Endometrioma con elevación inusual de CA-19.9. Reporte de un caso / Endometrioma with an unusual CA-19.9 elevation. A case report

Resumen Antecedentes: la prueba diagnóstica de referencia para endometriosis es la visualización de focos endometriósicos en un procedimiento quirúrgico. Los valores de CA-125 > 35 UI/mL y de CA-19.9 > 37 UI/mL sugieren endometriosis o tumores de ovario (teratomas, endometriomas y mucinosos). Los valores de CA-19.9 > 300 UI/mL tienen un valor predictivo positivo mayor de 90% para cáncer de páncreas. Caso clínico: paciente de 32 años de edad, con infertilidad primaria de 10 años, tumoración compleja en el ovario derecho de 209 cc y en el ovario izquierdo de 14.81 cc, con CA-19.9 de 2,920 UI/mL y CA-125 de 142.37 UI/mL. Por tomografía y panendoscopia se descartó la posibilidad de malignidad en el aparato gastrointestinal. En la laparotomía exploradora, protocolizada para tumor de ovario, se encontró un tumor de 10 x 8.0 cm en el ovario derecho y uno de 3.0 x 2.0 cm en el izquierdo. El reporte de patología fue de quistes endometriósicos, sin malignidad coexistente. En el seguimiento a los 40 días se encontró un CA-19.9 de 41.38 U/mL y a los 60 días logró un embarazo espontáneo. Conclusiones: los marcadores tumorales se utilizan para descartar algún proceso maligno en el ovario. Se carece de pruebas suficientes para recomendarlos rutinariamente para diagnosticar endometriosis. Cuando inusualmente sus valores se encuentran por encima del punto de corte, es importante descartar cualquier malignidad en el aparato gastrointestinal. Se recomienda asumir el tratamiento de estas pacientes con un equipo multidisciplinario.

Abstract Background: Endometriosis is the presence of ectopic non-neoplastic endometrial tissue. The gold standard diagnosis is a visual inspection by laparoscopy. A CA-125 >35 IU/mL and a CA-19.9 >37 IU/mL have been present in endometriosis and ovarian tumors (teratomas, endometriomas or mucinous). However, an elevation >300 IU/mL have a positive predictive value >90% for pancreatic cancer. Case report: 32-year-old female, with 10-year primary infertility. With a complex tumor in the right ovary of 209cc and in the left one of 14.81cc. The CA-19.9 was at 2,920 IU/mL and the CA-125 at 142.37 IU/mL. In which have ruled out gastrointestinal malignancy with tomography and panendoscopy. A laparotomy exploratory was performed, finding a tumor of 10x8.0cm in the right ovary and 3.0x2.0cm in the left one. The pathology report was of endometriosis cysts, with no coexisting malignancy. At follow-up at 40 days a CA-19.9 of 41.38 IU/mL was found and at 60 days achieved a spontaneous pregnancy. Conclusions: Tumor biomarkers are generally used to rule out malignant ovary pathology. There is insufficient evidence to recommend its routine use to diagnose endometriosis. However, when they are unusually above the cut-off point, it is important to specifically rule out gastrointestinal malignancy, working in a multidisciplinary way.

[Advanced maternal age and pregnancy: how much is too much?]. / Edad materna avanzada y embarazo: qué tanto es tanto?

Perinatal evolution was compared and two study groups in women with advanced maternal age and pregnancy. 626 were included from a total of 778 with age 35 years, who resolved their pregnancy during 1995. They were classified, according to age, in two groups: 1) maternal age of 35-39 year; they were considered primigestas and multigestas. Perinatal complications were classified in personal antecedent, antepartum and intrapartum complications. To analyze the association between maternal age and parity with perinatal complications, X2 or exact test of Fisher, was used. Percentage of women with advanced age and pregnancy was 13.6%. Main perinatal complications were: preeclapmsia, gestational diabetes, preterm delivery threat, and membranes rupture. There were no significant differences as to complications by age and parity. There were 90% of children with 2500 g, and Apgar of 97%. Perinatal death was 0.4%, and fetal malformation 0.6%. Cesarean frequency, was over 90% in primigestas and in more of 60% in multigestas. Perinatal evolution in advanced age and pregnancy is adequate, if she starts prenatal control early enough.

[Cesarean section: science or anxiety? Eleven years of institutional experience]. / Operación cesárea: ciencia o ansiedad? Once años de experiencia institucional.

The increasing rise of cesarean section rate invites to analyze its indications. The present study was done from 1985 to 1995, which means 11 years of study with 38,407 cases. Frequency and clinical indications were analyzed. As to births, frequency was 40.6%. Main causes were: Iterative section 38.2%; cephalopelvic disproportion 28.1%; pelvic presentation, 23.4%; hypertensive disease in pregnancy 16.3%; and acute fetal suffering, 10.9%. The careful observation of indications in every institution, may produce better reasons for reducing such high indexes.