduras y legumbres). El 78% era de sexo femenino. Al analizar la frecuencia de consumo de frutas, verduras y legumbres según universidad, sólo frutas y verduras mostraron de diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p< 0,01). El 70% de los estudiantes no cumple con la recomendación de consumo de frutas; 72% con la de verduras y 77% con la de legumbres. En mujeres, un 6,3% del total de la muestra cumple con la recomendación de frutas y en hombres el valor alcanza al 8,4%; en verduras se observa que la recomendación alcanza al 29,5% en mujeres y 21,3% en hombres, y en legumbres, es 2,4% en mujeres y 5% en hombres. Se observa un bajo consumo de frutas, verduras y legumbres en universitarios muy lejos de las recomendaciones internaciones.

ABSTRACT International recommendations indicate that 400 g/ day or its equivalent to 5 servings of fruits, vegetables or legumes should be consumed daily. Our aim was to determine patterns of consumption of fruits, vegetables and legumes among Chilean university students. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study. University students (n= 1454) from the north, center and south of Chile were evaluated. A self-assessment survey was used to evaluate healthy eating habits (fruits, vegetables and legumes). Seventy-eight percent of participants were women. When analyzing the consumption frequency of fruits, vegetables and legumes according to different universities, only fruits and vegetables showed a statistically significant difference (p< 0.01). Seventy percent of students do not meet recommended amounts for fruit consumption; 72% for vegetables and 77% for legumes. Among women, 6.3% of the total sample met the recommendation for fruit, while, for men, the value was 8.4%; for vegetables, we observed that 29.5 and 21.3% of women and men, respectively, met the recommendation; for legumes, 2.4% of women and 5% of men met the recommendation. There was a low consumption of fruits, vegetables and legumes among university students, with levels far from the international recommendations.

Conocimiento y aplicación en prácticas higiénicas en la elaboración de alimentos y auto-reporte de intoxicaciones alimentarias en hogares chilenos / Knowledge and application in hygienic practices in food preparation and self-report of food poisoning in Chilean homes

Resumen Introducción: Las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos en el hogar son consideradas una problemática nacional; sin embargo, existe poca información sobre hábitos de manipulación en el hogar. Objetivo: Determinar el conocimiento y aplicación de prácticas higiénicas en la elaboración de alimentos y auto-reporte de intoxicaciones alimentarias en hogares chilenos. Material y Métodos: Se confeccionó una encuesta de 15 preguntas en formato google docs, se consultó sobre prácticas de manipulación de alimentos en el hogar y auto-reporte de intoxicaciones alimentarias. Resultados: Se encuestó a 2.024 personas. Noventa y seis por ciento elabora alimentos en el hogar; del total que lo hace, 88% de los encuestados considera importante las buenas prácticas de manipulación de alimentos en el hogar y 76% asegura saber sobre la contaminación cruzada. Más de 40% inicia su compra en los supermercados con productos lácteos y cárnicos, generando una pérdida de cadena de frío; 56% de los encuestados indica que descongelan los alimentos a temperatura ambiente. Con respecto a frutas o verduras, sólo 12,5% utiliza un desinfectante. Del total de los que elaboran alimentos en el hogar, 17% indica haber sufrido una intoxicación alimentaria y de éstas, sólo 64% asiste al médico. Conclusión: A pesar de que se considera importante las buenas prácticas de manipulación de alimentos en el hogar, estas prácticas no son ejecutadas.

Background: Foodborne diseases in the home are considered a problem at the national level, however, there is little information about household handling habits. Aim: To Identify the hygienic practices of people who prepare food at home and self-reporting food intoxication in Chilean homes. Material and Methods: A survey with 15 questions was made in google docs, containing questions about food handling practices and self-reporting food intoxication. Results: 2024 people were surveyed. Ninety six percent prepare food at home, of the total whom cook, 88% of respondents consider important good food handling practices at home, 76% say they know about the concept of cross contamination, however, more than 40% start their purchase in supermarkets with dairy and meat products which indicates that there is a high probability of cold chain loss, 56% of respondents indicate that they defrost food at room temperature, and with respect to fruits or vegetables only 12.5% use a disinfectant. Of the total number of respondents, 17% indicated that they had suffered food poisoning and of these only 64% attended the doctor. Conclusion: Although it is argued to have knowledge about good food handling practices, some important practices are not carried out.