Effectiveness of web-based play therapy intervention in supporting the development of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The high prevalence of children with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Indonesia has become a concern for nursing because ADHD might emerge as neurological developmental problems if not treated early through appropriate intervention. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of web-based play therapy on the emotional, behavioural and social development of school-age children with ADHD. This study employs a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design with purposive sampling technique, and 126 children with ADHD (patients at a psychiatric hospital in Indonesia) as participants. The results show that play therapy is an effective intervention for the emotional, behavioural and social development of school-age children with ADHD (p = 0.048, p = 0.030, p = 0.030; α= 0.05). This study is recommended as a reference for optimising nursing care for children with ADHD using information technology in the form of web-based play therapy designed in line with the fundamentals of intervention for children with ADHD, using attractive features and flexible access.

Children's feelings in isolation rooms during COVID-19 hospitalization.

The treatment given to children who have been confirmed positive for COVID-19 and are showing symptoms involves isolation, which consequently is an unpleasant experience for pediatric patients. In isolation rooms, children reported a "rollercoaster" of feelings due to being separated from their families and familiar surroundings. This study examines children's emotions while being hospitalized in isolation rooms due to COVID-19. The study follows a descriptive qualitative design. Online interviews were carried out and involved 10 children who had been confirmed positive for COVID-19 and were hospitalized in two big cities in Sumatra. Four themes emerged from the data: i) children's emotional conditions after finding out they had positive COVID-19 test results; ii) boredom and inconvenience during isolation; iii) support from the children's peer; and iv) happy responses to receiving negative swab results and being allowed to go home. These themes describe the children's adaptation process to isolation based on the feelings they expressed during the interviews. This study suggests that, in order to improve their facilities, hospitals should support children's activities during isolation and nurses should improve their therapeutic communication with pediatric patients.

Perceptions of parents of under-5-year-old children with pneumonia on the effects of tobacco smoke: a phenomenology study in Manggarai, Eastern Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: In Eastern Indonesia, the incidence of pneumonia in under-5-year-old children is mostly predicted by environmental factors, such as exposure to household smoke and tobacco smoke. Sociocultural ideas shape the perception of parents on the effect of tobacco smoke thus influence their behaviour on reducing the smoke exposure on their child. The present study aimed to explore the perceptions of parents of under-5-year-old children with pneumonia about the effects of exposure to tobacco smoke. DESIGN AND METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted using a phenomenological approach. The study participants were 11 parents of under-5-year-old children with pneumonia in Manggarai, Eastern Indonesia. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and then analyzed using the Colaizzi method. RESULTS: The themes identified in the present study were i) "I know the risk of smoke, I can't help it" various perceptions on tobacco smoke effect; ii) tobacco causes shortness of breath on under-5-year-old children; and iii) tobacco smoke taking tolls on family's health and economy. CONCLUSIONS: The findings revealed that parent view tobacco smoke endanger children's health and hamper the socio-economic well-being of the family. It is necessary to improve parent's awareness about the effects of tobacco smoke through effective nursing communication that suits the family's needs and conditions.

Factors related to anxiety before surgery in children in urological operating rooms.

This study aimed to determine the factors associated with preoperative anxiety in school-age children and adolescents at one of top hospital in the capital city of Indonesia. This study used analytical cross-sectional study. The selection of respondents used proportional stratified random sampling with a total of 86 respondents consisting of 43 school age children and 43 adolescents. Data analysis employed was the Chi-Square and Independent TTest. The results showed that anxiety was being experienced by 54.7% of respondents. In this study, it was found that there was a significant relationship (p<α) among children anxiety before surgery and age, family presence, previous operating experience and patient waiting time. Meanwhile, there was no significant relationship between gender and anxiety level before surgery in children. The results of this study can be used as the basis and reference for the hospital in making policies regarding efforts to manage anxiety before surgery in children. Accordingly, nurses could make appropriate nursing care interventions in preoperative patients to overcome preoperative anxiety experienced by schoolage children and adolescents.

Appreciation family support and the abilities of children with special needs to maintain personal hygiene: an Indonesian case study.

Family support is needed to empower children with special needs to maintain personal hygiene, includes information, instrumental, emotional, and appreciation support. The study design was cross-sectional, involving 84 parents of children with special needs. The study was conducted via the respondents filling out a questionnaire consisting of three sub-questionnaires. The results showed no relationship between the characteristics of children with special needs and personal hygiene; there was also no relationship between parental characteristics and personal hygiene (P>0.05). There was, however, a relationship between information, instrumental, emotional, and appreciation support and personal hygiene (P<0.005), the most influential support being appreciation support. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between information, instrumental, emotional, and appreciation support and the ability of children with special needs to maintain their personal hygiene. The recommendations for future studies are different research methods to explore more about the types of family support.

Family Support towards Resilience in Adolescents with Type I Diabetes: A Preliminary Study in Indonesia.

The prevalence of diabetes has increased in adolescents. Diabetic adolescents need ongoing support from their families, and the family plays an important role in the management of the disorder. This study aimed to identify the relationship between family support and resilience in adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Quantitative data analysis was conducted using simple logistic regression. Meanwhile, qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The results show that the median duration of a T1DM diagnosis was 4 years, which was dominated by early adolescents in the study group (41.9%); the mean resilience score was 67.95 (range 0-100) with 53.5% of the participants had low resilience, and 55.8% of the respondents received a high level of family support. Logistic regression test results indicate that significant family support is associated with resilience.

The Effect of Sleep Hygiene Education on Sleep Quality in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Preliminary Study.

To identify the effect of sleep hygiene education on sleep quality in children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), a quasi-experiment with control group and pretest-posttest design was conducted. Samples of 46 children with T1DM in IKADAR were assigned into intervention (n = 23) and control (n = 23). The intervention group received sleep hygiene education for 10 minutes via video, then applied for 3 days. Respondents completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Indonesian version (pretest) and were evaluated on the third day (posttest). There was a significant difference in sleep quality score rate (p < 0.001) pre and post-intervention in the intervention group and no significant difference (p = 0.833) in the control group. There was a significant difference in sleep quality score rate between intervention and control group after intervention (p = 0.001). Sleep hygiene can improve sleep quality in children with T1DM; therefore, it can be implemented as a nursing intervention to overcome sleep disorder in children with T1DM.

Coping Strategies and Quality of Life of Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Preliminary Study.

This study was conducted to identify the correlations between the coping strategies and the quality of life of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This cross-sectional study involved 39 children from 13 to 18 years old with T1DM who were selected using the consecutive sampling technique. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 3.2 and Coping with a Disease questionnaire were used for this research, and the statistical analysis was conducted using the Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. The average age of the participants was 15.23 years old (± 1.81), they had been diagnosed with T1DM for an average of 5.54 years (± 3.06), and 59% were females. The most commonly used coping method was wishful thinking, and the quality of life mean was 63.82. The emotional reaction (p = 0.009, r = -0.413) and acceptance (p = 0.049. r = 0.317) coping strategies were significantly correlated with the quality of life. However, the other four coping strategies had no significant correlations with the quality of life. These study findings suggest that nurses should help to prevent children with T1DM from adopting emotional reactions as long-term coping mechanisms. Moreover, they should promote the use of the acceptance coping mechanism when providing nursing care for children with T1DM.

A Preliminary Study on "PRISMA" Education in Improving Self-Management and Level of Compliance in Children with Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Children with Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (TIDM) need long-term care that requires supervision. Without good management, there will be an increase in blood glucose, which can cause complications in organs and tissues. One way to improve self-management and level of compliance in blood glucose control is by providing education. This study aimed to determine the effect of PRISMA education on self-management and level of compliance in children with T1DM. This study used a quasi-experimental design with no control group. PRISMA education using animated videos was given to the respondents who filled out the questionnaire about self-management and level of compliance (pre-test) and were evaluated on the eighth day (post-test). The sample of this study consisted of 31 children in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, and Tangerang. The results of this study indicate that PRISMA education had significant effects on self-management (p < 0.05) and level of compliance (p < 0.05). The delivery of self-management education in the form of animated videos could improve self-management and children's compliance in the management of diet, physical act, treatment, stress management and blood glucose control. Thus, this educational tool could be useful if it is integrated into nursing interventions, especially in the field of pediatric nursing.

The Effect of Honey with ORS and a Honey Solution in ORS on Reducing the Frequency of Diarrhea and Length of Stay for Toddlers.

This study aims to identify the effect of honey with an oral rehydration solution (ORS) and a honey solution in ORS on the frequency of diarrhea and length of hospital stay for toddlers with diarrhea. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Padang and involved 72 toddlers aged 1-5 who were affected by diarrhea; the participants were selected through a probability sampling technique. The intervention group was provided with 5 ml of honey with an ORS and plain ORS at every diarrhea episode while the control group was provided with 10 ml of honey added to an ORS at every diarrhea episode. The findings suggest that there is a significant difference in the frequency of diarrhea between the intervention and control groups prior to and following the provision of honey with an ORS and honey added to an ORS (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the length of stay between both groups following the intervention and control treatments (p < 0.05). These results show that honey may be provided as an alternative therapy for toddlers with diarrhea.

Comparison of Various Kangaroo Mother Care Carriers on Maternal Comfort: A Pilot Study.

Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is an evidence-based approach that has been scientifically proven to have a positive effect on mothers and infants. One of the barriers to performing KMC at home is the absence of a special KMC carrier. The most widely used KMC carriers in Indonesia are kangaroo pouch, thari, wrap and traditional wraps in the form of a long strip of fabric. This study's aim was to compare the level of maternal comfort when performing KMC with three different KMC carriers. The study used crossover design involving 20 mothers with low birth weight (LBW) infants as responders, selected through a consecutive sampling method. Data were collected using a maternal comfort questionnaire, maternal anxiety questionnaire, and KMC observation sheet. The results of repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was no significant difference in maternal comfort when performing KMC with any of three KMC carriers (maternal comfort p = .366, α = .05). Therefore, KMC can be implemented using any of the types of carriers including kangaroo pouch, thari wrap, and traditional wrap.