[Interactive and conversational experiences of visiting families in "Darwin, the exhibition, exploring species," at the Museo Trompo Mágico, Mexico]. / Experiencias interactivas y conversacionales de familias visitantes en "Darwin, la exposición,explorando las especies", en el Museo Trompo Mágico, México.

We analyzed the conversational content and interactions of ten families, with the aim of understanding the learning experience of families in a scientific exhibition. As instrument of analysis, it was used a protocol combining theoretical and empirical aspects of interactivity. The results show that the families actively participated in the exhibition, observing and talking about the animals, asking questions, looking for answers and elaborating explanations based on scientific thinking. The adults acted as facilitators of learning and for this they were supported by information panels promoting the connection with previous experiences. Children show curiosity, emotions and behaviors that evidence their learning experiences and interest in scientific topics.

Analizamos el contenido conversacional y las interacciones de diez familias, con el fin de comprender cómo es la experiencia de aprendizaje en una exposición científica. Como herramienta de análisis se utilizó un protocolo que combina aspectos teóricos y empíricos de la interactividad. Los resultados evidencian que las familias participaron activamente en la exhibición, observando y conversando sobre los animales, haciendo preguntas, buscando respuestas y elaborando explicaciones basadas en el pensamiento científico. Los adultos actuaron como facilitadores del aprendizaje y para ello se apoyaron en paneles informativos fomentando la conexión con experiencias previas. Los niños muestran curiosidad, emociones y comportamientos que evidencian sus experiencias de aprendizaje e interés por temas científicos.

Representações sociais de médicos da Atenção Primária sobre a atenção à saúde para pessoas com deficiência / Representaciones sociales de médicos de la atención primaria sobre la atención de la salud para personas con discapacidad / Social representations of primary care physicians about health care for people with disabilities

O presente artigo objetivou analisar as representações sociais de médicos atuantes na Estratégia Saúde da Família sobre atendimento à saúde para pessoas com deficiência (PcD). Utilizou-se a Teoria das Representações Sociais, com abordagem estrutural da Teoria do Núcleo Central, a partir da técnica de evocação de palavras analisadas pelos softwares Evoc® e Iramutec®. Participaram da pesquisa 109 médicos, predominantemente jovens e mulheres. A atenção às PcD se orienta por uma prática incompleta, insegura e permeada pelo receio de médicos que referem lacunas no processo de formação profissional, além de haver dificuldades de comunicação com pacientes identificados como PcD. Poucos médicos apresentam relatos mais inclusivos na assistência de PcD. Predominam as percepções restritas ao corpo, normatizadas pelo modelo biomédico e que ignoram as estruturas sociais. (AU)

El objetivo fue el análisis de las Representaciones Sociales de médicos actuantes en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia sobre atención de la salud para personas con discapacidad (PcD). Se utilizó la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, con abordaje estructural de la Teoría del Núcleo Central a partir de la técnica de evocación de palabras analizadas por los softwares EVOC® e IRAMUTEC®. Participaron 109 médicos, predominantemente jóvenes y mujeres. La atención a las PcD se orienta por una práctica incompleta, insegura, atravesada por el recelo de médicos que refieren lagunas en el proceso de formación profesional, además de dificultades de comunicación con pacientes identificados como PcD. Pocos médicos presentan relatos más inclusivos en la asistencia de PcD. Predominan las percepciones restringidas al cuerpo, normalizadas por el modelo biomédico y que ignoran las estructuras sociales.(AU)

The objective was to analyze the Social Representations of physicians working in the Family Health Strategy on health care for people with disabilities (PwD). The Theory of Social Representations was used, with a structural approach of the Central Nucleus Theory based on the technique of evoking words analyzed by the EVOC® and IRAMUTEC® software. 109 physicians participated, predominantly younger individuals and women. Care to PwD is guided by an incomplete, unsafe practice, permeated by the fear of doctors who mention gaps in the professional training process, in addition to communication difficulties with patients identified as PwD. Few physicians have more inclusive reports on PwD care. The predominant perceptions are restricted to the body, standardized by the biomedical model and ignoring social structures.(AU)

Experiencias interactivas y conversacionales de familias visitantes en "Darwin, la exposición,explorando las especies", en el Museo Trompo Mágico, México / Interactive and conversational experiences of visiting families in "Darwin, the exhibition, exploring species," at the Museo Trompo Mágico, Mexico

Resumen Analizamos el contenido conversacional y las interacciones de diez familias, con el fin de comprender cómo es la experiencia de aprendizaje en una exposición científica. Como herramienta de análisis se utilizó un protocolo que combina aspectos teóricos y empíricos de la interactividad. Los resultados evidencian que las familias participaron activamente en la exhibición, observando y conversando sobre los animales, haciendo preguntas, buscando respuestas y elaborando explicaciones basadas en el pensamiento científico. Los adultos actuaron como facilitadores del aprendizaje y para ello se apoyaron en paneles informativos fomentando la conexión con experiencias previas. Los niños muestran curiosidad, emociones y comportamientos que evidencian sus experiencias de aprendizaje e interés por temas científicos.

Abstract We analyzed the conversational content and interactions of ten families, with the aim of understanding the learning experience of families in a scientific exhibition. As instrument of analysis, it was used a protocol combining theoretical and empirical aspects of interactivity. The results show that the families actively participated in the exhibition, observing and talking about the animals, asking questions, looking for answers and elaborating explanations based on scientific thinking. The adults acted as facilitators of learning and for this they were supported by information panels promoting the connection with previous experiences. Children show curiosity, emotions and behaviors that evidence their learning experiences and interest in scientific topics.

Processamento de produtos odontológicos em unidades básicas de saúde na cidade de Porto Velho, Rondônia / Processing of dental products in basic health units of Porto Velho, Rondônia

Avaliar o processamento de produtos odontológicos em unidades básicas de saúde na cidade de Porto Velho, capital de Rondônia. Estudo transversal conduzido em 13 unidades com coleta em três etapas: preenchimento de questionário, observação não participante e leitura de registros. A conformidade no processamento dos produtos foi avaliada de acordo com as recomendações e normativas vigentes no Brasil. Pouco mais da metade das unidades apresenta sala de expurgo exclusiva (53,8%) e havia inconformidades relacionadas à iluminação (69,3%), água potável (100,0%) e falta de escovas adequadas (46,2%). Todas as unidades ofereciam equipamento de proteção individual. Apenas 18,6% utilizavam detergentes adequados ou sabão desincrustante e 100,0% dos produtos eram lavados manualmente. As principais inconformidades foram o uso de material abrasivo (46,2%), não utilização de óculos ou máscaras (100,0%), inspeção incorreta após a lavagem (100,0%), preparo inadequado de soluções de desinfecção química (77,0%) e 84,6% não realizavam o enxágue adequado. O processamento de produtos odontológicos na atenção básica de saúde na cidade de Porto Velho apresenta fragilidades que podem levar a infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde.

To evaluate the processing of dental products in basic health units in the capital of Rondônia. Cross-sectional study conducted in 13 units with collection in three stages: filling out a questionnaire, non-participant observation and reading of records. Compliance in the processing of products was evaluated in accordance with the recommendations and regulations in force in Brazil. Just over half of the units have an exclusive purge room (53.8%) and there were nonconformities related to lighting (69.3%), potable water (100%) and lack of adequate brushes (46.2%). All units offered personal protective equipment. Only 18.6% used adequate detergents or descaling soap and 100.0% of the products were washed manually. The main nonconformities were the use of abrasive material (46.2%), non-use of glasses or masks (100.0%), non-correct inspection after washing (100.0%), inadequate preparation of chemical disinfection solutions (77.0%) and 84.6% did not rinse with abundant water. The processing of dental products in in primary care in Porto Velho has weaknesses that can lead to infections related to health care.

Factors associated with the performance of episiotomy.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with the performance of episiotomy. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, developed with data from the research "Born in Belo Horizonte: Labor and birth survey, "conducted with 577 women who had their children via vaginal birth. In order to verify the magnitude of the association between episiotomy and its possible determinants, logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the odds ratio. RESULTS: Episiotomy was performed in 26.34% of women, and 59.21% knew they had been subjected to it. We observed that younger women, primiparous women, women assisted by a professional other than the obstetric nurse and women who had their babies in a private hospital have an increased chance of being submitted to this procedure. CONCLUSION: Considering the rates of episiotomy, this study highlights the need for the absolute contraindication to indiscriminate performing it.

Baseline resistance associated substitutions in HCV genotype 1 infected cohort treated with Simeprevir, Daclatasvir and Sofosbuvir in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization estimates that 1% of the world population (71 million) is infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). In 2015, three direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), simeprevir (SMV), sofosbuvir (SOF) and daclatasvir (DCV) were included in the Brazilian protocol for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Despite the fact that the use of these drugs is associated with higher treatment response rates and with lower incidence of side effects, studies have shown the association between the presence of viral resistance mutations and the failure of pharmacological treatment. AIM: This way, this study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of treatment for HCV genotypes 1a and 1b infected patients with these DAAs, also analyzing the occurrence and prevalence of baseline resistance associated substitutions (RAS), observing the impact of these mutations into the treatment success. METHODS: Clinical data were collected from all the 262 HCV infected patients included for comparative analysis, while serum samples collected from 144 of these individuals, before treatment, were submitted to molecular biology approaches for mutation analysis into NS3, NS5A and NS5B regions. RESULTS: Regarding the treatment regimens, 49.6% of the patients received SOF+DCV±ribavirin and 50.4% used SOF+SMV±ribavirin. The sustained virological response at 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12) rate was 92.7% (93.9% for SOF plus DCV and 91.7% for SOF plus SMV). No clinical or laboratorial factor was statistically associated with SVR. The most common adverse reactions were haematological events, nausea/vomiting, headache and asthenia. Out of 144 blood samples, 70 (48.6%) had detected RAS, 34.8% treated with SOF+DCV±ribavirin and 61.3% SOF+SMV±ribavirin. The resistance mutations against SMV were detected into NS3: substitutions G122S (28%), I170V (22.7%), Y56F (17.3%) and V132I (14.7%). The mutations against DCV R30Q (9.1%), P58H (6.1%) and Q62E (6.1%) were observed into NS5A, and for SOF the mutations A421V (10.6%), L159F (6.4%) and C316N (6.4%) were present inside NS5B viral protein. Four patients did not reach SVR, three of them presented viruses carrying RAS (1 treated with SOF+DCV and 2 with SOF+SMV). Some of these mutations, like R30Q (present in relapsing samples) and L159F, are well known by their influence on antiviral resistance, while others, like C316N, have a compensatory effect on viral fitness, maintaining these baseline RAS. CONCLUSION: The use of treatment regimens composed of SOF and DCV or SOF and SMV showed a high SVR rate, despite of a high rate of RAS, and a good tolerability profile in patients with HCV genotype 1. However, the high occurrence of baseline RAS observed in this casuistic is still a concern and studies like this show the necessity to understand how they are maintained in the population and to direct more efficiently the use of DAAs.

Chemical analysis of the semipurified extract of Paullinia cupana and evaluation of in vitro inhibitory effects against Helicobacter pylori.

Paullinia cupana Kunth, commonly known as guarana, is a native Brazilian plant species from the Amazon area that presents various biological effects, including antimicrobial action. The aim of this study was to chemically analyse the semipurified aqueous extract (AqF) of the plant and to evaluate the activity of crude (CE), ethyl-acetate (EAF), and AqF extracts against Helicobacter pylori. The chemical profile of AqF was determined based on solid analysis 13C-NMR, direct infusion mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and MALDI-TOF. The 13C-NMR spectrum showed characteristics of flavan-3-ol and oligomeric proanthocyanidins. ESI-MS revealed the presence of procyanidin, caffeic acid and its derivatives. MALDI-TOF analysis detected procyanidins of up to 6 units and profisetinidins of up to 5 units. Whereas CE and EAF showed inhibitory activity against H. pylori, CE, EAF, and AqF presented not high inhibitory activity against urease. The results demonstrate the potential of P. cupana to control and prevent H. pylori infection.

Factors associated with the performance of episiotomy / Factores relacionados a la realización de episiotomía / Fatores associados à realização de episiotomia

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the performance of episiotomy. Methods: Cross-sectional study, developed with data from the research "Born in Belo Horizonte: Labor and birth survey, "conducted with 577 women who had their children via vaginal birth. In order to verify the magnitude of the association between episiotomy and its possible determinants, logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the odds ratio. Results: Episiotomy was performed in 26.34% of women, and 59.21% knew they had been subjected to it. We observed that younger women, primiparous women, women assisted by a professional other than the obstetric nurse and women who had their babies in a private hospital have an increased chance of being submitted to this procedure. Conclusion: Considering the rates of episiotomy, this study highlights the need for the absolute contraindication to indiscriminate performing it.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar los factores relacionados a la realización de episiotomía. Métodos: Estudio transversal, desarrollado con datos de la investigación "Nascer en Belo Horizonte: Averiguación sobre el parto y nacimiento", realizada con 577 mujeres que tuvieron sus hijos por vía vaginal. Para verificar la magnitud de la relación entre la realización de episiotomía y sus posibles determinantes, han sido construidos modelos de regresión logística para estimar la odds ratio. Resultados: La episiotomía ha sido realizada en 26,34% de las mujeres; y, de estas, 59,21% sabían que habían sido sometidas a ella. Se observó que mujeres más jóvenes, primigestas, mujeres asistidas por profesional que no sea enfermero obstetra y mujeres que tuvieron sus bebés en hospital privado presentan aumento en la chance de ser sometidas a eso procedimiento. Conclusión: Considerando las tajas del uso de la episiotomía, este estudio destaca la necesidad de contraindicación absoluta de su realización indiscriminada.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores associados à realização de episiotomia. Métodos: Estudo transversal, desenvolvido com dados da pesquisa "Nascer em Belo Horizonte: Inquérito sobre o parto e nascimento", realizada com 577 mulheres que tiveram seus filhos por via vaginal. Para verificar a magnitude da associação entre a realização de episiotomia e seus possíveis determinantes, foram construídos modelos de regressão logística para estimar a odds ratio. Resultados: A episiotomia foi realizada em 26,34% das mulheres; e, destas, 59,21% sabiam que haviam sido submetidas a ela. Observou-se que mulheres mais jovens, primigestas, mulheres assistidas por profissional que não o enfermeiro obstetra e mulheres que tiveram seus bebês em hospital privado apresentam aumento na chance de serem submetidas a esse procedimento. Conclusão: Considerando as taxas do uso da episiotomia, este estudo destaca a necessidade de contraindicação absoluta de sua realização indiscriminada.

Factors associated with the performance of episiotomy / Factores relacionados a la realización de episiotomía / Fatores associados à realização de episiotomia

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the performance of episiotomy. Methods: Cross-sectional study, developed with data from the research "Born in Belo Horizonte: Labor and birth survey, "conducted with 577 women who had their children via vaginal birth. In order to verify the magnitude of the association between episiotomy and its possible determinants, logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the odds ratio. Results: Episiotomy was performed in 26.34% of women, and 59.21% knew they had been subjected to it. We observed that younger women, primiparous women, women assisted by a professional other than the obstetric nurse and women who had their babies in a private hospital have an increased chance of being submitted to this procedure. Conclusion: Considering the rates of episiotomy, this study highlights the need for the absolute contraindication to indiscriminate performing it.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar los factores relacionados a la realización de episiotomía. Métodos: Estudio transversal, desarrollado con datos de la investigación "Nascer en Belo Horizonte: Averiguación sobre el parto y nacimiento", realizada con 577 mujeres que tuvieron sus hijos por vía vaginal. Para verificar la magnitud de la relación entre la realización de episiotomía y sus posibles determinantes, han sido construidos modelos de regresión logística para estimar la odds ratio. Resultados: La episiotomía ha sido realizada en 26,34% de las mujeres; y, de estas, 59,21% sabían que habían sido sometidas a ella. Se observó que mujeres más jóvenes, primigestas, mujeres asistidas por profesional que no sea enfermero obstetra y mujeres que tuvieron sus bebés en hospital privado presentan aumento en la chance de ser sometidas a eso procedimiento. Conclusión: Considerando las tajas del uso de la episiotomía, este estudio destaca la necesidad de contraindicación absoluta de su realización indiscriminada.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores associados à realização de episiotomia. Métodos: Estudo transversal, desenvolvido com dados da pesquisa "Nascer em Belo Horizonte: Inquérito sobre o parto e nascimento", realizada com 577 mulheres que tiveram seus filhos por via vaginal. Para verificar a magnitude da associação entre a realização de episiotomia e seus possíveis determinantes, foram construídos modelos de regressão logística para estimar a odds ratio. Resultados: A episiotomia foi realizada em 26,34% das mulheres; e, destas, 59,21% sabiam que haviam sido submetidas a ela. Observou-se que mulheres mais jovens, primigestas, mulheres assistidas por profissional que não o enfermeiro obstetra e mulheres que tiveram seus bebês em hospital privado apresentam aumento na chance de serem submetidas a esse procedimento. Conclusão: Considerando as taxas do uso da episiotomia, este estudo destaca a necessidade de contraindicação absoluta de sua realização indiscriminada.

Lipoproteolytic capacity and potential of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from cold raw milk.

The objective of the work described in this research communication was to determine the lipoproteolytic capacity and potential of Pseudomonas spp. from the microbiota of refrigerated raw milk. The influence of temperature and bacterial population on these activities was also evaluated. Pseudomonas spp. (PS) counts (30 °C/48 h) were confirmed by PCR. Proteolytic (10% milk agar) and lipolytic capacities (PLC) (tributyrin agar) were evaluated (21 °C/72 h). Proteolytic (PP) and lipolytic potential (LP) were assessed by measuring the diameter of the halos and were categorized as low or high. A total of 91.3% PS possessed PLC. The PP of 64.16% isolates was high and was frequently observed in PS from milk samples with higher counts and lower temperatures. The LP of 70.52% isolates was low, and higher LP was associated with low microbiological counts and temperatures. Genetic studies evaluating Pseudomonas spp. strains in the milking environment and investigating the origin of these isolates could be useful to improve the quality and shelf life of dairy products.

Improvement of the characteristics of fish gelatin - gum arabic through the formation of the polyelectrolyte complex.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize the interaction between fish gelatin (FG) and Gum Arabic(GA) and its effects in obtaining optimal atomization conditions. The optimal conditions (D = 0.866) founded in this paper were: Gum Arabic concentration of 33.4% and inlet air temperature of 130 °C. These conditions afforded 6.62 g/h yield, 0.27 aw and 247 g of Gel Strength, that are considered as suitable characteristics for food grade gelatin. The complex formed (FG-GA) was successfully obtained, as demonstrated by the results of amino acid profile, SDS-PAGE, FTIR spectroscopy, zeta potential and morphology. It was also verified that the formation of FG-GA promotes positive changes, such as higher atomization yield, adequate Gel Strength, low hygroscopicity and high solubility. The technological properties of FG-GA shown high potential to be applied in the food industry as well in other industrial fields like chemical and pharmaceutical areas.

Isolation and Characterization of Pancreatic Canine Fetal Cells at the Final Stage of Gestation.

The incidence of diabetes mellitus in dogs is increasing in recent years, mainly because of genetic and/or environmental factors, including endocrine disorders (like in humans); failure of suitable control of blood sugar levels, which triggers hyperglycemia; glycosuria and weight loss, which demands the development of innovative treatments to cure or treat this complex disease in dogs. The present study established for the first time a protocol to obtain and characterize cells derived from pancreas of canine fetuses. Those fetuses do not have a defined breed and were at the final stage of gestation. The protocol aims to provide morphological data to enable future applications of these cells for therapeutic approaches. In cell culture, pancreatic cells showed a fibroblast-like appearance with a mono-layered growth pattern and were not tumorigenic. They exhibited a positive expression for the pluripotent proliferation markers NANOG and PCNA and expressed PDX1, a transcription factor that is important for activation of the insulin gene promoter. In addition, Tyrosine Hydroxylase-positive (TH+) sympathetic nerve fibers were identified. Histologically, the pancreatic epithelium was developed, pancreatic glands in the fetuses were like those in the parenchyma of postconception dogs and pancreatic islets were unevenly distributed and organized in small clusters along the glands close to the vasculature. Staining with dithizone indicated the presence of insulin in the cells. A large number of beta cells were confirmed by immunofluorescence. In conclusion, the canine fetal pancreas cells could be an alternative and adequate source of cell lineages for stem cell therapies for diabetes treatment. Anat Rec, 302:1409-1418, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors among older adults treated at a referral center / Prevalência de sintomas depressivos e seus fatores associados em idosos atendidos por um centro de referência

Abstract The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors among older adults treated at a referral center. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 360 older adults treated at a Referral Center for the Health of Older Adults in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The following data were collected in 2017: demographic, socioeconomic, morbidity, hospital admission in the last year, frailty (Edmonton Frail Scale), functional capacity (Katz Index, Lawton and Brody Scale) and presence of depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale - GDS-15). Multiple analysis was performed through logistic regression. A prevalence of depressive symptoms was observed in 37.2% of the sample. The variables associated with depressive symptoms were: negative perception about one's own health (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.34-2.70); frailty (OR=1.94, 95% CI 1.41-2.66); having suffered falls (OR=1.24, 95% CI 1.01-1.61); having been hospitalized in the last year (OR=1.56, 95% CI, 1.11-2.27); (OR=2.56, 95% CI 1.38-4.77) and residing alone (OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.09-2.53). Thus, a high prevalence of depressive symptoms was identified among the older adults, evidencing the need for an effective and immediate approach by health professionals.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou estimar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos e seus fatores associados em idosos atendidos em um centro de referência. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com amostra de 360 idosos atendidos em um Centro de Referência a Saúde do Idoso no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 2017. Foram coletadas variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, morbidades, internação hospitalar no último ano, fragilidade (Edmonton Frail Scale), capacidade funcional (Índice de Katz, Escala de Lawton e Brody) e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (Geriatric Depression Scale - GDS-15). Foi realizada análise múltipla por meio da regressão logística. Observou-se prevalência de sintomas depressivos em 37,2% da amostra. As variáveis associadas aos sintomas depressivos foram: percepção negativa sobre a própria saúde (OR=1,9; IC 95% 1,34-2,70); fragilidade (OR=1,94; IC 95% 1,41-2,66); ter sofrido quedas (OR=1,24; IC 95% 1,01-1,61); ter sido internado no último ano (OR=1,56; IC 95% 1,11-2,27); apresentar incapacidade funcional para realizar AIVD (OR=2,56; IC 95% 1,38-4,77) e residir sozinho (OR=1,66; IC 95% 1,09-2,53). Assim, identificou-se alta prevalência de sintomas depressivos nos idosos, o que evidência a necessidade de uma abordagem efetiva e imediata pelos profissionais de saúde.

Evaluation of functional disability and associated factors in the elderly / Avaliação da incapacidade funcional e fatores associados em idosos

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence and self-reported socio-demographic and health factors associated with functional disability in basic and instrumental activities of daily living among the elderly. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out, based on a representative sample of elderly people receiving care at a reference unit in the north of the state of Minas Gerais. The data were collected in 2015. Demographic and socioeconomic variables, morbidity, hospitalizations in the previous year, frailty (Edmonton Frail Scale), geriatric depression (GDS-15), and functional disability (Katz Index, Lawton and Brody Scales) were analyzed. Multiple analysis was performed using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: 360 elderly people aged 65 years and over participated in the study. The prevalence of functional disability for Basic Activities of Daily Living was 21.4% while for instrumental activities it was 78.3%. Functional disability in basic activities was higher among elderly males (p=0.03) who had suffered strokes (p=0.00) and were frail (p=0.00), while for instrumental activities it was higher among older elderly persons (p=0.04); who were illiterate (p=0.00), had less than five years of schooling (p=0.02); had depressive symptoms (p=0.00) and were frail (p=0.00). It was lower among elderly persons who lived alone. Conclusion: A high prevalence of functional disability was identified among the elderly for instrumental activities of daily living, demonstrating the need for an effective and immediate approach by health professionals, who should employ preventive care in order to tackle this problem.

Resumo Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência e os fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde autorrelatados associados à incapacidade funcional para as atividades básicas e instrumentais da vida diária entre idosos. Método: Estudo transversal, com amostragem representativa de idosos atendidos por um centro de referência no norte de Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 2015. Analisaram-se variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas, morbidades, internação hospitalar no último ano, fragilidade (Edmonton Frail Scale), a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (Geriatric Depression Scale - GDS-15) e a incapacidade funcional (Índice de Katz, Escala de Lawton e Brody). Foi realizada análise múltipla por meio da regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 360 idosos com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos. A prevalência de incapacidade funcional para as Atividades Básicas da Vida Diária foi de 21,4% e para as atividades instrumentais foi de 78,3%. A incapacidade funcional para as atividades básicas foi maior entre idosos do sexo masculino (p=0,03) que sofreram AVC (p=0,00) e eram frágeis (p=0,00), e para as atividades instrumentais foi maior entre os mais longevos (p=0,04); que não sabiam ler (p=0,00), com menos de cinco anos de estudo (p=0,02); que apresentaram sintomas depressivos (p=0,00) e eram frágeis (p=0,00); e menor entre os idosos que residem sozinhos. Conclusão: Identificou-se alta prevalência de incapacidade funcional para as atividades instrumentais de vida diária entre os idosos, o que evidencia a necessidade de uma abordagem efetiva e imediata pelos profissionais de saúde, que devem direcionar cuidados preventivos a fim de atenuar essa realidade.

Morphological and Cellular Characterization of the Fetal Canine (Canis lupus familiaris) Subventricular Zone, Rostral Migratory Stream, and Olfactory Bulb.

The existence of neurogenesis in the adult brain is a widely recognized phenomenon, occurring in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in several vertebrate species. Neural precursors originated in the SVZ migrate to the main olfactory bulb (MOB), originating the rostral migratory stream (RMS) in the process. To better understand the formation of the adult neurogenic niches in dogs, we investigated the cellular composition and morphological organization of these areas in 57 days-old dog fetuses. Using multiple immunohistochemical markers, we demonstrated that the SVZ in the canine fetus is remarkably similar to the adult SVZ, with glial GFAP-immunoreactive (-ir) cells, DCX-ir neuroblasts and SOX2-ir neuronal progenitors tangentially organized along the dorsal lateral ventricle. The fetal RMS has all the features of its adult counterpart and closely resembles the RMS of other mammalian species. The late-development canine MOB has most of the neurochemical features of the adult MOB, including an early-developed TH-ir population and maturing CALR-ir interneurons, but CALB-ir neurons in the granule cell layer will only appear in the post-partum period. Taken together, our results suggest that the canine fetal development of adult neurogenic niches closely resembles those of primates, and dogs may be suitable models of human adult neurogenesis. Anat Rec, 301:1570-1584, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Heightened expression of HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DQB2 in pre-implantation biopsies predicts poor late kidney graft function.

BACKGROUND: Accurate pre-transplant prediction of late graft function remains an unmet need in kidney transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate HLA genes expression levels in pre-implantation biopsies (PIB) of deceased donor kidneys as markers for long-term graft outcome. METHODS: HLA genes expression analysis was initially performed using microarray data of 53 PIB, previously generated by our laboratory. The validation analysis was performed by real-time PCR in 116 PIB from an independent cohort. RESULTS: The microarray data showed association between high expression levels of HLA class II genes, especially HLA-DQB1 and -DQB2, in kidneys from young (18 to 49-year-old) donors and poor (eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2) 1- and 5-year graft function. A subsequent study in an independent cohort, in which only HLA-DQB2 expression was evaluated, validated the association between increased HLA-DQB2 expression in PIB of kidneys from young donors and poor 1-year graft function: expression levels ≥0.0025 relative units conferred an odds ratio of 22.5, with positive and negative predictive values of 71.4% and 90.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Heightened expression of HLA-DQB1 and -DQB2 in PIB are promising tools for pre-transplant risk assessment of poor late graft function in transplants with kidneys from 18 to 49-year-old donors.

Detection and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium species and Giardia assemblages in two watersheds in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil.

Cryptosporidium and Giardia are associated with cases of water and foodborne outbreaks in the world. This study included 50 samples of surface raw water collected from two watersheds in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The isolation of (oo)cysts was performed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's methods 1623 and genotypic characterization and quantification were carried out by Nested PCR and qPCR assays based on 18S rRNA and gdh genes, respectively. U.S. EPA 1623 method showed the presence of (oo)cysts in 40% ([Formula: see text] = 0.10 oocysts/L) and 100% ([Formula: see text] = 7.6 cysts/L) of samples from São Lourenço River, respectively, and 24% ([Formula: see text] = 0.8 oocysts/L) and 60% ([Formula: see text] = 1.64 cysts/L) of Guarapiranga Reservoir, respectively. The qPCR assay detected C. hominis/parvum in 52% (0.06 to 1.85 oocysts/L) of São Lourenço River and 64% (0.09 to 1.4 oocysts/L) of Guarapiranga Reservoir samples. Presence/absence test for Giardia intestinalis was positive in 92% of São Lourenço River and 8% of Guarapiranga Reservoir samples. The assemblage A was detected in 16% (0.58 to 2.67 cysts/L) in São Lourenço River and no positive samples were obtained for assemblage B in both water bodies. The characterization of anthroponotic species C. parvum/hominis, G. intestinalis, and assemblage A was valuable in the investigation of possible sources of contamination in the watersheds studied confirming the need of expanding environmental monitoring measures for protection of these water sources in our country.

In vitro antiviral activity of propolis and Baccharis sp. extracts on animal herpesviruses / Atividade antiviral in vitro de extratos de própolis e de Baccharis sp. sobre herpes vírus animal

This study evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity of propolis and Baccharis sp. extracts on three animal herpesviruses (bovine, equine and swine). The propolis samples were produced by two species of bees. There was red and green propolis, which came from africanized Apis melifera, and a third type obtained from a native bee species, Tetragonisca angustula (jatai). The Baccharis extracts were obtained from four different species: B. oblongifolia, B. burchellii, B. dracunculifolia and B. uncinella. The maximum non-toxic concentration of the extracts was determined when no visible morphological changes were observed on the cells. These non-toxic concentrations were used in the antiviral tests. Antiviral activity was evaluated using a reduction assay of the cytopathic effect, which calculated the difference between treated and control virus titer by statistical analysis. Red propolis was active against the three herpesviruses and green propolis showed inhibition against the equine and swine herpesviruses. Conversely, jataí propolis showed no antiviral activity. Most extracts coming from male and female individuals of all of the Baccharis species showed antiviral activity against bovine and swine herpesviruses. Only the extract of the female specimen of B. oblongifolia was an inhibitor against equine herpesvirus.(AU)

O trabalho avaliou a atividade antiviral in vitro de própolis e espécies de Baccharis sobre três herpes vírus animais (bovino, equino e suíno). As própolis foram produzidas por duas espécies de abelhas. Pela Apis melifera (abelha africanizada) foram obtidas duas própolis, vermelha e verde, e uma terceira foi obtida pela abelha nativa Tetragonisca angustula (abelha jataí). Os extratos de Baccharis foram obtidos de 4 espécies diferentes: B. ­oblongifolia, B. burchellii, B. dracunculifolia e B. uncinella. A concentração máxima não tóxica dos extratos foi determinada pela ausência de alterações morfológicas nas células, e essas concentrações então utilizadas nos testes antivirais. A atividade antiviral foi avaliada pela redução do efeito citopático e calculada a partir da diferença entre o título viral do tratado pelo controle e feita a análise estatística. A própolis vermelha foi ativa contra os três herpes vírus, e a própolis verde apresentou inibição contra os herpes vírus equino e suíno, enquanto a própolis da abelha jataí não apresentou atividade antiviral. A maioria dos extratos dos indivíduos masculinos e femininos de todas as espécies de Baccharis apresentou atividade antiviral contra os herpes vírus bovino e suíno. Apenas o extrato do indivíduo feminino de B. oblongifolia foi inibidor contra o herpes vírus equino.(AU)

Similaridades e diferenças de crianças/cuidadores atendidos em serviço-escola de psicologia e psiquiatria / Similarities and differences of children/caregivers at traning-clinic of psychology and psychiatry / Semejanzas y diferencias de niños/cuidadores atendidos en servicio-escuela de psicología y psiquiatría

Para oferecer o melhor atendimento a crianças e adolescentes encaminhados para serviço-escola de Psicologia e Psiquiatria, buscou-se descrever e comparar o perfil de famílias que buscaram atendimento nesses serviços. Foram avaliadas 40 mães e crianças (20 participantes em cada grupo ­ lista de espera para atendimento psicológico ou para atendimento psiquiátrico). As mães responderam ao Inventário de Comportamentos para Crianças, Inventário Beck de Depressão, Escala de Ajustamento Conjugal e entrevista semiestruturada. As crianças atendidas na Psiquiatria obtiveram mais escores clínicos para queixas somáticas, problemas de pensamento e problemas externalizantes. A comparação do perfil das responsáveis indicou que a escolha da modalidade de tratamento infantil pode estar relacionada às variáveis maternas, sendo que as mães com maior adversidade e depressão optam pelo tratamento medicamentoso. Observa-se a importância de atendimento simultâneo para mãe e criança e de propostas voltadas para garantir a procura e adesão ao tratamento psicológico. (AU)

In order to provide the best care to children and adolescents referred for university-based psychology and psychiatry centers, this research describes and compares the profile of families who looked for treatment in these services. Forty mothers and children were assessed (20 participants in each group ­ Waiting list for psychological counseling or psychiatric care). The mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist, Beck Depression Inventory, Marital Adjustment Scale and semi-structured interview. The children referred to psychiatry services had higher scores in the clinical range for somatic complaints, thought problems and externalizing problems. The comparison of the caregivers' profiles indicated that the choice of the type of service for the child was related to maternal variables, since mothers with greater adversity levels and depression choose drug treatment. This highlights the importance of simultaneously care for mother and child and proposals to ensure demand and adherence to psychological treatment. (AU)

Para ofrecer mayor atendimiento a niños y adolescentes encaminados para el servicio escuela de psicología y psiquiatría, se buscó describir y comparar el perfil de familias que buscaron ayuda en estos servicios.Fueron evaluados 40 madres y niños (20 participantes en cada grupo - Lista de espera para atendimiento psicológico o atendimiento psiquiátrico). Las madres respondieron al Inventario de Comportamiento para Niños, Inventario Beck de Depresión, Escala de Ajustamiento matrimonial y entrevista semi-estructurada. Los niños atendidos en psiquiatría obtuvieron mayores resultados clínicos para las quejas somáticas, problemas de pensamiento y problemas externos. La comparación de perfil de los responsables indicó que la elección de la modalidad de tratamiento infantil puede estar relacionada a las variables maternas. Madres con mayor adversidad o con depresión optan por tratamiento farmacológico. Se considera importante la atención simultánea (madre y niño) y también propuestas para garantizar la búsqueda y adhesión al tratamiento psicológico. (AU)

Occurrence of Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium sp. in wastewater samples from São Paulo State, Brazil, and Lima, Peru.

The objectives of the study were to detect and genotype Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia intestinalis in wastewater samples obtained from five cities with high transit of people in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, and at the entrance of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in Lima, Peru. Samples were collected and concentrated by centrifugation. The genomic DNA was extracted for molecular characterization by nested PCR for Cryptosporidium and double nested PCR for Giardia, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. G. intestinalis was found in 63.6 % of the samples, and the human assemblages A and B were identified. Cryptosporidium sp. was found in 36.4 % of the samples, and the species were corresponding to Cryptosporidium hominis, Cryptosporidium cuniculus, and Cryptosporidium muris. Results revealed the presence of human pathogenic Cryptosporidium species and G. intestinalis human pathogenic assemblages. Molecular tools highlight the importance to map the genetic diversity of these parasites, as well as to detect their epidemiological circulation pathway in the environment.