Exercise protects the hypothalamus morphology from the deleterious effects of high sucrose diet consumption.

A growing body of evidence suggests that elevated sucrose intake may contribute to the development of neurological disorders. Recognizing that regular exercise has the potential to reduce the occurrence of neuromuscular disorders, the present research investigated the impact of exercise on the redox status of the hypothalamus in mitigating the adverse effects associated with high sucrose intake. Forty Wistar albino rats were subjected to a high sucrose diet, with some groups engaging in exercise for a duration of 3 months. The exercise regimen was found to sustain the redox balance in the hypothalamus. In summary, the consumption of a high sucrose diet resulted in the disturbance of the histological morphology of the hypothalamus, accompanied by an increased percentage of caspase-3 positive cells. Additionally, the high sucrose diet disrupted the oxidant/antioxidant ratio in favor of oxidants, leading to elevated levels of AOPPs and AGEP. Conversely, exercise was effective in restoring most of these values to levels approximating the control group, indicating a potential protective effect of regular exercise against the detrimental impacts of high sucrose dietary consumption on the hypothalamus. Graphical abstract.

Diaryl pyrrolone fluorescent probing strategy for Mirabegron determination through condensation with ninhydrin and phenylacetaldehyde: Application to dosage forms, human urine and plasma.

Mirabegron (MRB) is a ß3-adrenoceptor agonist used for managing overactive bladder syndrome. A cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was suggested to serve the purpose of quantifying MRB in its pure state, pharmaceutical tablets, spiked human plasma and urine, and testing content uniformity. In the present study, ninhydrin and phenylacetaldehyde react with the amino group moiety of MRB in Teorell-Stenhagen buffer (pH 7.5) to generate a strongly fluorescent diaryl pyrrolone compound that emits fluorescence at a wavelength of 477 nm upon excitation at 385 nm. The obtained calibration curve showed a linear relationship with a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.9997) in the concentration range of 0.25 to 5.0 µg mL-1. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were 0.082 and 0.248 µg mL-1 respectively. The procedure was verified in accordance with the ICH guidelines. The suggested approach could be utilized for the selective analysis of MRB in its pharmaceuticals, either containing a single drug or co-formulated with solifenacin succinate. The greenness of the suggested method was confirmed using different green analytical metrics.

An eco-friendly one-pot spectrofluorimetric approach for the facile determination of overactive bladder drug, tolterodine: Application to dosage forms and biological fluids.

Tolterodine tartrate (TTD) was the first antimuscarinic medication developed exclusively for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome and was approved by the FDA in 1998. As a result of the drug's extensive utilization within the local community following its authorization, there is a pressing need to develop and validate a spectrofluorometric method that is economically efficient, easily reproducible, environmentally sustainable, and possesses high sensitivity. The developed approach relies on enhancing the fluorescence intensity of TTD to reach a level 720 % higher than its initial value, achieved through the application of an aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution. A strong correlation was observed with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998 between the concentration of TTD and the fluorescence intensity within the range of 25.0-500.0 ng mL-1. This approach could be employed to quantify TTD in its pure form and to examine pharmaceutical tablets for the purposes of verifying uniform content. Additionally, it was utilized for the evaluation of TTD concentrations in spiked human plasma.

Determination of antihistaminic drugs alcaftadine and olopatadine hydrochloride via ion-pairing with eosin Y as a spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric probe: application to dosage forms.

Four sensitive and fast analytical approaches relied on ion pairing with eosin Y were built up and evaluated using spectroscopy for determination of Alcaftadine and Olopatadine hydrochloride with high sensitivity and selectivity. Two spectrofluorimetric techniques were employed to observe the quenching effect of Alcaftadine or Olopatadine hydrochloride on the intrinsic fluorescence of eosin Y in a 0.1 M acetate buffer solution at pH 3.8 and 3.3 for Alcaftadine and Olopatadine hydrochloride, respectively. Those methods are considered the first spectrofluorimetric methods for Alcaftadine and Olopatadine hydrochloride assay. The fluorescence quenching effect was linear with concentration ranging from 150 to 2000 and 200 to 2000 ng mL-1 for Alcaftadine and Olopatadine hydrochloride, respectively. In the two spectrophotometric techniques, the absorbance of the produced ion-pair was monitored at 548 and 547 nm in aqueous buffered solution at pH 3.8 and 3.3 for Alcaftadine and Olopatadine hydrochloride, respectively. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentrations range of 0.8-8.0 and 1.0-10.0 µg mL-1. The four techniques were evaluated in accordance with ICH requirements and were effectively used to analyze dosage forms with a high percent recovery.

Development of a green synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique for simultaneous determination of Montelukast sodium and Bilastine in pharmaceutical formulations.

For the treatment of rhinitis and asthma, a combination of Montelukast sodium and Bilastine has just been approved. Based on the first derivative of synchronous fluorescence, the current work developed a green, highly accurate, sensitive, and selective spectroscopic approach for estimating Montelukast sodium and Bilastine in pharmaceutical dosage form without previous separation. The selected technique focuses on measuring the synchronized fluorescence of the studied medications at a fixed wavelength range (Δλ) = 110 nm, and using the amplitude of the first derivative's peak at 381 and 324 nm, for quantitative estimation of Montelukast sodium and Bilastine, respectively. The impacts of different factors on the referred drugs' synchronized fluorescence intensity were investigated and adjusted. The calibration plots for were found to be linear over concentration ranges of 50-2000 ng mL-1 for Montelukast sodium and 50-1000 ng mL-1 for Bilastine. Montelukast sodium and Bilastine have LODs of 16.5 and 10.9 ng mL-1, respectively. In addition, LOQs were: 49.9 and 33.0 ng mL-1, for both drugs, respectively. The developed method was successfully employed to quantify the two drugs in synthetic tablets mixture and in laboratory prepared mixtures containing varied Montelukast and Bilastine ratios. To compare the results with the published analytical approach, a variance ratio F-test and a student t-test were used, which revealed no significant differences.