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A patient presenting with acute ischemic stroke associated with patent foramen ovale (PFO) had concurrent deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and new-onset atrial fibrillation. Upon initiation of anticoagulation therapy, the patient developed hemorrhagic transformation of the stroke. The patient's multiple potential sources of embolic stroke were treated with concomitant left atrial appendage occlusion and PFO closure through the PFO, made possible by using the Steerable Amulet Sheath under 3D-intracardiac echocardiography guidance.
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Apêndice Atrial , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Ecocardiografia Tridimensional , Forame Oval Patente , Humanos , Forame Oval Patente/diagnóstico por imagem , Forame Oval Patente/terapia , Forame Oval Patente/complicações , Apêndice Atrial/diagnóstico por imagem , Apêndice Atrial/fisiopatologia , Cateterismo Cardíaco/instrumentação , Cateterismo Cardíaco/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , AVC Isquêmico/etiologia , AVC Isquêmico/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção , Masculino , Dispositivo para Oclusão Septal , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico por imagem , Fibrilação Atrial/terapia , Fibrilação Atrial/fisiopatologia , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Idoso , AVC Embólico/etiologia , AVC Embólico/prevenção & controle , AVC Embólico/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Key Clinical Message: In contrast to previously thought, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy can occur exclusively in the left ventricle in association with autosomal dominant mutation, even without any skin manifestations. Abstract: We present a case of a 43-year-old male with left ventricle (LV)-predominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) caused by a novel p.Q1830 mutation in the desmoplakin (DSP) gene. The patient had a significant family history of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and presented with presyncope and exertional dyspnea. The patient's electrocardiography (ECG) showed frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) with bigeminy and couplet patterns. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) revealed late gadolinium enhancement of the left ventricle (LV) and ventricular systolic dysfunction, suggesting LV-predominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. The patient was started on guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT), and an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) was implanted for primary prevention. The patient reported significant improvement in his heart failure symptoms at the 2-year follow-up. The article highlights the importance of timely diagnosis with multimodality imaging and genetic testing and management of the rare DSP-related LV-predominant ACM associated with a high risk of SCD.
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BACKGROUND: Secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) worsens in 10-15â¯% of heart failure (HF) patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) with Mitra-Clip (Abbot Vascular, Santa Clara, CA, USA) therapy is associated with improved survival and decreased rates of hospitalization for HF in selected patients with secondary MR. Data on TEER outcomes in CRT-non-responders are limited. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate outcomes of mitral TEER with Mitra-Clip in CRT-non-responders. METHODS: Cochrane, Scopus, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched for studies discussing outcomes of Mitra-Clip in CRT non-responders. Two reviewers were independently involved in screening studies and extracting relevant data. Individual study incidence rate estimates underwent logit transformation to calculate the weighted summary proportion under the random effect model. RESULTS: A total of eight reports met the inclusion criteria (439 patients). Mitra-Clip improved MR grade to ≤2+ in 83.8â¯% and 86.8â¯% of CRT non-responders at six months and one year, respectively. Symptomatic improvement (New York Heart Association class ≤II) was also found in 71â¯% and 78.1â¯% of CRT non-responders at six months and one year, respectively. The pooled overall incidence estimates of mortality at 30â¯days, 6â¯months, 1â¯year, and 2â¯years were 3.6â¯%, 9.2â¯%, 17.8â¯%, and 25.9â¯%, respectively. CONCLUSION: TEER with Mitra-Clip in patients with significant secondary MR who do not respond to CRT was associated with MR improvement, alleviation of symptoms, and mortality rates similar to those in the COAPT trial.
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Key Clinical Message: Legionnaires' disease, often presenting as pneumonia, can uncommonly manifest with extrapulmonary symptoms such as cerebellar involvement and rhabdomyolysis. This case emphasizes the successful resolution of dysarthria and renal dysfunction with prompt Legionella treatment, underscoring the importance of vigilance for diverse manifestations in Legionella infections. Abstract: Legionnaires' disease usually presents with pneumonia and a few extrapulmonary manifestations, such as neurological, musculoskeletal, and cutaneous manifestations. However, cerebellar involvement and rhabdomyolysis as an association with Legionella are not frequently encountered. We present a case of Legionella-induced rhabdomyolysis requiring hemodialysis and dysarthria that resolved with Legionella treatment.
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We present the case of a 59-year-old African American female with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who presented to the emergency department with chest discomfort. She had a coronary angiogram six months ago that showed no occlusive epicardial coronary artery disease. She had elevated troponin I levels and new regional wall motion abnormalities on echocardiogram. Her SARS-CoV-2 returned positive. After a multidisciplinary team approach, she underwent another coronary angiogram that showed new severe multivessel ostial lesions and a left main coronary artery aneurysm. COVID-19-related coronary artery vasculitis was suspected based on her clinical presentation, angiogram findings, and negative autoimmune workup. The patient underwent successful coronary artery bypass grafting and recovered without complications.
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BACKGROUND: Calcific aortic stenosis is the principal indication for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Comorbid mitral annular calcification (MAC) is often present in patients undergoing TAVR. Limited data exist on the impact of MAC on TAVR outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effects of MAC and concomitant mitral valve dysfunction (MVD) on TAVR outcomes. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, and OVID for studies until March 20, 2023. Using the random-effects Mantel-Haenszel method, we calculated pooled risk ratios (RRs) and their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for all dichotomous variables. RESULTS: Six studies comprising 5822 patients (2541 with MAC [severe MAC (>4 mm thickness) 583; non-severe MAC 1958; 400 with MVD; and 1071 without MVD], 3281 without MAC) met inclusion criteria. At 30 days and 1 year, no significant differences were observed between the overall MAC and no MAC groups in terms of mortality, stroke, and permanent pacemaker implantation. However, MAC with MVD was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to MAC without MVD at 30 days (RR = 3.43, 95 % CI 2.04-5.76, P < 0.00001) and at 1 year (RR = 2.44, 95 % CI 1.85-3.20, P < 0.00001). Moreover, the risk of cardiovascular mortality was higher in patients with MAC and MVD compared to those with MAC alone (RR = 2.77, 95 % CI 1.89-4.06, P < 0.00001). Additionally, patients with severe MAC had a higher risk of major bleeding at 30 days compared to the non-severe MAC group (RR = 1.33, 95 % CI 1.04-1.69, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: TAVR appears to be safe in patients with non-severe MAC, but severe MAC is associated with a higher risk of major bleeding and concomitant MVD increases the mortality risk in patients undergoing TAVR.
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Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Humanos , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/complicações , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Hemorragia/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Cardiac biomarkers like troponin have become essential for detecting myocardial ischemia, a hallmark of the acute coronary syndrome (ACS), in the emergency department (ED). However, inappropriate and excessive biomarker testing can lead to false positive results, patient anxiety, and unnecessary treatment. Our study aimed to develop an appropriateness criterion for troponin testing and examine the long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE) of patients tested with troponin in the ED. We retrospectively evaluated 407 patients who underwent troponin testing at a tertiary-care northeastern US hospital. The majority (nâ¯=â¯252, 62%) of troponin testing was appropriate, with the remainder deemed inappropriate. Baseline characteristics were equally distributed between the 2 groups. Of the appropriately ordered troponins, 34% were positive compared to 28% of the inappropriately ordered troponins (range 0.04-0.10 ng/mL). Patients were followed over 540 days. MACE occurred in 21% and 10% of patients in the appropriate and inappropriate groups, respectively. Unlike the inappropriate group (3.5%), 96% of the events in the appropriate group occurred within the first 200 days. Patients in the appropriate group were at an increased adjusted risk of MACE (HR 2.55, 95% CI (1.59-4.08), P < 0.001) on long-term follow-up. In addition, MACE was comparable between patients with positive and negative troponins in the inappropriate group (HR 1.46, 95% CI (0.28-7.71), Pâ¯=â¯0.65). Our study supports judicious troponin testing and the need for robust appropriateness criteria for ordering troponin in the ED to avoid overdiagnosis and inappropriate testing.
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Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Humanos , Troponina , Estudos Retrospectivos , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/diagnóstico , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/terapia , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Dor no Peito/diagnósticoRESUMO
Infective endocarditis (IE) is rare, and involvement of two valves is rarer yet. We present a case of a 22-year-old male with liver failure who was found to have bivalvular IE. This case sheds light on the association between bivalvular IE and seemingly unrelated symptoms, emphasizing the need for early recognition.
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Background: Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) may offer greater physiological benefits than traditional biventricular pacing (BiVP). However, there are limited data comparing the efficacy of LBBAP vs BiVP in patients with systolic heart failure (HF). Objective: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the feasibility and electromechanical and clinical outcomes of both LBBAP and BiVP. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies retrieved from various databases including PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials (CENTRAL) published up to May 22, 2023. The risk ratio (RR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively. Results: We included 12 studies with a total of 3004 patients (LBBAP = 1242, BiVP = 1762). Pooled results showed that LBBAP resulted in a significant increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (SMD 0.40, 95% CI 0.25, 0.54, P < .00001), echocardiographic response (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.29, P < .0001), improvement in New York Heart Association functional class (SMD -0.44, 95% CI -0.65 to -0.23, P < .0001), QRS duration reduction (SMD -0.90, 95% CI -1.14 to -0.66, P < .00001), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter reduction (SMD -0.31, 95% CI -0.57 to -0.05, P = .02), fewer HF hospitalizations (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.62, 0.85, P < .0001), and improved survival (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.58, 0.92, P = .007). In addition, LBBAP was associated with shorter fluoroscopy time (SMD -0.94, 95% CI -1.42 to -0.47, P < .0001) and lower pacing threshold at implantation (SMD -1.03, 95% CI -1.32 to -0.74, P < .00001) and at 6 months (SMD -1.44, 95% CI -2.11 to -0.77, P < .0001) as compared with BiVP. Conclusion: Compared with BiVP, LBBAP was associated with better electromechanical and clinical outcomes, including left ventricular ejection fraction, QRS duration, echocardiographic response, New York Heart Association functional class, HF hospitalization, and all-cause mortality in patients with systolic HF.
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Screening echocardiography aids in identifying cardiac emboli causes and asymptomatic cardiac metastases in high-grade neoplasms. Conversely, cardiac MRI provides advanced tissue characterization and broader extracardiac assessment.
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Infective endocarditis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients without a history of intravenous drug abuse and endovascular procedures is rare. We present a middle-aged man with fever, chills, night sweats and dyspnoea for 2 weeks. Physical examination and blood cultures were drawn, and the patient was empirically started on antibiotics. Unfortunately, the patient experienced progressive clinical deterioration requiring endotracheal intubation and vasopressor support. Transthoracic echocardiogram followed by transesophageal echocardiogram was performed that showed bicuspid aortic valve, severe aortic regurgitation, membranous ventricular septal defect, vegetations on aortic and tricuspid valves, dilated aortic root, and a fistula between the aorta and right atrium. The patient underwent emergent aortic valve and aortic root replacement along with tricuspid commissuroplasty and ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure. Later, intraoperative tissue cultures grew P. aeruginosa, and antipseudomonal antibiotic coverage was added. This case highlights that P. aeruginosa endocarditis can occur without risk factors and can lead to fatal cardiovascular complications.
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Endocardite Bacteriana , Endocardite , Fístula , Comunicação Interventricular , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Abscesso/diagnóstico por imagem , Abscesso/complicações , Endocardite Bacteriana/complicações , Endocardite Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Endocardite Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Endocardite/complicações , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Átrios do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Comunicação Interventricular/complicações , Fístula/complicaçõesRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is a resuscitation method for patients with refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is lacking. METHODS: We searched several electronic databases until March 2023 for RCTs comparing ECPR with conventional CPR in OHCA patients. RevMan 5.4 was used to pool risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: A total of four RCTs were included. The results of our meta-analysis showed no statistically significant benefit of ECPR regarding mid-term survival (RR 1.21; 95% CI 0.64 to 2.28; I2 = 48%; p = .55). We found a significant improvement with ECPR in mid-term favorable neurological outcome (RR 1.59; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.33; I2 = 0%; p = .02). There was no significant difference between ECPR and conventional CPR in long-term survival (RR 1.32; 95% CI 0.18 to 9.50; I2 = 64%; p = .79), and long-term favorable neurological outcome (RR 1.47; 95% CI 0.89 to 2.43; I2 = 25%; p = .13). There was an increased incidence of adverse events in the ECPR group (RR 3.22; 95% CI 1.18 to 8.80; I2 = 63%; p = .02). CONCLUSION: ECPR in OHCA patients was not associated with improved survival or long-term favorable neurological outcome but did improve favorable neurological outcome in the mid-term. However, these results are likely underpowered due to the small number of available RCTs. Large-scale confirmatory RCTs are needed to provide definitive conclusions.
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Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Parada Cardíaca Extra-Hospitalar , Humanos , Parada Cardíaca Extra-Hospitalar/terapia , Resultado do Tratamento , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Background: Patients with prediabetes are at increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the association between prediabetes and adverse clinical outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is inconsistent, in contrast to outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Thus, this meta-analysis evaluated the impact of dysglycaemia on PCI outcomes. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically reviewed from inception of databases until June 2022. In 17 studies, outcomes of PCI in patients with prediabetes were compared with patients who were normoglycaemic, and patients with DM. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at the longest follow-up. Results: Included were 12 prospective and five retrospective studies, with 11,868, 14,894 and 13,536 patients undergoing PCI in the prediabetes, normoglycaemic and DM groups, respectively. Normoglycaemic patients had a statistically lower risk of all-cause mortality, (risk ratio [RR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52-0.84), myocardial infarction (MI; RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.61-0.95) and cardiac mortality (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.39-0.87) compared with prediabetic patients undergoing PCI at the longest follow-up. Patients with prediabetes had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (RR=0.72 [95% CI 0.53-0.97]) and cardiac mortality (RR =0.47 [95% CI 0.23-0.93]) compared with patients with DM who underwent PCI. Conclusion: Among patients who underwent PCI for CAD, the risk of all-cause and cardiac mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events and MI in prediabetic patients was higher compared with normoglycaemic patients but lower compared with patients with DM.
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Introduction: The appropriate oxygen target post-resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients is uncertain. We sought to compare lower versus higher oxygen targets in patients following OHCA. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov until January 2023 to include all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated conservative vs. liberal oxygen therapy in OHCA patients. Our primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 90 days while our secondary outcomes were the level of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) at 48 h, ICU length of stay (LOS), and favorable neurological outcome (the proportion of patients with Cerebral Performance Category scores of 1-2 at end of follow-up). We used RevMan 5.4 to pool risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences (MDs). Results: Nine trials with 1971 patients were included in our review. There was no significant difference between the conservative and liberal oxygen target groups regarding the rate of all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.13; I2 = 55%). There were no significant differences between the two groups when assessing favorable neurological outcome (RR 1.01, 95% CI: 0.92 to 1.10; I2 = 4%), NSE at 48 h (MD 0.04, 95% CI: -0.67 to 0.76; I2 = 0%), and ICU length of stay (MD -2.86 days, 95% CI: -8.00 to 2.29 days; I2 = 0%). Conclusions: Conservative oxygen therapy did not decrease mortality, improve neurologic recovery, or decrease ICU LOS as compared to a liberal oxygen regimen. Future large-scale RCTs comparing homogenous oxygen targets are needed to confirm these findings.
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Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Limited data exists about the efficacy and clinical outcomes of AF ablation in HCM. Objective: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the role of catheter-based ablation for treatment of AF in patients with HCM. Methods: PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for studies discussing outcomes of catheter-based ablation for AF in patients with HCM. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted relevant data. Incidence rate estimates from individual studies underwent logit transformation to calculate the weighted summary proportion under the random effect model. Results: A total of 19 reports met the inclusion criteria (1183 patients). The single ablation procedure was successful in 39% patients. Up to 34% patients underwent a repeat ablation. About 41% patients in normal sinus rhythm after successful AF ablation received postprocedure antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy. Patients undergoing successful AF ablation experienced a significant improvement in the New York Heart Association functional class (standardized mean difference -1.03; 95% confidence interval -1.23 to -0.83; P < .00001). Conclusion: AF ablation appears to be safe and feasible in patients with HCM. Freedom from AF after undergoing successful ablation is associated with significant improvement in heart failure symptoms.
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BACKGROUND: The incidence of hospital admissions for pulmonary embolism (PE) and associated pleural effusion, and the impact of these effusions on outcomes on a national level is unknown. METHODS: Data from the National Inpatient Sample between 2016 to 2019 was used to conduct a retrospective nationwide cohort study of hospital admissions for PE with and without pleural effusion. Multiple logistic regressions and linear regression analyses were used to determine the independent impact of effusions on in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and cost. RESULTS: There were 937,744 hospital admissions with PE included in our analysis (median age 64 [interquartile range 50-76] years; 52.5% females). The in-hospital mortality rate overall was 3.7% which was 5.5% for patients with pleural effusion and 3.6% for patients without pleural effusion (p<0.001). The median length of stay was longer in the group with pleural effusion (6 [3-12] days vs 4 [2-6] days, p<0.001) and the median healthcare cost was higher among patients with pleural effusion (13,689 [7,279-30,915] vs 8,855 [5,472-16,531], p<0.001). The factors most associated with pleural effusion were atrial fibrillation (OR 1.89 95%CI 1.78-2.00, p<0.001) and arterial thrombosis (OR 1.48 95%CI 1.19-1.84, p<0.001). Pleural effusion was associated with increased odds of mortality in patients with PE (OR 1.30 95%CI 1.18-1.45, p<0.001). Pleural effusion was associated with increased length of stay (Coefficient 4.15 95%CI 3.99 to 4.32, p<0.001), and healthcare costs (Coefficient 12,164; 95%CI:11,639 to 12,688, p<0.001)). CONCLUSION: Concomitant pleural effusion is not uncommon among PE patients which is more common in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous arterial thrombosis. Pleural effusions in patients with PE are associated with higher in-hospital mortality, length of stay and cost.
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Fibrilação Atrial , Derrame Pleural , Embolia Pulmonar , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Masculino , Pacientes Internados , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Embolia Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Derrame Pleural/epidemiologia , Derrame Pleural/complicaçõesRESUMO
Coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) are defined as a dilation of a coronary vessel greater than 1.5 times the diameter of a local reference vessel. While CAAs tend to be incidental findings on imaging, they result in complications, such as thrombosis, embolization, ischemia, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Among symptomatic cases, chest pain has been the most common manifestation of CAAs. This necessitates an understanding of CAAs as a cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) presentation. However, due to the unclear pathophysiology of CAAs and their variable presentation complicated by similar ACS conditions, there is no clear strategy for CAA management. In this article, we will discuss the contribution of CAAs to ACS presentations and review the current management options for CAAs.
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Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Aneurisma Coronário , Embolização Terapêutica , Humanos , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/diagnóstico , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/etiologia , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/terapia , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Coronário/complicações , Aneurisma Coronário/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is being increasingly recognized globally with a female sex predilection. However, sex-related differences in clinical outcomes are yet to be identified. Therefore, we aim to investigate the sex differences in clinical outcomes in patients with TTS. We included cohort studies retrieved from the Web of Science, SCOPUS, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane until September 14, 2022. The risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous outcomes with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO with ID: CRD42022363349. Thirteen retrospective cohort studies, with a total of 104,410 patients were included. Men had a higher risk of in-hospital mortality (RR: 2.42 with 95% CI [1.53, 3.83], Pâ¯=â¯0.0002), long-term mortality (RR: 1.59 with 95% CI [1.40, 1.80], Pâ¯=â¯0.00001), cardiogenic shock (RR: 1.65 with 95% CI [1.52, 1.79], Pâ¯=â¯0.00001), arrhythmia (RR: 1.70 with 95% CI [1.56, 1.86], Pâ¯=â¯0.00001), and acute kidney injury (RR: 1.71 with 95% CI [1.50, 1.96]. Pâ¯=â¯0.00001), as compared with women. However, no significant difference was observed in stroke (RR: 1.22 with 95% CI [0.78, 1.89], Pâ¯=â¯0.39), left ventricular thrombus (RR: 0.96 with 95% CI [0.40, 2.33], Pâ¯=â¯0.93), and TTS recurrence (RR: 1.11 with 95% CI [0.68, 1.82], Pâ¯=â¯0.67) between men and women. Despite women having a higher incidence of TTS, men have higher morbidity and mortality rates. Hence, further studies are necessary to identify the pathophysiological factors of this sex difference in clinical outcomes, including hormonal and psychological variables.
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Caracteres Sexuais , Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Choque CardiogênicoRESUMO
The use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in cardiogenic shock (CS) is increasing. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the outcomes of Impella use with extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) support in patients with CS. We searched the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases for observational studies comparing Impella to ECMO in patients with CS. Risk ratios (RRs) for categorical variables and standardized mean differences (SMDs) for continuous variables were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. Twelve retrospective studies and one prospective study (Impella n=6652, ECMO n=1232) were identified. Impella use was associated with lower incidence of in-hospital mortality (RR 0.88 [95% CI 0.80-0.94], P=0.0004), stroke (RR 0.30 [0.21-0.42], P<0.00001), access-site bleeding (RR 0.50 [0.37-0.69], P<0.0001), major bleeding (RR 0.56 [0.39-0.80], P=0.002), and limb ischemia (RR 0.42 [0.27-0.65], P=0.0001). Baseline lactate levels were significantly lower in the Impella group (SMD -0.52 [-0.73- -0.31], P<0.00001). There was no significant difference in mortality at 6-12 months, MCS duration, need for MCS escalation, bridge-to-LVAD or heart transplant, and renal replacement therapy use between Impella and ECMO groups. In patients with CS, Impella device use was associated with lower in-hospital mortality, stroke, and device-related complications than ECMO. However, patients in the ECMO group had higher baseline lactate levels.